Hibernate è½å¤æ»¡è¶³æä»¬çéªè¯éæ±

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本文介绍如何使用Hibernate验证注解进行数据验证，包括Hibernate Doclet、Hibernate Annotations及Spring MVC中的应用。

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æå± Tomcat åºç¨

ä¸è½½ IBM å¼æº J2EE åºç¨æå¡å¨ WAS CE æ°çæ¬ V1.1

çº§å«: ä¸çº§

Ted Bergeron (ted@triview.com), åä½åå§äºº, Triview, Inc.

2006 å¹´ 10 æ 10 æ¥

å°½ç®¡å¨ Web åºç¨ç¨åºä¸å°½å¯è½å¤çå±æ¬¡ä¸æå»ºæ°æ®éªè¯éå¸¸éè¦ï¼ä½æ¯è¿æ ·åå´éå¸¸èæ¶ï¼ä»¥è³äºå¾å¤å¼åäººåé½ä¼å¹²èå¿½ç¥è¿ä¸ªæ¥éª¤ ââ è¿å¯è½ä¼å¯¼è´ä»åå¤§éé®é¢çäº§çãä½æ¯éçææ°çæ¬ç Java å¹³å°ä¸å¼å¥äºæ³¨éï¼éªè¯åå¾ç®åå¾å¤äºãå¨æ¬æä¸ï¼Ted Bergeron å°åæ¨ä»ç»å¦ä½ä½¿ç¨ Hibernate Annotations ç Validator ç»ä»¶å¨ Web åºç¨ç¨åºä¸è½»æ¾æå»ºå¹¶ç»´æ¤éªè¯é»è¾ã

å¼å§ä¹åéè¦äºè§£çåå®¹

æ¸å 1. ä½¿ç¨ HibernateDoclet ç Hibernate æ å°ä»£ç

/**
 * @hibernate.property column="NAME" length="60" not-null="true"
 */
public String getName() {
    return this.name;
}

/**
 * @hibernate.many-to-one column="AGENT_ID" not-null="true" cascade="none" 
 *                        outer-join="false" lazy="true"
 */
public Agent getAgent() {
    return agent;
}
/**
 * @hibernate.set lazy="true" inverse="true" cascade="all" table="DEPARTMENT" 
 * @hibernate.collection-one-to-many class="com.triview.model.Department"
 * @hibernate.collection-key column="DEPARTMENT_ID" not-null="true"
 */
public List<Department> getDepartment() {
    return department;
}

æ¸å 2. ä½¿ç¨ Hibernate Annotations ç Hibernate æ å°ä»£ç

@NotNull
@Column(name = "name")
@Length(min = 1, max = NAME_LENGTH) // NAME_LENGTH is a constant declared elsewhere
public String getName() {
    return name;
}

@NotNull
@ManyToOne(cascade = {CascadeType.MERGE }, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@JoinColumn(name = "agent_id")
public Agent getAgent() {
    return agent;
}

@OneToMany(mappedBy = "customer", fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
public List<Department> getDepartment() {
    return department;
}

@Max(value = 100)
@Min(value = 0)
@Past
@Future
@Email

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æ´æ° DDL æ¥å¢å¤§æ°æ®åºåçé¿åº¦ï¼éè¿ HibernateDocletã hbm.xml æ Hibernate Annotationsï¼ã
æ´æ° Commons Validator XML æä»¶å°æå¤§å¼å¢å å° 75ã
æ´æ°ææä¸è¿ä¸ªåæå³ç HTML è¡¨åï¼ä»¥ä¿®æ¹ maxlength å±æ§ã

æ¸å 3. éè¿ Hibernate Annotations è¿è¡æ å°çç®åèç³»æ¹å¼

/**
 * A Simplified object that stores contact information.
 *
 * @author Ted Bergeron
 * @version $Id: Contact.java,v 1.1 2006/04/24 03:39:34 ted Exp $
 */
@MappedSuperclass
@Embeddable
public class Contact implements Serializable {
    public static final int MAX_FIRST_NAME = 30;
    public static final int MAX_MIDDLE_NAME = 1;
    public static final int MAX_LAST_NAME = 30;

    private String fname;
    private String mi;
    private String lname;
    private Date dateOfBirth;
    private String emailAddress;

    private Address address;

    public Contact() {
        this.address = new Address();
    }

    @Valid
    @Embedded
    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address a) {
        if (a == null) {
            address = new Address();
        } else {
            address = a;
        }
    }

