springboot运行原理
1、启动器
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency>
springboot-boot-starter:就是springboot的场景启动器。springboot将所有的功能场景都抽取出来,做成一个个的starter,只需要在项目中引入这些starter即可,所有相关的依赖都会导入进来,根据公司业务需求决定导入什么启动器即可。
2、主程序
package com.mashibing; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; //SpringBootApplication注解用来标注一个主程序类,说明是一个springboot应用 @SpringBootApplication public class StudyApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(StudyApplication.class, args); } }
查看@SpringBootApplication
/* @ComponentScan:自动扫描并加载符合条件的组件或者bean,将这个bean定义加载到IOC容器中 @SpringBootConfiguration:标注在某个类上,表示这是一个springboot的配置类。 @EnableAutoConfiguration:开启自动配置功能,之前在使用springboot的时候,springboot可以自动帮我们完成配置功能,@EnableAutoConfiguration告诉springboot开启自动配置功能,这样自动配置才能生效 */ @Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @SpringBootConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration @ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class), @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) }) public @interface SpringBootApplication {}
/* 可以看到SpringBootConfiguration使用了Configuration注解来标注 */ @Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Configuration public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {}
/* 可以看到Configuration也是容器中的一个组件 */ @Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Component public @interface Configuration {}
/* @AutoConfigurationPackage:自动配置包 @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class):导入哪些组件的选择器,它将所有需要导入的组件以全类名的方式返回,这些组件就会被添加到容器中,它会给容器中导入非常多的自动配置类,就是给容器中导入这个场景需要的所有组件,并配置好这些组件 */ @Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @AutoConfigurationPackage @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {}
/* 给容器导入一个组件,导入的组件由AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class将主配置类(@SpringBootApplication标注的类)的所在包及包下面所有子包里面的所有组件扫描到spring容器 */ @Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class) public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {}
/* 在AutoConfigurationImportSelector类中有如下方法,可以看到 */ protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) { List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader()); Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you " + "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct."); return configurations; } /* 此时返回的就是启动自动导入配置文件的注解类 */ protected Class<?> getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass() { return EnableAutoConfiguration.class; } //进入SpringFactoriesLoader类中 /* 看到会读取对应的配置文件,位置在META-INF/spring.factories中 */ public final class SpringFactoriesLoader { /** * The location to look for factories. * <p>Can be present in multiple JAR files. */ public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";} //进入loadFactoryNames方法中 public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) { String factoryTypeName = factoryType.getName(); return loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefault(factoryTypeName, Collections.emptyList()); } private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) { MultiValueMap<String, String> result = cache.get(classLoader); if (result != null) { return result; } try { Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) : ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION)); result = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>(); while (urls.hasMoreElements()) { URL url = urls.nextElement(); UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url); Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource); for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) { String factoryTypeName = ((String) entry.getKey()).trim(); for (String factoryImplementationName : StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue())) { result.add(factoryTypeName, factoryImplementationName.trim()); } } } cache.put(classLoader, result); return result; } catch (IOException ex) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" + FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex); } }
springboot在启动的时候从类路径下的META-INF/spring.factories中获取EnableAutoConfiguration指定的值,将这些值作为自动配置类导入容器,自动配置类就生效,帮我们进行自动配置的工作:spring.factories文件位于springboot-autoconfigure.jar包中。
所以真正实现是从classpath中搜寻所有的META-INF/spring.factories配置文件,并将其中对应org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.包下的配置项通过反射实例化为对应标注了@Configuration的JavaConfig形式的IOC容器配置类,然后将这些都汇总称为一个实例并加载到IOC容器中。