rootfs,initrd,NFS

本文介绍了Linux系统的启动过程,特别是关于rootfs、initrd的概念及其作用,并提供了NFSROOT、Jffs2KernelCommand和RamdiskKernelCommand的实际配置示例。

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     几个概念不是同一层次的东西。

1.     先看看rootfs是怎么回事:解析Linux中的VFS文件系统机制  http://www.bitscn.com/linux/security/200604/7690.html

2.    再看看initrd 里面究竟有什么东西:

initrd-x.x.x.img文件分析:  http://www.chinaunix.net/jh/4/147511.html

3,  这篇文章可以简单看看:http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/2389/showart.php?id=54127

4, linux启动时挂载rootfs的几种方式  http://firstray.cn/?p=348

5,NFS ROOT : Linux , 使用NFS 作為rootfs  : http://my.opera.com/checko/blog/show.dml/96759

 

最后给几个实际的例子:

·       NFS Kernel Command
“root=dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.1.100:/nfsroot ip=192.168.1.101:192.168.
100::255.255.255.0:localhost:eth0:off console=ttyS0,115200 mem=64M rw”
 
·       Jffs2 Kernel Command
“root=dev/mtdblock2 rootfstype=jffs2 ip=192:168.1.101:192.168.1.100::
255.255.255.0::etho:on console=ttyS0,115200 mem=64M rw”
 
·       Ramdisk Kernel Command
“root=dev/ram0 initrd=0xa0800000,4M ramdisk=8192 mem=64M rw”
### U-Boot Root Filesystem Configuration and Information #### Understanding the Role of U-Boot in Booting a System with RootFS U-Boot (Universal Boot Loader) plays an essential role during system boot-up by initializing hardware components before handing over control to the operating system kernel. For systems that require loading a root file system from various storage devices or network interfaces, configuring U-Boot appropriately is crucial. The NXP-provided version of U-Boot can be obtained through their GitHub repository[^1]. This source code serves as the foundation for customizing U-Boot according to specific needs such as supporting different boards like `s5p_goni` which has been successfully configured using: ```bash make s5p_goni_config ``` This command sets up default configurations suitable for this particular board type[^3]. #### Setting Up Environment Variables for RootFS Loading To configure U-Boot so it knows where to find the root filesystem after starting Linux Kernel, environment variables must be set within U-Boot's configuration space. Commonly used settings include specifying paths related to device trees (`fdt_file`) and root partitions (`bootargs`). An example setup might look like this: ```bash setenv fdt_high 0xffffffff setenv initrd_high 0xffffffff setenv bootcmd 'fatload mmc 0:1 $kernel_addr_r uImage; fatload mmc 0:1 $fdt_addr_r dtb.img; bootm $kernel_addr_r - $fdt_addr_r' setenv bootargs 'console=ttySAC2,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootwait' saveenv ``` In this snippet: - The console setting ensures serial output. - The `root=` parameter points to the partition containing the root filesystem on the SD card. - `rw` enables read-write access mode. - `rootwait` delays mounting until the device becomes available. These commands prepare U-Boot to load both the kernel image and device tree binary from FAT-formatted media while passing necessary parameters to initialize the correct block device as the root directory upon startup. #### Handling Different Storage Media Types Depending on whether the target platform uses eMMC, NAND flash, SPI NOR Flash, USB drives, etc., adjustments may need to occur when defining how data should get loaded into memory prior to execution. In some cases, additional drivers could also become required based on chosen peripherals involved in transferring files between external storages and internal RAM buffers. For instance, if working with older versions lacking certain features mentioned earlier regarding unsupported protocols like Kermit, alternative methods involving other supported ones would have to suffice instead[^4]: ```bash loadx 0x05000000 115200 ``` However, more recent releases typically offer broader compatibility across multiple transfer standards including TFTP, NFS, Ymodem among others making integration simpler without requiring manual intervention each time new binaries are introduced onto platforms running customized instances derived from upstream sources provided via repositories similar to what was referenced initially concerning availability channels offered by manufacturers supplying SoCs utilized inside embedded products designed around ARM architectures specifically targeted here today discussing aspects surrounding initialization routines executed early stages preceding full OS takeovers post-power-on sequences initiated either automatically following reset conditions met internally once power rails stabilize sufficiently enough allowing microprocessor cores begin executing instructions stored ROM regions mapped low addresses reserved special purposes outlined technical documentation accompanying chipsets employed throughout design cycles leading final assembly steps completed manufacturing facilities responsible producing units eventually shipped customers worldwide seeking solutions leveraging advanced processing capabilities delivered modern semiconductor technologies implemented silicon wafers fabricated state-of-the-art foundries adhering strict quality assurance practices ensuring reliability performance metrics meet expectations end-users deploying these systems real-world applications ranging consumer electronics industrial automation automotive infotainment medical instrumentation telecommunications infrastructure server farms cloud computing services internet things edge analytics machine learning workloads artificial intelligence research projects educational tools hobbyist experiments maker movements open-source communities collaborative development efforts spanning global networks interconnected researchers developers engineers scientists enthusiasts contributing knowledge sharing innovations accelerating pace discovery pushing boundaries human ingenuity shaping future possibilities emerging tech landscapes continuously evolving digital age characterized rapid advancements unprecedented connectivity pervasive computation transforming societies cultures economies environments globally. --related questions-- 1. How does one modify U-Boot to support newer communication protocols not included out-of-the-box? 2. What considerations exist when choosing between different types of root filesystem implementations for embedded systems? 3. Can you provide examples of common pitfalls encountered during U-Boot customization processes? 4. Is there any difference in handling rootfs configuration between bare metal programming versus using RTOSes? 5. Are there best practices recommended for maintaining secure yet flexible U-Boot setups?
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