    @NotNull
    @Length(min = 1, max = MAX_FIRST_NAME)
    @Column(name = "fname")
    public String getFirstname() {
        return fname;
    }

    public void setFirstname(String fname) {
        this.fname = fname;
    }

    @Length(min = 1, max = MAX_MIDDLE_NAME)
    @Column(name = "mi")
    public String getMi() {
        return mi;
    }

    public void setMi(String mi) {
        this.mi = mi;
    }

    @NotNull
    @Length(min = 1, max = MAX_LAST_NAME)
    @Column(name = "lname")
    public String getLastname() {
        return lname;
    }

    public void setLastname(String lname) {
        this.lname = lname;
    }

    @NotNull
    @Past
    @Column(name = "dob")
    public Date getDateOfBirth() {
        return dateOfBirth;
    }

    public void setDateOfBirth(Date dateOfBirth) {
        this.dateOfBirth = dateOfBirth;
    }

    @NotNull
    @Email
    @Column(name = "email")
    public String getEmailAddress() {
        return emailAddress;
    }

    public void setEmailAddress(String emailAddress) {
        this.emailAddress = emailAddress;
    }

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å¯¹æ§å¶å¨æ·»å éªè¯

æ¸å 4. å¤çéªè¯çå®ç¨å·¥å·ç±»

/**
 * Handles validations based on the Hibernate Annotations Validator framework.
 * @author Ted Bergeron
 * @version $Id: AnnotationValidator.java,v 1.5 2006/01/20 17:34:09 ted Exp $
 */
public class AnnotationValidator {
    private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(AnnotationValidator.class);

    // It is considered a good practice to execute these lines once and 
    // cache the validator instances.
    public static final ClassValidator<Customer> CUSTOMER_VALIDATOR =
       new ClassValidator<Customer>(Customer.class);
    public static final ClassValidator<CreditCard> CREDIT_CARD_VALIDATOR =
       new ClassValidator<CreditCard>(CreditCard.class);

    private static ClassValidator<? extends BaseObject> getValidator(Class<? 
      extends BaseObject> clazz) {
        if (Customer.class.equals(clazz)) {
            return CUSTOMER_VALIDATOR;
        } else if (CreditCard.class.equals(clazz)) {
            return CREDIT_CARD_VALIDATOR;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported class was passed.");
        }
    }

    public static InvalidValue[] getInvalidValues(BaseObject modelObject) {
        String nullProperty = null;
        return getInvalidValues(modelObject, nullProperty);
    }

    public static InvalidValue[] getInvalidValues(BaseObject modelObject,
       String property) {
        Class<? extends BaseObject>clazz = modelObject.getClass();
        ClassValidator validator = getValidator(clazz);

        InvalidValue[] validationMessages;

        if (property == null) {
            validationMessages = validator.getInvalidValues(modelObject);
        } else {
            // only get invalid values for specified property.  
            // For example, "city" applies to getCity() method.
            validationMessages = validator.getInvalidValues(modelObject, property);
        }
        return validationMessages;
    }
}

å¨ä½¿ç¨ Spring MVC å Hibernate Validator æ¶ï¼ä¸ºä¿¡ç¨å¡åå»ºä¸ä¸ªéªè¯è¿ç¨åå¾éå¸¸ç®åï¼å¦æ¸å 5 æç¤ºï¼

æ¸å 5. Spring MVC æ§å¶å¨ä½¿ç¨ç CreditCardValidator

/**
 * Performs validation of a CreditCard in Spring MVC.
 *
 * @author Ted Bergeron
 * @version $Id: CreditCardValidator.java,v 1.2 2006/02/10 21:53:50 ted Exp $
 */
public class CreditCardValidator implements Validator {

    private CreditCardService creditCardService;

    public void setCreditCardService(CreditCardService service) {
        this.creditCardService = service;
    }

    public boolean supports(Class clazz) {
        return CreditCard.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz);
    }

    public void validate(Object object, Errors errors) {
        CreditCard creditCard = (CreditCard) object;

        InvalidValue[] invalids = AnnotationValidator.getInvalidValues(creditCard);
        
