Solaris 10中如何进行xorg设置

一. Xorg简介 XOrg是Solaris 10使用的图形界面方案。Solaris 10在启动时，会根据监测 到的显示设备（显卡，显示器）的型号，生成一个.xorg.conf文件（隐藏文件，需运行ls -a才能看到），并将其存放在/etc/X11目录下。在进入图形界面时，系统根据该文件的内容，加载相应的显示设备的驱动程序，并进行相关的配 置。但使用系统自动生成的缺省.xorg.conf文件，有时会遇到显示的分辨率和颜色值较低，甚至图形界面无法进入的问题。这时可使用Solaris 10提供的xorgconfig工具，根据实际使用的 显示设备的型号手动生成一个xorg.conf文件，同样存放在/etc/X11目录下。这样,系统在加载图形界面的时候，将优先使用xorg.conf文件而忽略.xorg.conf文件。 在较早的版本中，Solaris使用的是XSun图形界面方案。在Solaris 10中，同时支持XOrg和XSun两种方式，可使用kdmconfig命令进行选择。 二. xorg.conf文件 xorg.conf文件的格式比较复杂，一般不直接对其进 行编辑，而使用xorgconfig来自动生成。 三. xorgconfig使用说明 xorgconfig程序位于/usr/X11/bin/目录下。运行xorgconfig过程中，每一个步骤都 有相应的操作提示。除了对显示器和显卡的设置之外，还有对鼠标和键盘进行设置的步骤。 # /usr/X11/bin/xorgconfig ======================================================================== (1) 程序原理说明，回车，进入下一步 ======================================================================== This program will create a basic xorg.conf file, based on menu selections you make. This program will ask for a pathname when it is ready to write the file. The xorg.conf file usually resides in /etc/X11. If no xorg.conf file is present there, Xorg will probe the system to autoconfigure itself. You can run Xorg -configure to generate a xorg.conf file based on the results of autoconfiguration, or let this program produce a base xorg.conf file for your configuration and fine-tune it. Before continuing with this program, make sure you know what video card you have, and preferably also the chipset it uses and the amount of video memory on your video card, as well as the specifications of your monitor. Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort. ======================================================================== (2) 选择鼠标类型，建议选1 ======================================================================== First specify a mouse protocol type. Choose one from the following list: 1. Auto 2. VUID 3. SysMouse 4. MouseSystems 5. PS/2 6. Microsoft 7. Busmouse 8. IMPS/2 9. ExplorerPS/2 10. GlidePointPS/2 11. MouseManPlusPS/2 12. NetMousePS/2 13. NetScrollPS/2 14. ThinkingMousePS/2 The recommended protocol is Auto. If you have a very old mouse or don't want OS support or auto detection, and you have a two-button or three-button serial mouse, it is most likely of type Microsoft. Enter a protocol number: ======================================================================== (2.1) 是否模拟三键鼠标，输入y，回车 ======================================================================== If your mouse has only two buttons, it is recommended that you enable Emulate3Buttons. Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'. ======================================================================== 2.2) 输入鼠标的设备名，回车使用默认的/dev/mouse(或/dev/kdmouse)； ======================================================================== Now give the full device name that the mouse is connected to, for example /dev/tty00. Just pressing enter will use the default, /dev/mouse. Mouse device: ======================================================================== (3) 选择键盘类型，建议选7 ======================================================================== description of your keyboard. If nothing really matches, choose 1 (Generic 101-key PC) 1 Sun Type 6 USB 2 Sun Type 6 USB (European layout) 3 Sun Type 6 USB (Japanese layout) 4 Sun Type 6 USB (Unix layout) 5 Generic 101-key PC 6 Generic 102-key (Intl) PC 7 Generic 104-key PC 8 Generic 105-key (Intl) PC 9 Sun Type 4 10 Sun Type 4 (Canadian layout) 11 Sun Type 4 (Japanese layout) 12 Sun Type 4 (European layout) 13 Sun Type 5 14 Sun Type 5 (European layout) 15 Sun Type 5 (Japanese layout) 16 Sun Type 5 (Unix layout) Enter a number to choose the keyboard. Press enter for the next page ======================================================================== (3.1) 选择键盘布局，选1 ======================================================================== 1 U.S. English 2 U.S. English w/ ISO9995-3 3 U.S. English w/ deadkeys 4 Albanian 5 Arabic 6 Armenian 7 Azerbaijani 8 Belarusian 9 Belgian 10 Bengali 11 Bosnian 12 Brazilian 13 Bulgarian 14 Burmese 15 Canadian 16 French Canadian 17 Croatian 18 Croatian (US) Enter a number to choose the country. Press enter for the next page ======================================================================== (3.2) 提示输入键盘变量名，回车使用缺省变量即可 ======================================================================== Please enter a variant name for 'us' layout. Or just press enter for default variant ======================================================================== (3.3) 是否使用XKB管理键盘输入，y或n均可 ======================================================================== Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'. Do you want to select additional XKB options (group switcher, group indicator, etc.)? Enter your choice: ======================================================================== (4) 下面进行显示器设置，回车继续 ======================================================================== Now we want to set the specifications of the monitor. The two critical parameters are the vertical refresh rate, which is the rate at which the the whole screen is refreshed, and most importantly the horizontal sync rate, which is the rate at which scanlines are displayed. The valid range for horizontal sync and vertical sync should be documented in the manual of your monitor. If in doubt, check the monitor database /usr/X11/share/doc/Monitors to see if your monitor is there. Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort. ======================================================================== (4.1) 选择显示器水平同步频率，根据显示器支持的分辨率和刷新频率进行选择 ======================================================================== You must indicate the horizontal sync range of your monitor. You can either select one of the predefined ranges below that correspond to industry- standard monitor types, or give a specific range. It is VERY IMPORTANT that you do not specify a monitor type with a horizontal sync range that is beyond the capabilities of your monitor. If in doubt, choose a conservative setting. hsync in kHz; monitor type with characteristic modes 1 31.5; Standard VGA, 640x480 @ 60 Hz 2 31.5 - 35.1; Super VGA, 800x600 @ 56 Hz 3 31.5, 35.5; 8514 Compatible, 1024x768 @ 87 Hz interlaced (no 800x600) 4 31.5, 35.15, 35.5; Super VGA, 1024x768 @ 87 Hz interlaced, 800x600 @ 56 Hz 5 31.5 - 37.9; Extended Super VGA, 800x600 @ 60 Hz, 640x480 @ 72 Hz 6 31.5 - 48.5; Non-Interlaced SVGA, 1024x768 @ 60 Hz, 800x600 @ 72 Hz 7 31.5 - 57.0; High Frequency SVGA, 1024x768 @ 70 Hz 8 31.5 - 64.3; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 60 Hz 9 31.5 - 79.0; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 74 Hz 10 31.5 - 82.0; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 76 Hz 11 Enter your own horizontal sync range Enter your choice: ======================================================================== (4.2) 选择显示器刷新频率，建议选2 ======================================================================== You must indicate the vertical sync range of your monitor. You can either select one of the predefined ranges below that correspond to industry- standard monitor types, or give a specific range. For interlaced modes, the number that counts is the high one (e.g. 87 Hz rather than 43 Hz). 1 50-70 2 50-90 3 50-100 4 40-150 5 Enter your own vertical sync range Enter your choice: ======================================================================== (5) 选择显卡类型，输入一个描述符，可以直接回车继续 ======================================================================== You must now enter a few identification/description strings, namely an identifier, a vendor name, and a model name. Just pressing enter will fill in default names. The strings are free-form, spaces are allowed. Enter an identifier for your monitor definition: ======================================================================== (5.1) 是否查看显卡模块数据库选择一个合适的模块，输入y； ======================================================================== Now we must configure video card specific settings. At this point you can choose to make a selection out of a database of video card definitions. Because there can be variation in Ramdacs and clock generators even between cards of the same model, it is not sensible to blindly copy the settings (e.g. a Device section). For this reason, after you make a selection, you will still be asked about the components of the card, with the settings from the chosen database entry presented as a strong hint. The database entries include information about the chipset, what driver to run, the Ramdac and ClockChip, and comments that will be included in the Device section. However, a lot of definitions only hint about what driver to run (based on the chipset the card uses) and are untested. If you can't find your card in the database, there's nothing to worry about. You should only choose a database entry that is exactly the same model as your card; choosing one that looks similar is just a bad idea (e.g. a GemStone Snail 64 may be as different from a GemStone Snail 64+ in terms of hardware as can be). Do you want to look at the card database? ======================================================================== (5.2) 回车翻页，找到所使用显卡的型号，输入相应序号 ======================================================================== 18 ** NVIDIA (generic) [nv] - 19 ** NeoMagic (generic) [neomagic] - 20 ** Number Nine I128 (generic) [i128] - 21 ** Rendition (generic) [rendition] - 22 ** S3 (not ViRGE or Savage) (generic) [s3] - 23 ** S3 Savage (generic) [savage] - 24 ** S3 ViRGE (generic) [s3virge] - 25 ** SiS (generic) [sis] - 26 ** Silicon Motion (generic) [siliconmotion]- 27 ** Trident (generic) [trident] - 28 ** Tseng Labs (generic) [tseng] - 29 ** VMWare guest OS (generic) [vmware] - 30 2 the Max MAXColor S3 Trio64V+ - 31 2-the-Max MAXColor 6000 ET6000 32 3DLabs Oxygen GMX PERMEDIA 2 33 928Movie S3 928 34 AGX (generic) AGX-014/15/16 35 ALG-5434(E) CL-GD5434 ======================================================================== (5.3) 确认选择的Xorg显示驱动模块，直接回车继续 ======================================================================== Enter a number to choose the corresponding card definition. Press enter for the next page, q to continue configuration. Your selected card definition: Identifier: ** XXXX Chipset: - Driver: XXXX Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort. ======================================================================== (5.4) 再次要求输入显卡描述符(将记录在配置文件中) ======================================================================== You must now enter a few identification/description strings, namely an identifier, a vendor name, and a model name. Just pressing enter will fill in default names (possibly from a card definition). Your card definition is ** XXXXX. The strings are free-form, spaces are allowed. Enter an identifier for your video card definition: ======================================================================== (5.5)选择显存大小 ======================================================================== Now you must give information about your video card. This will be used for the "Device" section of your video card in xorg.conf. It is probably a good idea to use the same approximate amount as that detected by the server you intend to use. If you encounter problems that are due to the used server not supporting the amount memory you have, specify the maximum amount supported by the server. How much video memory do you have on your video card: 1 256K 2 512K 3 1024K 4 2048K 5 4096K 6 8192K 7 16384K 8 32768K 9 65536K 10 131072K 11 262144K 12 Other Enter your choice: ======================================================================== (6) 配置显示分辨率模式段，Xorg允许指定一个色彩模式下的多种分辨率，并在运行时自动匹配； 默认设置如下面显示的，如果不想使用那么大 的分辨率必须手工设定分辨率模式；例如希望使用 800x600x24bpp，则需选择"3"，配置24-Bit模式下的期望分辨率； ======================================================================== For each depth, a list of modes (resolutions) is defined. The default resolution that the server will start-up with will be the first listed mode that can be supported by the monitor and card. Currently it is set to: "1280x1024" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480" for 8-bit "1280x1024" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480" for 16-bit "1280x1024" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480" for 24-bit Modes that cannot be supported due to monitor or clock constraints will be automatically skipped by the server. 1 Change the modes for 8-bit (256 colors) 2 Change the modes for 16-bit (32K/64K colors) 3 Change the modes for 24-bit (24-bit color) 4 The modes are OK, continue. Enter your choice: 3 ======================================================================== (6.1) 选择对应色彩模式下的分辨率，可以使用多个数字一次选择，则自动匹配分辨率时会根据 硬件情况由最前面的往后依次测试选择最合适 的分辨率；如例中选择"432"，则默认分辨率为 1024x768，不成功则自动匹配800x600... 推荐选择固定值"3"或"4"； ======================================================================== Select modes from the following list: 1 "640x400" 2 "640x480" 3 "800x600" 4 "1024x768" 5 "1280x1024" 6 "320x200" 7 "320x240" 8 "400x300" 9 "1152x864" a "1600x1200" b "1800x1400" c "512x384" d "1400x1050" Please type the digits corresponding to the modes that you want to select. For example, 432 selects "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480", with a default mode of 1024x768. Which modes? 3 ======================================================================== (6.2) X允许使用大于真实分辨率的虚拟桌面，使用鼠标在边缘平移来滚动桌面，建议选否 "n"； ======================================================================== You can have a virtual screen (desktop), which is screen area that is larger than the physical screen and which is panned by moving the mouse to the edge of the screen. If you don't want virtual desktop at a certain resolution, you cannot have modes listed that are larger. Each color depth can have a differently-sized virtual screen Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'. Do you want a virtual screen that is larger than the physical screen? n ======================================================================== (6.3) 依次选取各显示模式的分辨率后，选择"4"确认； ======================================================================== Modes that cannot be supported due to monitor or clock constraints will be automatically skipped by the server. 1 Change the modes for 8-bit (256 colors) 2 Change the modes for 16-bit (32K/64K colors) 3 Change the modes for 24-bit (24-bit color) 4 The modes are OK, continue. Enter your choice: 4 ======================================================================== (6.4) 选择默认的色彩深度，根据我们期望的显示模式，选择 "5"，24Bit显示； ======================================================================== Please specify which color depth you want to use by default: 1 1 bit (monochrome) 2 4 bits (16 colors) 3 8 bits (256 colors) 4 16 bits (65536 colors) 5 24 bits (16 million colors) Enter a number to choose the default depth. ======================================================================== (7) "y"保存。(如果不想直接保存到系统配置文件，可以选择"n"然后在下一步中保存到其它路径。) ======================================================================== I am going to write the xorg.conf file now. Make sure you don't accidently overwrite a previously configured one. Shall I write it to /etc/X11/xorg.conf? y ======================================================================== (8) 重新启动系统 ======================================================================== # reboot