void* realloc(void* ptr, unsigned newsize);

本文介绍了C语言中的标准内存分配函数,包括malloc、calloc、realloc和free。详细解释了这些函数的作用、参数及使用方法,并对比了malloc与calloc的主要区别。

三个函数的申明分别是:
void* realloc(void* ptr, unsigned newsize);
void* malloc(unsigned size);
void* calloc(size_t nelem, size_t elsize);
都在stdlib.h函数库内

它们的返回值都是请求系统分配的地址,如果请求失败就返回NULL

malloc用于申请一段新的地址,参数size为需要内存空间的长度,如:
char* p;
p=(char*)malloc(20);

callocmalloc相似,参数nelem为申请地址的单位元素长度,elsize为元素个数,如:
char* p;
p=(char*)calloc(sizeof(char),20);
这个例子与上一个效果相同

realloc是给一个已经分配了地址的指针重新分配空间,参数ptr为原有的空间地址,newsize是重新申请的地址长度
如:
char* p;
p=(char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*20);
p=(char*)realloc(p,sizeof(char)*40);

注意,这里的空间长度都是以字节为单位。

 

C语言的标准内存分配函数:malloccalloc,realloc,free等。
malloccalloc的区别为1块与n块的区别:
malloc调用形式为(类型*)malloc(size):在内存的动态存储区中分配一块长度为“size”字节的连续区域,返回该区域的首地址。
calloc调用形式为(类型*)calloc(n,size):在内存的动态存储区中分配n块长度为“size”字节的连续区域,返回首地址。
realloc调用形式为(类型*)realloc(*ptr,size):将ptr内存大小增大到size。
free的调用形式为free(void*ptr):释放ptr所指向的一块内存空间。
C++中为new/delete函数。

 
/* Copyright (c) 2009 Dave Gamble Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. */ #ifndef cJSON__h #define cJSON__h #include <stddef.h> #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif /* cJSON Types: */ #define cJSON_False 0 #define cJSON_True 1 #define cJSON_NULL 2 #define cJSON_Number 3 #define cJSON_String 4 #define cJSON_Array 5 #define cJSON_Object 6 #define cJSON_IsReference 256 #define cJSON_StringIsConst 512 /* The cJSON structure: */ typedef struct cJSON { struct cJSON *next,*prev; /* next/prev allow you to walk array/object chains. Alternatively, use GetArraySize/GetArrayItem/GetObjectItem */ struct cJSON *child; /* An array or object item will have a child pointer pointing to a chain of the items in the array/object. */ int type; /* The type of the item, as above. */ char *valuestring; /* The item's string, if type==cJSON_String */ int valueint; /* The item's number, if type==cJSON_Number */ double valuedouble; /* The item's number, if type==cJSON_Number */ char *string; /* The item's name string, if this item is the child of, or is in the list of subitems of an object. */ } cJSON; typedef struct cJSON_Hooks { void *(*malloc_fn)(size_t sz); void (*free_fn)(void *ptr); } cJSON_Hooks; /* Supply malloc, realloc and free functions to cJSON */ extern void cJSON_InitHooks(cJSON_Hooks* hooks); /* Supply a block of JSON, and this returns a cJSON object you can interrogate. Call cJSON_Delete when finished. */ extern cJSON *cJSON_Parse(const char *value); /* Render a cJSON entity to text for transfer/storage. Free the char* when finished. */ extern char *cJSON_Print(cJSON *item); /* Render a cJSON entity to text for transfer/storage without any formatting. Free the char* when finished. */ extern char *cJSON_PrintUnformatted(cJSON *item); /* Render a cJSON entity to text using a buffered strategy. prebuffer is a guess at the final size. guessing well reduces reallocation. fmt=0 gives unformatted, =1 gives formatted */ extern char *cJSON_PrintBuffered(cJSON *item,int prebuffer,int fmt); /* Delete a cJSON entity and all subentities. */ extern void cJSON_Delete(cJSON *c); /* Returns the number of items in an array (or object). */ extern int cJSON_GetArraySize(cJSON *array); /* Retrieve item number "item" from array "array". Returns NULL if unsuccessful. */ extern cJSON *cJSON_GetArrayItem(cJSON *array,int item); /* Get item "string" from object. Case insensitive. */ extern cJSON *cJSON_GetObjectItem(cJSON *object,const char *string); extern int cJSON_HasObjectItem(cJSON *object,const char *string); /* For analysing failed parses. This returns a pointer to the parse error. You'll probably need to look a few chars back to make sense of it. Defined when cJSON_Parse() returns 0. 0 when cJSON_Parse() succeeds. */ extern const char *cJSON_GetErrorPtr(void); /* These calls create a cJSON item of the appropriate type. */ extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateNull(void); extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateTrue(void); extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateFalse(void); extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateBool(int b); extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateNumber(double num); extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateString(const char *string); extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateArray(void); extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateObject(void); /* These utilities create an Array of count items. */ extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateIntArray(const