float 不能用==,>=,<=

本文探讨了浮点数比较的问题,特别是在C语言中使用float类型时。由于浮点数的不精确性,直接使用==进行比较往往不可靠。文章推荐使用绝对值差小于一个极小阈值的方法来判断两个浮点数是否相等。

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因为如果a与b差不多时,得出的是大于呢?还是小于?
所以只能用abs(a-b)<=0.0000001,来判断a是否等于b,



参考:c语言中float为什么不能直接用==与0比较

Floating point math is not exact. Simple values like 0.2 cannot be precisely represented using binary floating point numbers, and the limited precision of floating point numbers means that slight changes in the order of operations can change the result. Different compilers and CPU architectures store temporary results at different precisions, so results will differ depending on the details of your environment. If you do a calculation and then compare the results against some expected value it is highly unlikely that you will get exactly the result you intended.

 

In other words, if you do a calculation and then do this comparison:

if (result == expectedResult)

then it is unlikely that the comparison will be true. If the comparison is true then it is probably unstable – tiny changes in the input values, compiler, or CPU may change the result and make the comparison be false.

http://www.cygnus-software.com/papers/comparingfloats/comparingfloats.htm


#include"iostream" using namespace std; class Shape { public: virtual float area()const { return 0.0; } virtual float volume()const { return 0.0; } virtual void shapeName()const = 0; }; class Point :public Shape { protected: float x, y; public: Point(float = 0, float = 0); void setPoint(float, float); float getX()const { return x;} float getY()const { return y; } virtual void shapeName()const { cout << "Point: ";} friend ostream & operator<<(ostream&, const Point &); }; Point::Point(float a, float b) { x = a; y = b; } void Point::setPoint(float a, float b) { x = a; y = b; } ostream & operator<<(ostream &output, const Point &p) { return output; } class Circle:public Point { public: Circle(float x = 0,float y = 0,float r = 0); void setRadius(float); float getRadius() const; virtual float area() const; virtual void shapeName() const { cout << "Circle:"; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &, const Circle &); protected: float radius; }; Circle::Circle(float a, float b, float r) : Point(a, b),radius(r) {} void Circle::setRadius(float r) {radius = r;} float Circle::getRadius() const { return radius; } float Circle::area() const { return 3.14159 * radius * radius; } ostream &operator<<(ostream &output,const Circle &c) { output << "[" << c.x << "," << c.y << "],r=" << c.radius; return output; } class Cylinder : public Circle { public: Cylinder(float x = 0, float y = 0, float r = 0, float h = 0); void setHeight(float); virtual float area() const; virtual float volume() const; virtual void shapeName() const { cout<<"Cylinder:"; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &, const Cylinder&); protected: float height; }; Cylinder::Cylinder(float a, float b, float r, float h): Circle(a, b, r), height(h) {} void Cylinder::setHeight(float h) { height = h; } float Cylinder :: area() const{return 2 * Circle::area() + 2 * 3.14159 * radius * height;} float Cylinder :: volume() const { return Circle::area() * height; } ostream &operator << (ostream &output, const Cylinder& cy) { output << "[" << cy.x << "," << cy.y << "],r=" << cy.radius << ",h=" << cy.height; return output; } int main() { Point point(3.2, 4.5); Circle circle(2.4, 1.2, 5.6); Cylinder cylinder(3.5, 6.4, 5.2, 10.5); point.shapeName(); cout << point<<endl; circle.shapeName(); cout<< circle << endl; cylinder.shapeName(); cout << cylinder << endl << endl; Shape * pt; pt = &point; pt->shapeName(); cout << "x=" << point.getX() << ",y=" << point.getY() << "\narea=" << pt->area() << "\nvolume=" << pt->volume() << "\n\n"; pt = &circle; pt->shapeName(); cout << "x=" << circle.getX() << ",y=" << circle.getY() << "\narea=" << pt->area() << "\nvolume=" << pt->volume() << "\n\n"; pt=&cylinder; pt->shapeName(); cout << "x=" << cylinder.getX() << ",y=" << cylinder.getY() << "\narea=" << pt->area() << "\nvolume=" << pt->volume() << "\n\n"; return 0; }为什么第一个Point不能输出数据
05-22
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