DenseNet--Densely Connected Convolutional Networks

Compelling advantages

• alleviate the vanishing-gradient problem
• strengthen feature propagation
• encourage feature reuse
• substantially reduce the number of parameters.
• requires fewer parameters
• no need to relearn redundant feature-maps
• observe that dense connections have a regularizing effect, which reduces overfitting on tasks with smaller training set sizes
• easy to train
• *

Contributions

• maximum information flow between layers in the network, we connect all layers (with matching feature-map sizes) directly with each other.
• we never combine features through summation before they are passed into a layer; instead, we combine features by concatenating them.

Architecture

Methods

• identity function (may impede the information flow in the network)
  
• Dense connectivity
  
• Composite function
  at lth composite layer: BN –> ReLU–>3 x 3 Conv
• Pooling layers
  1 x 1 conv –> 2 x 2 average pooling
• Growth rate
  lth layer has k0 + k ×(l −1)
• Bottleneck layers
  1×1 convolution can be introduced as bottleneck layer before each 3×3 convolution to reduce the number of input feature-maps, and thus to improve computational efficiency

Experiments

Others

• ResNet: each layer reads the state from its preceding layer and writes to the subsequent layer. It changes the state but also passes on information that needs to be preserved. ResNets [11] make this information preservation explicit through additive identity transformations.
• stochastic depth was proposed as a way to successfully train a 1202-layer ResNet [13]. Stochastic depth improves the training of deep residual networks by dropping layers randomly during training.