int *numbers,int count); extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateFloatArray(const float *numbers,int count); extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateDoubleArray(const double *numbers,int count); extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateStringArray(const char **strings,int count); /* Append item to the specified array/object. */ extern void cJSON_AddItemToArray(cJSON *array, cJSON *item); extern void cJSON_AddItemToObject(cJSON *object,const char *string,cJSON *item); extern void cJSON_AddItemToObjectCS(cJSON *object,const char *string,cJSON *item); /* Use this when string is definitely const (i.e. a literal, or as good as), and will definitely survive the cJSON object */ /* Append reference to item to the specified array/object. Use this when you want to add an existing cJSON to a new cJSON, but don't want to corrupt your existing cJSON. */ extern void cJSON_AddItemReferenceToArray(cJSON *array, cJSON *item); extern void cJSON_AddItemReferenceToObject(cJSON *object,const char *string,cJSON *item); /* Remove/Detatch items from Arrays/Objects. */ extern cJSON *cJSON_DetachItemFromArray(cJSON *array,int which); extern void cJSON_DeleteItemFromArray(cJSON *array,int which); extern cJSON *cJSON_DetachItemFromObject(cJSON *object,const char *string); extern void cJSON_DeleteItemFromObject(cJSON *object,const char *string); /* Update array items. */ extern void cJSON_InsertItemInArray(cJSON *array,int which,cJSON *newitem); /* Shifts pre-existing items to the right. */ extern void cJSON_ReplaceItemInArray(cJSON *array,int which,cJSON *newitem); extern void cJSON_ReplaceItemInObject(cJSON *object,const char *string,cJSON *newitem); /* Duplicate a cJSON item */ extern cJSON *cJSON_Duplicate(cJSON *item,int recurse); /* Duplicate will create a new, identical cJSON item to the one you pass, in new memory that will need to be released. With recurse!=0, it will duplicate any children connected to the item. The item->next and ->prev pointers are always zero on return from Duplicate. */ /* ParseWithOpts allows you to require (and check) that the JSON is null terminated, and to retrieve the pointer to the final byte parsed. */ extern cJSON *cJSON_ParseWithOpts(const char *value,const char **return_parse_end,int require_null_terminated); extern void cJSON_Minify(char *json); /* Macros for creating things quickly. */ #define cJSON_AddNullToObject(object,name) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateNull()) #define cJSON_AddTrueToObject(object,name) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateTrue()) #define cJSON_AddFalseToObject(object,name) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateFalse()) #define cJSON_AddBoolToObject(object,name,b) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateBool(b)) #define cJSON_AddNumberToObject(object,name,n) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateNumber(n)) #define cJSON_AddStringToObject(object,name,s) cJSON_AddItemToObject(object, name, cJSON_CreateString(s)) /* When assigning an integer value, it needs to be propagated to valuedouble too. */ #define cJSON_SetIntValue(object,val) ((object)?(object)->valueint=(object)->valuedouble=(val):(val)) #define cJSON_SetNumberValue(object,val) ((object)?(object)->valueint=(object)->valuedouble=(val):(val)) /* Macro for iterating over an array */ #define cJSON_ArrayForEach(pos, head) for(pos = (head)->child; pos != NULL; pos = pos->next) #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #endif /* Copyright (c) 2009 Dave Gamble Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. */ /* cJSON */ /* JSON parser in C. */ #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <float.h> #include <limits.h> #include <ctype.h> #include "cJSON.h" static const char *ep; const char *cJSON_GetErrorPtr(void) {return ep;} static int cJSON_strcasecmp(const char *s1,const char *s2) { if (!s1) return (s1==s2)?0:1;if (!s2) return 1; for(; tolower(*s1) == tolower(*s2); ++s1, ++s2) if(*s1 == 0) return 0; return tolower(*(const unsigned char *)s1) - tolower(*(const unsigned char *)s2); } static void *(*cJSON_malloc)(size_t sz) = malloc; static void (*cJSON_free)(void *ptr) = free; static char* cJSON_strdup(const char* str) { size_t len; char* copy; len = strlen(str) + 1; if (!