根据手机类型适配适当页面

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-06 16:34:55 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-06 16:34:55 发布

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文章标签：手机 debian nginx server xslt interface

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/xuyaqun/article/details/6400302

本文介绍了在Debian系统下，如何利用Nginx根据用户手机的协议和分辨率来转发请求到相应站点。通过配置Nginx、使用第三方模块以及uWSGI，实现了针对手机和平板的页面适配。文章详细讲解了编译Nginx、安装uwsgi和ua-mapper库的过程，并提供了配置示例。

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debian下根据手机类型适配适当页面

本文是参考如下2篇文章，debian下在nginx server level根据用户手机支持的协议（xhtml、wml、html）、屏幕分辨率等信息来将用户请求转发到相应站点的实现。手机支持的协议、分辨率、型号等是根据Useragent查询wurfl得到的。本文只是基于实现的目的，如果要实际应用可能还需要很多改进。

参考：http://www.28lines.com/?p=11

Uwsgi配置参考：https://library.linode.com/web-servers/nginx/python-uwsgi/debian-5-lenny

一、Nginx处理流程图：

二、本案需要使用如下第三方模块重新编译nginx:，各模块可以到nginx官方网站下载。

1 Upstream Keepalive– Provides keep-alive connections to Memcached upstreams.

2 Lua– Embed the power of Lua into Nginx.

3 Set Hash– Set a variable to a variety of hash functions (upper/lowercase), including MD5.

4 uWSGI– Allows Nginx to interact with uWSGI processes.

lai@debian:~/ua-detect-nignx/nginx# ls -l debian/modules/

total 32

drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 2011-05-03 14:04 chaoslawful-lua-nginx-module

drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 2011-04-16 16:19 nginx-development-kit

drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 2011-04-16 16:19 nginx-echo

drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2011-04-16 16:19 nginx-http-push

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2011-04-16 16:19 nginx-upstream-fair

drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2011-04-30 13:52 ngx_http_upstream_keepalive

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2011-04-30 13:52 simpl-ngx_http_set_hash

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 696 2011-03-22 11:13 versions

Nginx编译选选：

lai@debian:~/ua-detect-nignx/nginx# vi debian/rules

111 config.status.extras: config.env.extras config.sub config.guess

112 cd $(BUILDDIR_extras) && ./configure /

113 --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf /

114 --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log /

115 --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body /

116 --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi /

117 --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log /

118 --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy /

119 --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi /

120 --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi /

121 --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock /

122 --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid /

123 --with-debug /

124 --with-http_addition_module /

125 --with-http_dav_module /

126 --with-http_flv_module /

127 --with-http_geoip_module /

128 --with-http_gzip_static_module /

129 --with-http_image_filter_module /

130 --with-http_perl_module /

131 --with-http_random_index_module /

132 --with-http_realip_module /

133 --with-http_secure_link_module /

134 --with-http_stub_status_module /

135 --with-http_ssl_module /

136 --with-http_sub_module /

137 --with-http_xslt_module /

138 --with-ipv6 /

139 --with-sha1=/usr/include/openssl /

140 --with-md5=/usr/include/openssl /

141 --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-development-kit /

142 --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/ngx_http_upstream_keepalive /

143 --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-upstream-fair /

144 --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-echo /

145 --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/chaoslawful-lua-nginx-module /

146 --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/simpl-ngx_http_set_hash /

147 $(CONFIGURE_OPTS) >$@

148 touch $@

在生成deb包之前也可以修改nginx的版本信息，避免因nginx本身漏洞导致站点被入侵。

Debian方式生成deb包：

lai@debian:~/ua-detect-nignx/nginx# dpkg-buildpackage -b

lai@debian:~/ua-detect-nignx# dpkg -i nginx-common_1.0.0-2_all.deb

lai@debian:~/ua-detect-nignx# dpkg -i nginx-extras_1.0.0-2_amd64.deb

lai@debian:~/ua-detect-nignx# dpkg -i nginx-extras-dbg_1.0.0-2_amd64.deb

查看安装的nginx软件包：

lai@debian:~/ua-detect-nignx# dpkg -l|grep nginx

ii nginx-common 1.0.0-2 small, but very powerful and efficient web server (common files)

ii nginx-extras 1.0.0-2 nginx web server with full set of core modules and extras

ii nginx-extras-dbg 1.0.0-2 Debugging symbols for nginx (extras)

查看nginx的编译选项：

lai@debian:~# nginx -V

nginx: nginx version: nginx/1.0.0

nginx: TLS SNI support enabled

nginx: configure arguments: --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --with-debug --with-http_addition_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_perl_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_xslt_module --with-ipv6 --with-sha1=/usr/include/openssl --with-md5=/usr/include/openssl --add-module=/home/lai/ua-detect-nignx/nginx/debian/modules/nginx-development-kit --add-module=/home/lai/ua-detect-nignx/nginx/debian/modules/ngx_http_upstream_keepalive --add-module=/home/lai/ua-detect-nignx/nginx/debian/modules/nginx-upstream-fair --add-module=/home/lai/ua-detect-nignx/nginx/debian/modules/nginx-echo --add-module=/home/lai/ua-detect-nignx/nginx/debian/modules/chaoslawful-lua-nginx-module --add-module=/home/lai/ua-detect-nignx/nginx/debian/modules/simpl-ngx_http_set_hash

Nginx配置：

lai@debian:~# more /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

# Mobile upstream.

upstream mobile {

server 127.0.0.1:81;

}

# Desktop upstream.

upstream desktop {

server 127.0.0.1:82;

