$goods = \app\common\model\Goods::with('goods_images,spec_goods')->find($id);
$goods['spec_goods']=(new \think\Collection($goods['spec_goods']))->toArray();
$value_ids = array_unique(explode('_', implode('_', array_column($goods['spec_goods'], 'value_ids'))));
可以先将查询到的数据转换成数组