(copy = (char*)cJSON_malloc(len))) return 0; memcpy(copy,str,len); return copy; } void cJSON_InitHooks(cJSON_Hooks* hooks) { if (!hooks) { /* Reset hooks */ cJSON_malloc = malloc; cJSON_free = free; return; } cJSON_malloc = (hooks->malloc_fn)?hooks->malloc_fn:malloc; cJSON_free = (hooks->free_fn)?hooks->free_fn:free; } /* Internal constructor. */ static cJSON *cJSON_New_Item(void) { cJSON* node = (cJSON*)cJSON_malloc(sizeof(cJSON)); if (node) memset(node,0,sizeof(cJSON)); return node; } /* Delete a cJSON structure. */ void cJSON_Delete(cJSON *c) { cJSON *next; while (c) { next=c->next; if (!(c->type&cJSON_IsReference) && c->child) cJSON_Delete(c->child); if (!(c->type&cJSON_IsReference) && c->valuestring) cJSON_free(c->valuestring); if (!(c->type&cJSON_StringIsConst) && c->string) cJSON_free(c->string); cJSON_free(c); c=next; } } /* Parse the input text to generate a number, and populate the result into item. */ static const char *parse_number(cJSON *item,const char *num) { double n=0,sign=1,scale=0;int subscale=0,signsubscale=1; if (*num=='-') sign=-1,num++; /* Has sign? */ if (*num=='0') num++; /* is zero */ if (*num>='1' && *num<='9') do n=(n*10.0)+(*num++ -'0'); while (*num>='0' && *num<='9'); /* Number? */ if (*num=='.' && num[1]>='0' && num[1]<='9') {num++; do n=(n*10.0)+(*num++ -'0'),scale--; while (*num>='0' && *num<='9');} /* Fractional part? */ if (*num=='e' || *num=='E') /* Exponent? */ { num++;if (*num=='+') num++; else if (*num=='-') signsubscale=-1,num++; /* With sign? */ while (*num>='0' && *num<='9') subscale=(subscale*10)+(*num++ - '0'); /* Number? */ } n=sign*n*pow(10.0,(scale+subscale*signsubscale)); /* number = +/- number.fraction * 10^+/- exponent */ item->valuedouble=n; item->valueint=(int)n; item->type=cJSON_Number; return num; } static int pow2gt (int x) { --x; x|=x>>1; x|=x>>2; x|=x>>4; x|=x>>8; x|=x>>16; return x+1; } typedef struct {char *buffer; int length; int offset; } printbuffer; static char* ensure(printbuffer *p,int needed) { char *newbuffer;int newsize; if (!p || !p->buffer) return 0; needed+=p->offset; if (needed<=p->length) return p->buffer+p->offset; newsize=pow2gt(needed); newbuffer=(char*)cJSON_malloc(newsize); if (!newbuffer) {cJSON_free(p->buffer);p->length=0,p->buffer=0;return 0;} if (newbuffer) memcpy(newbuffer,p->buffer,p->length); cJSON_free(p->buffer); p->length=newsize; p->buffer=newbuffer; return newbuffer+p->offset; } static int update(printbuffer *p) { char *str; if (!p || !p->buffer) return 0; str=p->buffer+p->offset; return p->offset+strlen(str); } /* Render the number nicely from the given item into a string. */ static char *print_number(cJSON *item,printbuffer *p) { char *str=0; double d=item->valuedouble; if (d==0) { if (p) str=ensure(p,2); else str=(char*)cJSON_malloc(2); /* special case for 0. */ if (str) strcpy(str,"0"); } else if (fabs(((double)item->valueint)-d)<=DBL_EPSILON && d<=INT_MAX && d>=INT_MIN) { if (p) str=ensure(p,21); else str=(char*)cJSON_malloc(21); /* 2^64+1 can be represented in 21 chars. */ if (str) sprintf(str,"%d",item->valueint); } else { if (p) str=ensure(p,64); else str=(char*)cJSON_malloc(64); /* This is a nice tradeoff. */ if (str) { if (fpclassify(d) != FP_ZERO && !isnormal(d)) sprintf(str,"null"); else if (fabs(floor(d)-d)<=DBL_EPSILON && fabs(d)<1.0e60) sprintf(str,"%.0f",d); else if (fabs(d)<1.0e-6 || fabs(d)>1.0e9) sprintf(str,"%e",d); else sprintf(str,"%f",d); } } return str; } static unsigned parse_hex4(const char *str) { unsigned h=0; if (*str>='0' && *str<='9') h+=(*str)-'0'; else if (*str>='A' && *str<='F') h+=10+(*str)-'A'; else if (*str>='a' && *str<='f') h+=10+(*str)-'a'; else return 0; h=h<<4;str++; if (*str>='0' && *str<='9') h+=(*str)-'0'; else if (*str>='A' && *str<='F') h+=10+(*str)-'A'; else if (*str>='a' && *str<='f') h+=10+(*str)-'a'; else return 0; h=h<<4;str++; if (*str>='0' && *str<='9') h+=(*str)-'0'; else if (*str>='A' && *str<='F') h+=10+(*str)-'A'; else if (*str>='a' && *str<='f') h+=10+(*str)-'a'; else return 0; h=h<<4;str++; if (*str>='0' && *str<='9') h+=(*str)-'0'; else if (*str>='A' && *str<='F') h+=10+(*str)-'A'; else if (*str>='a' && *str<='f') h+=10+(*str)-'a'; else return 0; return h; } /* Parse the input text into an unescaped cstring, and populate item. */ static const unsigned char firstByteMark[7] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF8, 0xFC }; static const char *parse_string(cJSON *item,const char *str) { const char *ptr=str+1;char *ptr2;char *out;int len=0;unsigned uc,uc2; if (*str!='\"') {ep=str;return 0;} /* not a string! */ while (*ptr!='\"' && *ptr && ++len) if (*ptr++ == '\\') ptr++; /* Skip escaped quotes. */ out=(char*)cJSON_malloc(len+1); /* This is how long we need for the string, roughly. */ if (!out) return 0; ptr=str+1;ptr2=out; while (*ptr!='\"' && *ptr) { if (*ptr!