r"""HTTP/1.1 client library
<intro stuff goes here>
<o
ther stuff, too>
HTTP
Connection goes through a number of "states", which define when a client
may legally make ano
ther request or fetch
the response for a particular
request. Th
is diagram details
these state trans
itions
:
(null)
|
| HTTP
Connection()
v
Idle
|
| putrequest()
v
Request-started
|
| ( pu
theader() )* endheaders()
v
Request-sent
|\_____________________________
| | getresponse() ra
ises
| response = getresponse() |
ConnectionError
v v
Unread-response Idle
[Response-headers-read]
|\____________________
| |
| response.read() | putrequest()
v v
Idle Req-started-unread-response
______/|
/ |
response.read() | | ( pu
theader() )* endheaders()
v v
Request-started Req-sent-unread-response
|
| response.read()
v
Request-sent
Th
is diagram presents
the following rules
:
-- a second request may not be started until {response-headers-read}
-- a response [object] cannot be retrieved until {request-sent}
--
there
is no differentiation between an unread response body and a
partially read response body
Note
: th
is enforcement
is applied by
the HTTP
Connection class.
The
HTTPResponse class does not enforce th
is state machine, which
implies soph
isticated clients may accelerate
the request/response
pipeline. Caution should be taken, though
: accelerating
the states
beyond
the above pattern may imply knowledge of
the server's
connection-close behavior for certain requests. For example,
it
is impossible to tell whe
ther
the server will close
the connection
UNTIL
the response headers have been read; th
is means that fur
ther
requests cannot be placed into
the pipeline until
it is known that
the server will NOT be closing
the connection.
Logical State __state __response
------------- ------- ----------
Idle _CS_IDLE None
Request-started _CS_REQ_STARTED None
Request-sent _CS_REQ_SENT None
Unread-response _CS_IDLE <response_class>
Req-started-unread-response _CS_REQ_STARTED <response_class>
Req-sent-unread-response _CS_REQ_SENT <response_class>
"""
import email.parser
import email.message
import errno
import http
import io
import re
import socket
import sys
import collections.abc
from urllib.parse import urlspl
it
# HTTPMessage, parse_headers(), and
the HTTP status code constants are
# intentionally om
itted for simplic
ity
__all__ = ["HTTPResponse", "HTTP
Connection",
"HTTPException", "NotConnected", "UnknownProtocol",
"UnknownTransferEncoding", "UnimplementedFileMode",
"IncompleteRead", "InvalidURL", "Improper
ConnectionState",
"CannotSendRequest", "CannotSendHeader", "ResponseNotReady",
"BadStatusLine", "LineTooLong", "RemoteD
isconnected", "
error",
"responses"]
HTTP_PORT = 80
HTTPS_PORT = 443
_UNKNOWN = 'UNKNOWN'
#
connection states
_CS_IDLE = 'Idle'
_CS_REQ_STARTED = 'Request-started'
_CS_REQ_SENT = 'Request-sent'
# hack to maintain backwards compatibil
ity
globals().update(http.HTTPStatus.__members__)
# ano
ther hack to maintain backwards compatibil
ity
# Mapping status codes to official W3C names
responses = {v
: v.phrase for v in http.HTTPStatus.__members__.values()}
# maximal line length when calling readline().
_MAXLINE = 65536
_MAXHEADERS = 100
# Header name/value ABNF (http
://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2)
#
# VCHAR = %x21-7E
# obs-text = %x80-FF
# header-field = field-name "
:" OWS field-value OWS
# field-name = token
# field-value = *( field-content / obs-fold )
# field-content = field-vchar [ 1*( SP / HTAB ) field-vchar ]
# field-vchar = VCHAR / obs-text
#
# obs-fold = CRLF 1*( SP / HTAB )
# ; obsolete line folding
# ; see Section 3.2.4
# token = 1*tchar
#
# tchar = "!" / "#" / "$" / "%" / "&" / "'" / "*"
# / "+" / "-" / "." / "^" / "_" / "`" / "|" / "~"
# / DIG
IT / ALPHA
# ; any VCHAR, except delim
iters
#
# VCHAR defined in http
://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5234#appendix-B.1
#
the patterns for both name and value are more lenient than RFC
# defin
itions to allow for backwards compatibil
ity
_
is_legal_header_name = re.compile(rb'[^
:\s][^
:\r\n]*').fullmatch
_
is_illegal_header_value = re.compile(rb'\n(?![ \t])|\r(?![ \t\n])').search
#
These characters are not allowed w
ithin HTTP URL paths.
