0、序言
中断服务程序的执行并不存在于进程上下问中,要求中断服务程序的时间要尽量短。因此,Linux中断处理中引入上半部和下半部分离的机制。另外,内核对时钟的处理也是采用中断方式,而内核软件定时器最终依赖于时钟中断。
1、中断与定时器
基本概念……
2、Linux中断处理程序架构
中断会打断内核进程的正常调度和运行,为了提高系统的吞吐率势必要求中断服务程序尽量短小精悍。大多是真实的系统中,中断需要处理的工作并不会是短小,他可能需要进行大量耗时的处理。
为了平衡执行时间尽量短和中断处理需要处理较大工作量,Linux将中断处理程序分解为两个半部:顶半部(Top Half)和底半部(Bottom Half)。
3、Linux中断编程
1)申请中断(/include/linux/interrupt.h)
static inline int __must_check
request_irq(unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler, unsigned long flags,
const char *name, void *dev){
...
}
static inline int __must_check
devm_request_irq(struct device *dev, unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler,
unsigned long irqflags, const char *devname, void *dev_id){
...
}
2)释放中断(/include/linux/interrupt.h)
extern void free_irq(unsigned int, void *);
extern void devm_free_irq(struct device *dev, unsigned int irq, void *dev_id);
3)使能中断(/include/linux/interrupt.h)
extern void enable_irq(unsigned int irq);
4)屏蔽中断(/include/linux/interrupt.h)
extern void disable_irq_nosync(unsigned int irq);
extern void disable_irq(unsigned int irq);
4、linux底半部机制
1)tasklist(/include/linux/interrupt.h)
执行上下文是软中断,执行时机通常是顶半部返回。
extern void tasklet_init(struct tasklet_struct *t,
void (*func)(unsigned long), unsigned long data);
static inline void tasklet_schedule(struct tasklet_struct *t){
...
}
2)工作队列(/include/linux/workqueue.h)
执行上下文是线程,可以调度和休眠。
extern void __init_work(struct work_struct *work, int onstack);
static inline bool schedule_work(struct work_struct *work){
...
}
3)软中断(/include/linux/interrupt.h)
不可打断,执行时机通常是顶半部返回。
extern void open_softirq(int nr, void (*action)(struct softirq_action *));
extern void raise_softirq(unsigned int nr);
4)线程化(/include/linux/interrupt.h)
申请中断和工作队列的封装。
extern int __must_check
request_threaded_irq(unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler,
irq_handler_t thread_fn,
unsigned long flags, const char *name, void *dev);
static inline int __must_check
request_irq(unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler, unsigned long flags,
const char *name, void *dev){
...
}
5、中断共享
多个设备共享一根硬件中断线的硬件系统广泛存在,Linux支持这种中断共享。申请中断时,只需要属性标志加上IRQF_SHARED即可。
6、内核定时器
软件意义上的定时器,最终依赖硬件定时器来实现。内部时钟发生中断,检测各定时器是否到期,到期的定时器处理函数将作为软中断于底半部执行。
0)数据结构
struct timer_list {
/*
* All fields that change during normal runtime grouped to the
* same cacheline
*/
struct list_head entry;
unsigned long expires;
struct tvec_base *base;
void (*function)(unsigned long);
unsigned long data;
int slack;
#ifdef CONFIG_TIMER_STATS
int start_pid;
void *start_site;
char start_comm[16];
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
struct lockdep_map lockdep_map;
#endif
};
1)初始化定时器(/include/linux/timer.h)
void init_timer_key(struct timer_list *timer, unsigned int flags,
const char *name, struct lock_class_key *key){
...
}
2)增加定时器(/include/linux/timer.h)
extern void add_timer(struct timer_list *timer);
3)删除定时器(/include/linux/timer.h)
extern int del_timer(struct timer_list * timer);
4)修改定时器(/include/linux/timer.h)
extern int mod_timer(struct timer_list *timer, unsigned long expires);
7、内核中延时工作
1)周期性延时(include/linux/workqueue.h)
delay_work封装了工作队列和定时器。
static inline bool schedule_delayed_work(struct delayed_work *dwork,
unsigned long delay){
...
}
extern bool cancel_delayed_work(struct delayed_work *dwork);
extern bool cancel_delayed_work_sync(struct delayed_work *dwork);
2)非周期性延时(/include/linux/sched.h)
schedule_timeout当前任务休眠
extern long schedule_timeout(long timeout);
extern long schedule_timeout_interruptible(long timeout);