='\\') *ptr2++=*ptr++; else { ptr++; switch (*ptr) { case 'b': *ptr2++='\b'; break; case 'f': *ptr2++='\f'; break; case 'n': *ptr2++='\n'; break; case 'r': *ptr2++='\r'; break; case 't': *ptr2++='\t'; break; case 'u': /* transcode utf16 to utf8. */ uc=parse_hex4(ptr+1);ptr+=4; /* get the unicode char. */ if ((uc>=0xDC00 && uc<=0xDFFF) || uc==0) break; /* check for invalid. */ if (uc>=0xD800 && uc<=0xDBFF) /* UTF16 surrogate pairs. */ { if (ptr[1]!='\\' || ptr[2]!='u') break; /* missing second-half of surrogate. */ uc2=parse_hex4(ptr+3);ptr+=6; if (uc2<0xDC00 || uc2>0xDFFF) break; /* invalid second-half of surrogate. */ uc=0x10000 + (((uc&0x3FF)<<10) | (uc2&0x3FF)); } len=4;if (uc<0x80) len=1;else if (uc<0x800) len=2;else if (uc<0x10000) len=3; ptr2+=len; switch (len) { case 4: *--ptr2 =((uc | 0x80) & 0xBF); uc >>= 6; case 3: *--ptr2 =((uc | 0x80) & 0xBF); uc >>= 6; case 2: *--ptr2 =((uc | 0x80) & 0xBF); uc >>= 6; case 1: *--ptr2 =(uc | firstByteMark[len]); } ptr2+=len; break; default: *ptr2++=*ptr; break; } ptr++; } } *ptr2=0; if (*ptr=='\"') ptr++; item->valuestring=out; item->type=cJSON_String; return ptr; } /* Render the cstring provided to an escaped version that can be printed. */ static char *print_string_ptr(const char *str,printbuffer *p) { const char *ptr;char *ptr2,*out;int len=0,flag=0;unsigned char token; for (ptr=str;*ptr;ptr++) flag|=((*ptr>0 && *ptr<32)||(*ptr=='\"')||(*ptr=='\\'))?1:0; if (!flag) { len=ptr-str; if (p) out=ensure(p,len+3); else out=(char*)cJSON_malloc(len+3); if (!out) return 0; ptr2=out;*ptr2++='\"'; strcpy(ptr2,str); ptr2[len]='\"'; ptr2[len+1]=0; return out; } if (!str) { if (p) out=ensure(p,3); else out=(char*)cJSON_malloc(3); if (!out) return 0; strcpy(out,"\"\""); return out; } ptr=str;while ((token=*ptr) && ++len) {if (strchr("\"\\\b\f\n\r\t",token)) len++; else if (token<32) len+=5;ptr++;} if (p) out=ensure(p,len+3); else out=(char*)cJSON_malloc(len+3); if (!out) return 0; ptr2=out;ptr=str; *ptr2++='\"'; while (*ptr) { if ((unsigned char)*ptr>31 && *ptr!='\"' && *ptr!='\\') *ptr2++=*ptr++; else { *ptr2++='\\'; switch (token=*ptr++) { case '\\': *ptr2++='\\'; break; case '\"': *ptr2++='\"'; break; case '\b': *ptr2++='b'; break; case '\f': *ptr2++='f'; break; case '\n': *ptr2++='n'; break; case '\r': *ptr2++='r'; break; case '\t': *ptr2++='t'; break; default: sprintf(ptr2,"u%04x",token);ptr2+=5; break; /* escape and print */ } } } *ptr2++='\"';*ptr2++=0; return out; } /* Invote print_string_ptr (which is useful) on an item. */ static char *print_string(cJSON *item,printbuffer *p) {return print_string_ptr(item->valuestring,p);} /* Predeclare these prototypes. */ static const char *parse_value(cJSON *item,const char *value); static char *print_value(cJSON *item,int depth,int fmt,printbuffer *p); static const char *parse_array(cJSON *item,const char *value); static char *print_array(cJSON *item,int depth,int fmt,printbuffer *p); static const char *parse_object(cJSON *item,const char *value); static char *print_object(cJSON *item,int depth,int fmt,printbuffer *p); /* Utility to jump whitespace and cr/lf */ static const char *skip(const char *in) {while (in && *in && (unsigned char)*in<=32) in++; return in;} /* Parse an object - create a new root, and populate. */ cJSON *cJSON_ParseWithOpts(const char *value,const char **return_parse_end,int require_null_terminated) { const char *end=0; cJSON *c=cJSON_New_Item(); ep=0; if (!c) return 0; /* memory fail */ end=parse_value(c,skip(value)); if (!end) {cJSON_Delete(c);return 0;} /* parse failure. ep is set. */ /* if we require null-terminated JSON without appended garbage, skip and then check for a null terminator */ if (require_null_terminated) {end=skip(end);if (*end) {cJSON_Delete(c);ep=end;return 0;}} if (return_parse_end) *return_parse_end=end; return c; } /* Default options for cJSON_Parse */ cJSON *cJSON_Parse(const char *value) {return cJSON_ParseWithOpts(value,0,0);} /* Render a cJSON item/entity/structure to text. */ char *cJSON_Print(cJSON *item) {return print_value(item,0,1,0);} char *cJSON_PrintUnformatted(cJSON *item) {return print_value(item,0,0,0);} char *cJSON_PrintBuffered(cJSON *item,int prebuffer,int fmt) { printbuffer p; p.buffer=(char*)cJSON_malloc(prebuffer); p.length=prebuffer; p.offset=0; return print_value(item,0,fmt,&p); return p.buffer; } /* Parser core - when encountering text, process appropriately. */ static const char *parse_value(cJSON *item,const char *value) { if (!value) return 0; /* Fail on null. */ if (!strncmp(value,"null",4)) { item->type=cJSON_NULL; return value+4; } if (!strncmp(value,"false",5)) { item->type=cJSON_False; return value+5; } if (!strncmp(value,"true",4)) { item->type=cJSON_True; item->valueint=1; return value+4; } if (*value=='\"') { return parse_string(item,value); } if (*value=='-' || (*value>='0' && *value<='9')) { return parse_number(item,value); } if (*value=='[') { return parse_array(item,value); } if (*value=='{') { return parse_object(item,value); } ep=value;return 0; /* failure. */ } /* Render a value to text. */ static char *print_value(cJSON *item,int depth,int fmt,printbuffer *p) { char *out=0; if (!item) return 0; if (p) { switch ((item->type)&255) { case cJSON_NULL: {out=ensure(p,5); if (out) strcpy(out,"null"); break;} case cJSON_False: {out=ensure(p,6); if (out) strcpy(out,"false"); break;} case cJSON_True: {out=ensure(p,5); if (out) strcpy(out,"true"); break;} case cJSON_Number: out=print_number(item,p);break; case cJSON_String: out=print_string(item,p);break; case cJSON_Array: out=print_array(item,depth,fmt,p);break; case cJSON_Object: out=print_object(item,depth,fmt,p);break; } } else { switch ((item->type)&255) { case cJSON_NULL: out=cJSON_strdup("null"); break; case cJSON_False: out=cJSON_strdup("false");break; case cJSON_True: out=cJSON_strdup("true"); break; case cJSON_Number: out=print_number(item,0);break; case cJSON_String: out=print_string(item,0);break; case cJSON_Array: out=print_array(item,depth,fmt,0);break; case cJSON_Object: out=print_object(item,depth,fmt,0);break; } } return out; } /* Build an array from input text. */ static const char *parse_array(cJSON *item,const char *value) { cJSON *child; if (*value!='[') {ep=value;return 0;} /* not an array! */ item->type=cJSON_Array; value=skip(value+1); if (*value==']') return value+1; /* empty array. */ item->child=child=cJSON_New_Item(); if (!item->child) return 0; /* memory fail */ value=skip(parse_value(child,skip(value))); /* skip any spacing, get the value. */ if (!value) return 0; while (*value==',') { cJSON *new_item; if (!(new_item=cJSON_New_Item())) return 0; /* memory fail */ child->next=new_item;new_item->prev=child;child=new_item; value=skip(parse_value(child,skip(value+1))); if (!value) return 0; /* memory fail */ } if (*value==']') return value+1; /* end of array */ ep=value;return 0; /* malformed. */ } /* Render an array to text */ static char *print_array(cJSON *item,int depth,int fmt,printbuffer *p) { char **entries; char *out=0,*ptr,*ret;int len=5; cJSON *child=item->child; int numentries=0,i=0,fail=0; size_t tmplen=0; /* How many entries in the array? */ while (child) numentries++,child=child->next; /* Explicitly handle numentries==0 */ if (!numentries) { if (p) out=ensure(p,3); else out=(char*)cJSON_malloc(3); if (out) strcpy(out,"[]"); return out; } if (p) { /* Compose the output array. */ i=p->offset; ptr=ensure(p,1);if (!ptr) return 0; *ptr='['; p->offset++; child=item->child; while (child && !fail) { print_value(child,depth+1,fmt,p); p->offset=update(p); if (child->next) {len=fmt?2:1;ptr=ensure(p,len+1);if (!ptr) return 0;*ptr++=',';if(fmt)*ptr++=' ';*ptr=0;p->offset+=len;} child=child->next; } ptr=ensure(p,2);if (!ptr) return 0; *ptr++=']';*ptr=0; out=(p->buffer)+i; } else { /* Allocate an array to hold the values for each */ entries=(char**)cJSON_malloc(numentries*sizeof(char*)); if (!entries) return 0; memset(entries,0,numentries*sizeof(char*)); /* Retrieve all the results: */ child=item->child; while (child && !fail) { ret=print_value(child,depth+1,fmt,0); entries[i++]=ret; if (ret) len+=strlen(ret)+2+(fmt?1:0); else fail=1; child=child->next; } /* If we didn't fail, try to malloc the output string */ if (!fail) out=(char*)cJSON_malloc(len); /* If that fails, we fail. */ if (!out) fail=1; /* Handle failure. */ if (fail) { for (i=0;i<numentries;i++) if (entries[i]) cJSON_free(entries[i]); cJSON_free(entries); return 0; } /* Compose the output array. */ *out='['; ptr=out+1;*ptr=0; for (i=0;i<numentries;i++) { tmplen=strlen(entries[i]);memcpy(ptr,entries[i],tmplen);ptr+=tmplen; if (i!=numentries-1) {*ptr++=',';if(fmt)*ptr++=' ';*ptr=0;} cJSON_free(entries[i]); } cJSON_free(entries); *ptr++=']';*ptr++=0; } return out; } /* Build an object from the text. */ static const char *parse_object(cJSON *item,const char *value) { cJSON *child; if (*value!='{') {ep=value;return 0;} /* not an object! */ item->type=cJSON_Object; value=skip(value+1); if (*value=='}') return value+1; /* empty array. */ item->child=child=cJSON_New_Item(); if (!item->child) return 0; value=skip(parse_string(child,skip(value))); if (!value) return 0; child->string=child->valuestring;child->valuestring=0; if (*value!