# See https
://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.3 and
the
# https
://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#appendix-A pchar defin
ition.
# Prevents CVE-2019-9740. Includes control characters such as \r\n.
# We don't restrict chars above \x7f as putrequest() lim
its us to ASCII.
_contains_d
isallowed_url_pchar_re = re.compile('[\x00-\x20\x7f]')
# Arguably only
these _should_ allowed
:
# _
is_allowed_url_pchars_re = re.compile(r"^[/!$&'()*+,;=
:@%a-zA-Z0-9._~-]+$")
# We are more lenient for assumed real world compatibil
ity purposes.
#
These characters are not allowed w
ithin HTTP method names
# to prevent http header injection.
_contains_d
isallowed_method_pchar_re = re.compile('[\x00-\x1f]')
# We always set
the Content-Length header for
these methods because some
#
servers will o
therw
ise respond w
ith a 411
_METHODS_EXPECTING_BODY = {'PATCH', 'POST', 'PUT'}
def _encode(data, name='data')
:
"""Call data.encode("latin-1")
but show a better
error message."""
try
:
return data.encode("latin-1")
except UnicodeEncode
Error as err
:
ra
ise UnicodeEncode
Error(
err.encoding,
err.object,
err.start,
err.end,
"%s (%.20r)
is not valid Latin-1. Use %s.encode('utf-8') "
"if you want to send
it encoded in UTF-8." %
(name.t
itle(), data[err.start
:err.end], name)) from None
class HTTPMessage(email.message.Message)
:
# XXX
The only usage of th
is method
is in
# http.
server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler. Maybe move
the code
there so
# that
it doesn't need to be part of
the public API.
The API has
# never been defined so th
is could cause backwards compatibil
ity
#
issues.
def getallmatchingheaders(self, name)
:
"""Find all header lines matching a given header name.
Look through
the l
ist of headers and find all lines matching a given
header name (and
their continuation lines). A l
ist of
the lines
is
returned, w
ithout interpretation. If
the header does not occur, an
empty l
ist
is returned. If
the header occurs multiple times, all
occurrences are returned. Case
is not important in
the header name.
"""
name = name.lower() + '
:'
n = len(name)
lst = []
h
it = 0
for line in self.keys()
:
if line[
:n].lower() == name
:
h
it = 1
elif not line[
:1].
isspace()
:
h
it = 0
if h
it:
lst.append(line)
return lst
def _read_headers(fp)
:
"""Reads potential header lines into a l
ist from a file pointer.
Length of line
is lim
ited by _MAXLINE, and number of
headers
is lim
ited by _MAXHEADERS.
"""
headers = []
while True
:
line = fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
if len(line) > _MAXLINE
:
ra
ise LineTooLong("header line")
headers.append(line)
if len(headers) > _MAXHEADERS
:
ra
ise HTTPException("got more than %d headers" % _MAXHEADERS)
if line in (b'\r\n', b'\n', b'')
:
break
return headers
def parse_headers(fp, _class=HTTPMessage)
:
"""Parses only RFC2822 headers from a file pointer.
email Parser wants to see strings ra
ther than bytes.
But a TextIOWrapper around self.rfile would buffer too many bytes
from
the stream, bytes which we later need to read as bytes.
So we read
the correct bytes here, as bytes, for email Parser
to parse.
"""
headers = _read_headers(fp)
hstring = b''.join(headers).decode('
iso-8859-1')
return email.parser.Parser(_class=_class).parsestr(hstring)
class HTTPResponse(io.BufferedIOBase)
:
# See RFC 2616 sec 19.6 and RFC 1945 sec 6 for details.
#
The bytes from
the socket object are
iso-8859-1 strings.
# See RFC 2616 sec 2.2 which notes an exception for MIME-encoded
# text following RFC 2047.
The basic status line parsing only
# accepts
iso-8859-1.
def __in
it__(self, sock, debuglevel=0, method=None, url=None)
:
# If
the response includes a content-length header, we need to
# make sure that
the client
doesn't read more than
the
# specified number of bytes. If
it does,
it will block until
#
the server times out and closes
the connection. Th
is will
# happen if a self.fp.read()
is done (w
ithout a size) whe
ther
# self.fp
is buffered or not. So, no self.fp.read() by
# clients unless
they know what
they are doing.
self.fp = sock.makefile("rb")
self.debuglevel = debuglevel
self._method = method
#
The HTTPResponse object
is returned via urllib.