}

# Memcached upstream used to store device upstream values.

upstream memcached {

# server ${memcached-supervisor:interface}:${memcached-supervisor:port};

server 127.0.0.1:11211;

keepalive 1024 single;

}

server {

listen 80;

server_name localhost;

# Lookup upstream in uWSGI.

location /map-request/dynamic/ {

include uwsgi_params;

# uwsgi_param MEMCACHED_SOCKET ${memcached-supervisor:interface}:${memcached-supervisor:port};

uwsgi_param MEMCACHED_SOCKET 127.0.0.1:11211;

uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9001;

}

# Lookup upstream in Memcached.

location /map-request/cached/ {

set_md5 $memcached_key $http_user_agent;

memcached_pass memcached;

}

# Pass request to user-agent appropriate upstream.

location / {

# Lookup device upstream.

set $upstream "";

access_by_lua '

local result = ngx.location.capture("/map-request/cached/")

if result.status == 200 then

ngx.var.upstream = result.body

else

local result = ngx.location.capture("/map-request/dynamic/")

ngx.var.upstream = result.body

end

ngx.exit(ngx.OK)

proxy_pass http://$upstream;

proxy_set_header Host $http_host;

}

lai@debian:~# more /etc/nginx/sites-available/mobile

server {

listen 81;

server_name localhost;

location / {

default_type text/plain;

echo "mobile instance";

}

lai@debian:~# more /etc/nginx/sites-available/desktop

server {

listen 82;

server_name localhost;

location / {

default_type text/plain;

echo "desktop instance";

}

三、下载nginx手机适配整个软件包praekelt-nginx-ua-instance-switcher-c69f54d.tar.gz，在部署时使用：

https://github.com/praekelt/nginx-ua-instance-switcher

四、下载安装uwsgi及python的ua-mapper库

下载uwsgi：

lai@debian:~/ua-detect-nignx#wget http://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-0.9.7.2.tar.gz

lai@debian:~/ua-detect-nignx# tar xzvf uwsgi-0.9.7.2.tar.gz

lai@debian:~/ua-detect-nignx# cd uwsgi-0.9.7.2

安装uwsgi：

lai@debian:~/ua-detect-nignx/uwsgi-0.9.7.2#apt-get install build-essential psmisc python-dev libxml2 libxml2-dev python-setuptools

lai@debian:~/ua-detect-nignx/uwsgi-0.9.7.2# make -f Makefile.Py26

lai@debian:~/ua-detect-nignx/uwsgi-0.9.7.2# cp uwsgi /usr/bin/

或者lai@debian:~/ua-detect-nignx/uwsgi-0.9.7.2# python setup.py install

添加uwsgi用户

lai@debian:~/ua-detect-nignx/uwsgi-0.9.7.2#adduser --system --no-create-home --disabled-login --disabled-password --group uwsgi

下载安装python的ua-mapper库

下载地址：https://github.com/praekelt/wsgi-ua-mapper

lai@debian:~/ua-detect-nignx# cd wsgi-ua-mapper-0.0.3

lai@debian:~/ua-detect-nignx/wsgi-ua-mapper-0.0.3# python setup.py install

Uwsgi配置：

lai@debian:/data# more /etc/default/uwsgi

PYTHONPATH=/data/webroot/uamapper/mapper

MODULE=wsgi

Uwsgi启动脚本：

lai@debian:/data# more /etc/init.d/uwsgi

#!/bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO

# Provides: uwsgi

# Required-Start: $all

# Required-Stop: $all

# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5

# Default-Stop: 0 1 6

# Short-Description: starts the uwsgi app server

# Description: starts uwsgi app server using start-stop-daemon

### END INIT INFO

PATH=/opt/uwsgi:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

DAEMON=/usr/bin/uwsgi

OWNER=uwsgi

NAME=uwsgi

DESC=uwsgi

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

# Include uwsgi defaults if available

if [ -f /etc/default/uwsgi ] ; then

. /etc/default/uwsgi

set -e

DAEMON_OPTS="-s 127.0.0.1:9001 -M 4 -t 30 -A 4 -p 4 -d /var/log/uwsgi.log --pythonpath $PYTHONPATH --module $M

ODULE"

case "$1" in

start)

echo -n "Starting $DESC: "

start-stop-daemon --start --chuid $OWNER:$OWNER --user $OWNER /

--exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS

echo "$NAME."

;;

stop)

echo -n "Stopping $DESC: "

start-stop-daemon --signal 3 --user $OWNER --quiet --retry 2 --stop /

--exec $DAEMON

echo "$NAME."

;;

reload)

killall -1 $DAEMON

;;

force-reload)

killall -15 $DAEMON

;;

restart)

echo -n "Restarting $DESC: "

start-stop-daemon --signal 3 --user $OWNER --quiet --retry 2 --stop /

--exec $DAEMON

sleep 1

start-stop-daemon --user $OWNER --start --quiet --chuid $OWNER:$OWNER /

--exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS

echo "$NAME."

;;

status)

killall -10 $DAEMON

;;

N=/etc/init.d/$NAME

echo "Usage: $N {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}" >&2

exit 1

;;

esac

exit 0

将uwsgi加入到开机启动

lai@debian:~/ua-detect-nignx/uwsgi-0.9.7.2#/usr/sbin/update-rc.d -f uwsgi defaults

lai@debian:~/ua-detect-nignx/uwsgi-0.9.7.2#/etc/init.d/uwsgi start

五、分别用手机和pc访问，查看是否转向不同站点：

测试：http://ip