=':') {ep=value;return 0;} /* fail! */ value=skip(parse_value(child,skip(value+1))); /* skip any spacing, get the value. */ if (!value) return 0; while (*value==',') { cJSON *new_item; if (!(new_item=cJSON_New_Item())) return 0; /* memory fail */ child->next=new_item;new_item->prev=child;child=new_item; value=skip(parse_string(child,skip(value+1))); if (!value) return 0; child->string=child->valuestring;child->valuestring=0; if (*value!=':') {ep=value;return 0;} /* fail! */ value=skip(parse_value(child,skip(value+1))); /* skip any spacing, get the value. */ if (!value) return 0; } if (*value=='}') return value+1; /* end of array */ ep=value;return 0; /* malformed. */ } /* Render an object to text. */ static char *print_object(cJSON *item,int depth,int fmt,printbuffer *p) { char **entries=0,**names=0; char *out=0,*ptr,*ret,*str;int len=7,i=0,j; cJSON *child=item->child; int numentries=0,fail=0; size_t tmplen=0; /* Count the number of entries. */ while (child) numentries++,child=child->next; /* Explicitly handle empty object case */ if (!numentries) { if (p) out=ensure(p,fmt?depth+4:3); else out=(char*)cJSON_malloc(fmt?depth+4:3); if (!out) return 0; ptr=out;*ptr++='{'; if (fmt) {*ptr++='\n';for (i=0;i<depth-1;i++) *ptr++='\t';} *ptr++='}';*ptr++=0; return out; } if (p) { /* Compose the output: */ i=p->offset; len=fmt?2:1; ptr=ensure(p,len+1); if (!ptr) return 0; *ptr++='{'; if (fmt) *ptr++='\n'; *ptr=0; p->offset+=len; child=item->child;depth++; while (child) { if (fmt) { ptr=ensure(p,depth); if (!ptr) return 0; for (j=0;j<depth;j++) *ptr++='\t'; p->offset+=depth; } print_string_ptr(child->string,p); p->offset=update(p); len=fmt?2:1; ptr=ensure(p,len); if (!ptr) return 0; *ptr++=':';if (fmt) *ptr++='\t'; p->offset+=len; print_value(child,depth,fmt,p); p->offset=update(p); len=(fmt?1:0)+(child->next?1:0); ptr=ensure(p,len+1); if (!ptr) return 0; if (child->next) *ptr++=','; if (fmt) *ptr++='\n';*ptr=0; p->offset+=len; child=child->next; } ptr=ensure(p,fmt?(depth+1):2); if (!ptr) return 0; if (fmt) for (i=0;i<depth-1;i++) *ptr++='\t'; *ptr++='}';*ptr=0; out=(p->buffer)+i; } else { /* Allocate space for the names and the objects */ entries=(char**)cJSON_malloc(numentries*sizeof(char*)); if (!entries) return 0; names=(char**)cJSON_malloc(numentries*sizeof(char*)); if (!names) {cJSON_free(entries);return 0;} memset(entries,0,sizeof(char*)*numentries); memset(names,0,sizeof(char*)*numentries); /* Collect all the results into our arrays: */ child=item->child;depth++;if (fmt) len+=depth; while (child && !fail) { names[i]=str=print_string_ptr(child->string,0); entries[i++]=ret=print_value(child,depth,fmt,0); if (str && ret) len+=strlen(ret)+strlen(str)+2+(fmt?2+depth:0); else fail=1; child=child->next; } /* Try to allocate the output string */ if (!fail) out=(char*)cJSON_malloc(len); if (!out) fail=1; /* Handle failure */ if (fail) { for (i=0;i<numentries;i++) {if (names[i]) cJSON_free(names[i]);if (entries[i]) cJSON_free(entries[i]);} cJSON_free(names);cJSON_free(entries); return 0; } /* Compose the output: */ *out='{';ptr=out+1;if (fmt)*ptr++='\n';*ptr=0; for (i=0;i<numentries;i++) { if (fmt) for (j=0;j<depth;j++) *ptr++='\t'; tmplen=strlen(names[i]);memcpy(ptr,names[i],tmplen);ptr+=tmplen; *ptr++=':';if (fmt) *ptr++='\t'; strcpy(ptr,entries[i]);ptr+=strlen(entries[i]); if (i!=numentries-1) *ptr++=','; if (fmt) *ptr++='\n';*ptr=0; cJSON_free(names[i]);cJSON_free(entries[i]); } cJSON_free(names);cJSON_free(entries); if (fmt) for (i=0;i<depth-1;i++) *ptr++='\t'; *ptr++='}';*ptr++=0; } return out; } /* Get Array size/item / object item. */ int cJSON_GetArraySize(cJSON *array) {cJSON *c=array->child;int i=0;while(c)i++,c=c->next;return i;} cJSON *cJSON_GetArrayItem(cJSON *array,int item) {cJSON *c=array->child; while (c && item>0) item--,c=c->next; return c;} cJSON *cJSON_GetObjectItem(cJSON *object,const char *string) {cJSON *c=object->child; while (c && cJSON_strcasecmp(c->string,string)) c=c->next; return c;} int cJSON_HasObjectItem(cJSON *object,const char *string) { cJSON *c=object->child; while (c ) { if(cJSON_strcasecmp(c->string,string)==0){ return 1; } c=c->next; } return 0; } /* Utility for array list handling. */ static void suffix_object(cJSON *prev,cJSON *item) {prev->next=item;item->prev=prev;} /* Utility for handling references. */ static cJSON *create_reference(cJSON *item) {cJSON *ref=cJSON_New_Item();if (!ref) return 0;memcpy(ref,item,sizeof(cJSON));ref->string=0;ref->type|=cJSON_IsReference;ref->next=ref->prev=0;return ref;} /* Add item to array/object. */ void cJSON_AddItemToArray(cJSON *array, cJSON *item) {cJSON *c=array->child;if (!item) return; if (!c) {array->child=item;} else {while (c && c->next) c=c->next; suffix_object(c,item);}} void cJSON_AddItemToObject(cJSON *object,const char *string,cJSON *item) {if (!item) return; if (item->string) cJSON_free(item->string);item->string=cJSON_strdup(string);cJSON_AddItemToArray(object,item);} void cJSON_AddItemToObjectCS(cJSON *object,const char *string,cJSON *item) {if (!item) return; if (!