软件测试复习

Introduction

Bug

• Code:
  
  1. Defect
  2. Fault
  3. Error
  4. Failure
  5. Problem
  6. Incident
  7. Anomaly(异常)
  8. Variance
  9. Failure
• Requirement:
  
  1. Inconsistency
  2. Product Anomaly
  3. Product Incidence
  4. Feature

Source of Problems

开发主线：
1. Requirements Definition: Erroneous, incomplete, inconsistent requirements
2. Design: Fundamental design flaws in the software
3. Implementation: Mistakes in programming faults, malicious code.
支线：
4. Support Systems: Poor programming languages, faulty compliers and debuggers, misleading development tools
5. Inadequate Testing of Software: Incomplete testing, poor verification, mistakes in debugging
6. Evolution: Sloppy redevelopment or maintenance, introduction of new flaws in attempts to fix old flaws, incremental escalation to inordinate complexity.

Bug发生的情况

• 需求要做的东西软件没有完成(The software does not do something that specification says it should do.)
• 需求不要求做得东西软件完成了(The software does something that specification says it should not do.)
• 需求没有提到的东西软件完成了(The softwaer does something that the specification does not mention.)
• 需求没有提到但是必须的东西软件没有完成(The software does not do something that the specification does not mention but should)
• 软件难于理解，使用，很慢．．．(difficult to understant, hard to use, slow…)

Bugs来源

55% specification, 25% Design, 15% Code, 5% Other.

The Software Development Process

TDD - Test-Driven Development

软件测试模型

1. V模型
   需求分析－＞规格说明书－＞概要设计－＞详细设计－＞编码－＞单元测试－＞集成测试－＞系统测试－＞验收测试
   

2. W模型
   测试伴随每一个阶段
   需求分析－＞概要设计－＞详细设计－＞编码－