Given a binary tree
struct TreeLinkNode {
TreeLinkNode *left;
TreeLinkNode *right;
TreeLinkNode *next;
}
Populate each next pointer to point to its next right node. If there is no next right node, the next pointer should be set to NULL.
Initially, all next pointers are set to NULL.
Note:
- You may only use constant extra space.
- You may assume that it is a perfect binary tree (ie, all leaves are at the same level, and every parent has two children).
For example,
Given the following perfect binary tree,
1
/ \
2 3
/ \ / \
4 5 6 7
After calling your function, the tree should look like:
1 -> NULL
/ \
2 -> 3 -> NULL
/ \ / \
4->5->6->7 -> NULL
解题思路
输入是一个满二叉树(perfect binary tree)。
思路一:利用一个队列(Queue)对二叉树进行层次遍历,在遍历过程中将同一层的节点通过 next 之间链接起来。但是所需空间不是 constant extra space。
思路二:递归进行深度优先搜索。但是递归是需要额外的栈空间的,所需空间不是 constant extra space。代码如下:
/**
* Definition for binary tree with next pointer->
* struct TreeLinkNode {
* int val;
* TreeLinkNode *left, *right, *next;
* TreeLinkNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL), next(NULL) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
void connect(TreeLinkNode *root) {
if (root == NULL) return;
if (root->left != NULL) {
root->left->next = root->right;
}
if(root->right != NULL && root->next != NULL) {
root->right->next = root->next->left;
}
connect(root->left);
connect(root->right);
}
};
思路三:借用 next 指针,做到不需要队列就能完成广度优先搜索(BFS):如果当前层所有结点的 next 指针已经设置好了,那么据此,下一层所有结点的 next 指针也可以依次被设置。代码如下:
/**
* Definition for binary tree with next pointer.
* struct TreeLinkNode {
* int val;
* TreeLinkNode *left, *right, *next;
* TreeLinkNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL), next(NULL) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
void connect(TreeLinkNode *root) {
while (root != NULL) {
if (root->left == NULL) return;
TreeLinkNode *p = root;
while (p != NULL) {
p->left->next = p->right;
if (p->next != NULL) {
p->right->next = p->next->left;
}
p = p->next;
}
root = root->left;
}
}
};
满二叉树的层次遍历及next指针优化
本文介绍了如何使用next指针在满二叉树中实现层次遍历,避免了使用额外的队列空间。通过递归和迭代两种方式,实现了满二叉树中节点之间的连接,并在不改变原有树结构的情况下优化了空间复杂度。
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