(item->type&cJSON_StringIsConst) && item->string) cJSON_free(item->string);item->string=(char*)string;item->type|=cJSON_StringIsConst;cJSON_AddItemToArray(object,item);} void cJSON_AddItemReferenceToArray(cJSON *array, cJSON *item) {cJSON_AddItemToArray(array,create_reference(item));} void cJSON_AddItemReferenceToObject(cJSON *object,const char *string,cJSON *item) {cJSON_AddItemToObject(object,string,create_reference(item));} cJSON *cJSON_DetachItemFromArray(cJSON *array,int which) {cJSON *c=array->child;while (c && which>0) c=c->next,which--;if (!c) return 0; if (c->prev) c->prev->next=c->next;if (c->next) c->next->prev=c->prev;if (c==array->child) array->child=c->next;c->prev=c->next=0;return c;} void cJSON_DeleteItemFromArray(cJSON *array,int which) {cJSON_Delete(cJSON_DetachItemFromArray(array,which));} cJSON *cJSON_DetachItemFromObject(cJSON *object,const char *string) {int i=0;cJSON *c=object->child;while (c && cJSON_strcasecmp(c->string,string)) i++,c=c->next;if (c) return cJSON_DetachItemFromArray(object,i);return 0;} void cJSON_DeleteItemFromObject(cJSON *object,const char *string) {cJSON_Delete(cJSON_DetachItemFromObject(object,string));} /* Replace array/object items with new ones. */ void cJSON_InsertItemInArray(cJSON *array,int which,cJSON *newitem) {cJSON *c=array->child;while (c && which>0) c=c->next,which--;if (!c) {cJSON_AddItemToArray(array,newitem);return;} newitem->next=c;newitem->prev=c->prev;c->prev=newitem;if (c==array->child) array->child=newitem; else newitem->prev->next=newitem;} void cJSON_ReplaceItemInArray(cJSON *array,int which,cJSON *newitem) {cJSON *c=array->child;while (c && which>0) c=c->next,which--;if (!c) return; newitem->next=c->next;newitem->prev=c->prev;if (newitem->next) newitem->next->prev=newitem; if (c==array->child) array->child=newitem; else newitem->prev->next=newitem;c->next=c->prev=0;cJSON_Delete(c);} void cJSON_ReplaceItemInObject(cJSON *object,const char *string,cJSON *newitem){int i=0;cJSON *c=object->child;while(c && cJSON_strcasecmp(c->string,string))i++,c=c->next;if(c){newitem->string=cJSON_strdup(string);cJSON_ReplaceItemInArray(object,i,newitem);}} /* Create basic types: */ cJSON *cJSON_CreateNull(void) {cJSON *item=cJSON_New_Item();if(item)item->type=cJSON_NULL;return item;} cJSON *cJSON_CreateTrue(void) {cJSON *item=cJSON_New_Item();if(item)item->type=cJSON_True;return item;} cJSON *cJSON_CreateFalse(void) {cJSON *item=cJSON_New_Item();if(item)item->type=cJSON_False;return item;} cJSON *cJSON_CreateBool(int b) {cJSON *item=cJSON_New_Item();if(item)item->type=b?cJSON_True:cJSON_False;return item;} cJSON *cJSON_CreateNumber(double num) {cJSON *item=cJSON_New_Item();if(item){item->type=cJSON_Number;item->valuedouble=num;item->valueint=(int)num;}return item;} cJSON *cJSON_CreateString(const char *string) {cJSON *item=cJSON_New_Item();if(item){item->type=cJSON_String;item->valuestring=cJSON_strdup(string);}return item;} cJSON *cJSON_CreateArray(void) {cJSON *item=cJSON_New_Item();if(item)item->type=cJSON_Array;return item;} cJSON *cJSON_CreateObject(void) {cJSON *item=cJSON_New_Item();if(item)item->type=cJSON_Object;return item;} /* Create Arrays: */ cJSON *cJSON_CreateIntArray(const int *numbers,int count) {int i;cJSON *n=0,*p=0,*a=cJSON_CreateArray();for(i=0;a && i<count;i++){n=cJSON_CreateNumber(numbers[i]);if(!i)a->child=n;else suffix_object(p,n);p=n;}return a;} cJSON *cJSON_CreateFloatArray(const float *numbers,int count) {int i;cJSON *n=0,*p=0,*a=cJSON_CreateArray();for(i=0;a && i<count;i++){n=cJSON_CreateNumber(numbers[i]);if(!i)a->child=n;else suffix_object(p,n);p=n;}return a;} cJSON *cJSON_CreateDoubleArray(const double *numbers,int count) {int i;cJSON *n=0,*p=0,*a=cJSON_CreateArray();for(i=0;a && i<count;i++){n=cJSON_CreateNumber(numbers[i]);if(!i)a->child=n;else suffix_object(p,n);p=n;}return a;} cJSON *cJSON_CreateStringArray(const char **strings,int count) {int i;cJSON *n=0,*p=0,*a=cJSON_CreateArray();for(i=0;a && i<count;i++){n=cJSON_CreateString(strings[i]);if(!i)a->child=n;else suffix_object(p,n);p=n;}return a;} /* Duplication */ cJSON *cJSON_Duplicate(cJSON *item,int recurse) { cJSON *newitem,*cptr,*nptr=0,*newchild; /* Bail on bad ptr */ if (!item) return 0; /* Create new item */ newitem=cJSON_New_Item(); if (!newitem) return 0; /* Copy over all vars */ newitem->type=item->type&(~cJSON_IsReference),newitem->valueint=item->valueint,newitem->valuedouble=item->valuedouble; if (item->valuestring) {newitem->valuestring=cJSON_strdup(item->valuestring); if (!newitem->valuestring) {cJSON_Delete(newitem);return 0;}} if (item->string) {newitem->string=cJSON_strdup(item->string); if (!newitem->string) {cJSON_Delete(newitem);return 0;}} /* If non-recursive, then we're done! */ if (!recurse) return newitem; /* Walk the ->next chain for the child. */ cptr=item->child; while (cptr) { newchild=cJSON_Duplicate(cptr,1); /* Duplicate (with recurse) each item in the ->next chain */ if (!newchild) {cJSON_Delete(newitem);return 0;} if (nptr) {nptr->next=newchild,newchild->prev=nptr;nptr=newchild;} /* If newitem->child already set, then crosswire ->prev and ->next and move on */ else {newitem->child=newchild;nptr=newchild;} /* Set newitem->child and move to it */ cptr=cptr->next; } return newitem; } void cJSON_Minify(char *json) { char *into=json; while (*json) { if (*json==' ') json++; else if (*json=='\t') json++; /* Whitespace characters. */ else if (*json=='\r') json++; else if (*json=='\n') json++; else if (*json=='/' && json[1]=='/') while (*json && *json!='\n') json++; /* double-slash comments, to end of line. */ else if (*json=='/' && json[1]=='*') {while (*json && !(*json=='*' && json[1]=='/')) json++;json+=2;} /* multiline comments. */ else if (*json=='\"'){*into++=*json++;while (*json && *json!='\"'){if (*json=='\\') *into++=*json++;*into++=*json++;}*into++=*json++;} /* string literals, which are \" sensitive. */ else *into++=*json++; /* All other characters. */ } *into=0; /* and null-terminate. */ } #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <cJSON.h> // 引入 cJSON 头文件 #include "MQTTClient.h" #define ADDRESS "tcp://192.168.12.53:1883" #define CLIENTID "C_Subscriber" #define TOPIC "control/led" // 必须和 Qt 发送的主题一致! #define QOS 1 #define TIMEOUT 10000L volatile MQTTClient_deliveryToken deliveredtoken; void delivered(void *context, MQTTClient_deliveryToken dt) { printf("Message with token %d confirmed\n", dt); deliveredtoken = dt; } void connlost(void *context, char *cause) { printf("Connection lost: %s\n", cause); } int msgarrvd(void *context, char *topicName, int topicLen, MQTTClient_message *message) { // 提取 payload char* payload = (char*)message->payload; int len = message->payloadlen; printf("【消息到达】\n"); printf(" 主题: %.*s\n", topicLen, topicName); printf(" 内容: %.*s\n", len, payload); // 将 payload 转为以 '\0' 结尾的字符串用于解析 JSON char* jsonStr = (char*)malloc(len + 1); if (!jsonStr) { printf("内存分配失败\n"); goto cleanup; } memcpy(jsonStr, payload, len); jsonStr[len] = '\0'; // 解析 JSON cJSON *root = cJSON_Parse(jsonStr); if (!root) { printf("JSON 解析失败: %s\n", cJSON_GetErrorPtr()); free(jsonStr); goto cleanup; } cJSON *device = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "device"); cJSON *status = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "status"); if (device && cJSON_IsString(device) && status && cJSON_IsString(status)) { if (strcmp(device->valuestring, "led") == 0) { if (strcmp(status->valuestring, "on") == 0) { printf("✅ 操作执行:LED 已开启\n"); } else if (strcmp(status->valuestring, "off") == 0) { printf("🛑 操作执行:LED 已关闭\n"); } else { printf("⚠️ 未知状态: %s\n", status->valuestring); } } else { printf("💡 设备不支持: %s\n", device->valuestring); } } else { printf("❌ JSON 缺少必要字段 (device/status)\n"); } cJSON_Delete(root); // 释放 cJSON 对象 free(jsonStr); cleanup: MQTTClient_freeMessage(&message); MQTTClient_free(topicName); return 1; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { MQTTClient client; MQTTClient_connectOptions conn_opts = MQTTClient_connectOptions_initializer; int rc; int ch; // 创建客户端(注意 persistence 设置为 NULL) MQTTClient_create(&client, ADDRESS, CLIENTID, MQTTCLIENT_PERSISTENCE_NONE, NULL); conn_opts.keepAliveInterval = 20; conn_opts.cleansession = 1; // 注册回调函数 MQTTClient_setCallbacks(client, NULL, connlost, msgarrvd, delivered); // 连接 Broker if ((rc = MQTTClient_connect(client, &conn_opts)) != MQTTCLIENT_SUCCESS) { printf("连接失败,返回码: %d\n", rc); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("正在订阅主题: %s\n", TOPIC); printf("等待来自 Qt 的 LED 控制指令...\n"); printf("按 Q + Enter 退出程序\n\n"); // 订阅主题 MQTTClient_subscribe(client, TOPIC, QOS); // 等待用户输入 Q 退出 do { ch = getchar(); } while(ch != 'Q' && ch != 'q'); // 清理资源 MQTTClient_unsubscribe(client, TOPIC); MQTTClient_disconnect(client, TIMEOUT); MQTTClient_destroy(&client); return rc; } 这样写对吗
11-01
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