        // Perform "expensive" validation only if no simple errors found above.
        if (invalids == null || invalids.length == 0) { 
            boolean validCard = creditCardService.validateCreditCard(creditCard);
            if (!validCard) {
                errors.reject("error.creditcard.invalid");
            }
        } else {
            for (InvalidValue invalidValue : invalids) {
                errors.rejectValue(invalidValue.getPropertyPath(), 
                  null, invalidValue.getMessage());
            }
        }
    }
}

åé¡µé¦

ä¸ºè§å¾æ·»å éªè¯

æ¸å 6 ä¸èéç TLD ä»£ç å®ä¹ text.tag æä»¶å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ï¼å¹¶å®ä¹äºä¸ä¸ªåä¸º required çå½æ°ã

æ¸å 6. åå»ºè¡¨å TLD

 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
<taglib xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
         http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-jsptaglibrary_2_0.xsd"
        version="2.0">

    <tlib-version>1.0</tlib-version>
    <short-name>form</short-name>
    <uri>formtags</uri>

    <tag-file>
        <name>text</name>
        <path>/WEB-INF/tags/form/text.tag</path>
    </tag-file>

<function>
    <description>determine if field is required from Annotations</description>
    <name>required</name>
    <function-class>com.triview.web.Utilities</function-class>
    <function-signature>Boolean required(java.lang.Object,java.lang.String)
    </function-signature>
</function>

</taglib>

æ¸å 7. Utilities èé

public static Boolean required(Object object, String propertyPath) {
    Method getMethod = findGetterMethod(object, propertyPath);
    if (getMethod == null) {
        return null;
    } else {
        return getMethod.isAnnotationPresent(NotNull.class);
    }
}

public static Boolean isDate(Object object, String propertyPath) {
    return java.util.Date.class.equals(getReturnType(object, propertyPath));
}

public static Class getReturnType(Object object, String propertyPath) {
    Method getMethod = findGetterMethod(object, propertyPath);
    if (getMethod == null) {
        return null;
    } else {
        return getMethod.getReturnType();
    }
}

æ¸å 8. ä¸ä¸ªåå«è¡¨åçç®å JSP é¡µé¢

<%@ taglib tagdir="/WEB-INF/tags/form" prefix="form" %>

<form method="post" action="<c:url value="/signup/customer.edit"/>">

<form:select propertyPath="creditCard.type" collection="${creditCardTypeCollection}" 
  required="true" labelKey="prompt.creditcard.type"/>

<form:text propertyPath="creditCard.number" labelKey="prompt.creditcard.number">
    <img src="<c:url value="/images/icons/help.png"/>" alt="Help" 
      οnclick="new Effect.SlideDown('creditCardHelp')"/>
</form:text>

<form:text propertyPath="creditCard.expirationDate"/>
</form>

æ¸å 9. æ ç¾æä»¶ text.tag èé

<%@ attribute name="propertyPath" required="true" %>

<%@ attribute name="size" required="false" type="java.lang.Integer" %>

<%@ attribute name="maxlength" required="false" type="java.lang.Integer" %>

<%@ attribute name="required" required="false" type="java.lang.Boolean" %>



<%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="spring" %>

<%@ taglib uri="formtags" prefix="form" %>



<c:set var="objectPath" value="${form:getObjectPath(propertyPath)}"/>



<spring:bind path="${objectPath}">

    <c:set var="object" value="${status.value}"/>

    <c:if test="${object == null}">

<%-- Bind ignores the command object prefix, so simple properties of the command object

return null above. --%>

        <c:set var="object" value="${commandObject}"/> 

        <%-- We depend on the controller adding this to request. --%>

    </c:if>

</spring:bind>



<%-- If user did not specify whether this field is required, 
query the object for this info. --%>

<c:if test="${required == null}">

    <c:set var="required" value="${form:required(object,propertyPath)}"/>

</c:if>



<c:choose>

    <c:when test="${required == null || required == false}">

        <c:set var="labelClass" value="optional"/>

    </c:when>

    <c:otherwise>

        <c:set var="labelClass" value="required"/>

    </c:otherwise>

</c:choose>



<c:if test="${maxlength == null}">

    <c:set var="maxlength" value="${form:maxLength(object,propertyPath)}"/>

</c:if>



<c:set var="isDate" value="${form:isDate(object,propertyPath)}"/>



<c:set var="cssClass" value="input_text"/>

<c:if test="${isDate}">

    <c:set var="cssClass" value="input_date"/>

</c:if>



<div class="field">

<spring:bind path="${propertyPath}">

<label for="${status.expression}" class="${labelClass}"><fmt:message 

key="prompt.${propertyPath}"/></label>

<input type="text" name="${status.expression}" value="${status.value}" 

id="${status.expression}"<c:if test="${size != null}"> size="${size}"</c:if>

<c:if test="${maxlength != null}"> maxlength="${maxlength}"</c:if>

class="${cssClass}"/>



<c:if test="${isDate}">

    <img id="${status.expression}_button" 

    src="<c:url value="/images/icons/calendar.png"/>" alt="calendar" 

    style="cursor: pointer;"/>

    <script type="text/javascript">

        Calendar.setup( 

        {

            inputField : "${status.expression}", // ID of the input field

            ifFormat : "%m/%d/%Y", // the date format

            button : "${status.expression}_button" // ID of the button

        }

        );

    </script>

</c:if>



<span class="icons"><jsp:doBody/></span> 



<c:if test="${status.errorMessage != null && status.errorMessage != ''}">

    <p class="fieldError"><img id="${status.expression}_error" 

    src="<c:url value="/images/icons/error.png"/>" 

    alt="error"/>${status.errorMessage}</p>

</c:if>



</spring:bind>

</div>

æ¥ä¸æ¥ä½¿ç¨ Spring æ¥ç»å®å° propertyPath ä¸ï¼èä¸æ¯ååé¢ä¸æ ·åªç»å®å°åå«è¿ä¸ªå±æ§çå¯¹è±¡ä¸ãè¿åè®¸å¨çæ label å input HTML æ ç¾æ¶ä½¿ç¨ status.expression å status.valueã input æ ç¾ä¹å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ä¸ä¸ªå¤§å° maxlength ä»¥åéå½çç±»æ¥çæãå¦æåé¢å·²ç»ç¡®å®å±æ§æ¯ä¸ä¸ª Dateï¼ç°å¨å°±å¯ä»¥æ·»å JavaScript æ¥åäºãï¼å¯ä»¥å¨ åèèµæ ä¸èæ¾å°ä¸ä¸ªå¾å¥½çæ¥åç»ä»¶çé¾æ¥ï¼ãæ³¨ææ ¹æ®éè¦é¾æ¥å±æ§ãè¾å¥ ID åå¾å ID çæ ç¾æ¯å¤ä¹ç®åãï¼è¿ä¸ª JavaScript æ¥åéè¦ä¸ä¸ªå¾å ID æ¥å¹éè¾å¥åï¼å¶åç¼æ¯ _buttonã

æ¸å 10. å¯¹å¿é¡»åè¿è¡è£é¥°ç CSS ä»£ç

label.required {
    color: black;
    background-image: url( /images/icons/flag_red.png );
    background-position: left;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
label.required:after {
    content: '*';
}
label.optional {
    color: black;
}

æ¸å 11. ç®åç JavaScript éªè¯ç¨åº

<script type="text/javascript">
    function checkRequired(form) {
        var requiredLabels = document.getElementsByClassName("required", form);
        for (i = 0; i < requiredLabels.length; i++) {

var labelText = requiredLabels[i].firstChild.nodeValue; // Get the label's text
var labelFor = requiredLabels[i].getAttribute("for"); // Grab the for attribute
var inputTag = document.getElementById(labelFor); // Get the input tag

            if (inputTag.value == null || inputTag.value == "") {
                alert("Please make sure all required fields have been entered.");
                return false; // Abort Submit
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
</script>

 οnclick="new Effect.SlideDown('creditCardHelp')"

<input class="required validate-number" id="field1" name="field1" />

å¯ä»¥ç®åå°ä¿®æ¹ text.tag çé»è¾å¨ input æ ç¾ä¸æå¥å ä¸ªç±»ãå° class="required" æ·»å å°è¾å¥æ ç¾å label æ ç¾ä¸ä¸ä¼å½±å CSS è§åï¼ä½ä¼ç ´åæ¸å 10 ä¸ç»åºçç®å JavaScript éªè¯ç¨åºãå¦æè¦æ··åä½¿ç¨æ¡æ¶ä¸çä»£ç åç®åç JavaScript ä»£ç ï¼æå¥½ä½¿ç¨ä¸åçç±»åï¼æå¨ä½¿ç¨ç±»åæç´¢åç´ æ¶ç¡®ä¿ç±»åææå¹¶æ£æ¥æ ç¾ç±»åã