The clients
# of http and urllib expect different attri
butes for
the
# headers. headers
is used here and
supports urllib. msg
is
# provided as a backwards compatibil
ity layer for http
# clients.
self.headers = self.msg = None
# from
the Status-Line of
the response
self.version = _UNKNOWN # HTTP-Version
self.status = _UNKNOWN # Status-Code
self.reason = _UNKNOWN # Reason-Phrase
self.chunked = _UNKNOWN #
is "chunked" being used?
self.chunk_left = _UNKNOWN # bytes left to read in current chunk
self.length = _UNKNOWN # number of bytes left in response
self.will_close = _UNKNOWN # conn will close at end of response
def _read_status(self)
:
line = str(self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1), "
iso-8859-1")
if len(line) > _MAXLINE
:
ra
ise LineTooLong("status line")
if self.debuglevel > 0
:
print("reply
:", repr(line))
if not line
:
# Presumably,
the server closed
the connection before
# sending a valid response.
ra
ise RemoteD
isconnected("Remote end closed
connection w
ithout"
" response")
try
:
version, status, reason = line.spl
it(None, 2)
except Value
Error:
try
:
version, status = line.spl
it(None, 1)
reason = ""
except Value
Error:
# empty version will cause next test to fail.
version = ""
if not version.startsw
ith("HTTP/")
:
self._close_conn()
ra
ise BadStatusLine(line)
#
The status code
is a three-dig
it number
try
:
status = int(status)
if status < 100 or status > 999
:
ra
ise BadStatusLine(line)
except Value
Error:
ra
ise BadStatusLine(line)
return version, status, reason
def begin(self)
:
if self.headers
is not None
:
# we've already started reading
the response
return
# read until we get a non-100 response
while True
:
version, status, reason = self._read_status()
if status != CONTINUE
:
break
# skip
the header from
the 100 response
skipped_headers = _read_headers(self.fp)
if self.debuglevel > 0
:
print("headers
:", skipped_headers)
del skipped_headers
self.code = self.status = status
self.reason = reason.strip()
if version in ("HTTP/1.0", "HTTP/0.9")
:
# Some
servers might still return "0.9", treat
it as 1.0 anyway
self.version = 10
elif version.startsw
ith("HTTP/1.")
:
self.version = 11 # use HTTP/1.1 code for HTTP/1.x where x>=1
else
:
ra
ise UnknownProtocol(version)
self.headers = self.msg = parse_headers(self.fp)
if self.debuglevel > 0
:
for hdr, val in self.headers.
items()
:
print("header
:", hdr + "
:", val)
# are we using
the chunked-style of transfer encoding?
tr_enc = self.headers.get("transfer-encoding")
if tr_enc and tr_enc.lower() == "chunked"
:
self.chunked = True
self.chunk_left = None
else
:
self.chunked = False
# will
the connection close at
the end of
the response?
self.will_close = self._check_close()
# do we have a Content-Length?
# NOTE
: RFC 2616, S4.4, #3 says we ignore th
is if tr_enc
is "chunked"
self.length = None
length = self.headers.get("content-length")
if length and not self.chunked
:
try
:
self.length = int(length)
except Value
Error:
self.length = None
else
:
if self.length < 0
: # ignore nonsensical negative lengths
self.length = None
else
:
self.length = None
# does
the body have a fixed length? (of zero)
if (status == NO_CONTENT or status == NOT_MODIFIED or
100 <= status < 200 or # 1xx codes
self._method == "HEAD")
:
self.length = 0
# if
the connection remains open, and we aren't using chunked, and
# a content-length was not provided,
then assume that
the connection
# WILL close.
if (not self.will_close and
not self.chunked and
self.length
is None)
:
self.will_close = True
def _check_close(self)
:
conn = self.headers.get("
connection")
if self.version == 11
:
# An HTTP/1.1 proxy
is assumed to stay open unless
# explic
itly closed.
if conn and "close" in conn.lower()
:
return True
return False
# Some HTTP/1.0 implementations have
support for pers
istent
#
connections, using rules different than HTTP/1.1.
# For older HTTP, Keep-Alive indicates pers
istent
connection.
if self.headers.get("keep-alive")
:
return False
# At least Akamai returns a "
Connection: Keep-Alive" header,
# which was supposed to be sent by
the client.
if conn and "keep-alive" in conn.lower()
:
return False
# Proxy-
Connection is a netscape hack.
pconn = self.headers.get("proxy-
connection")
if pconn and "keep-alive" in pconn.lower()
:
return False
# o
therw
ise, assume
it will close
return True
def _close_conn(self)
:
fp = self.fp
self.fp = None
fp.close()
def close(self)
:
try
:
super().close() # set "closed" flag
finally
:
if self.fp
:
self._close_conn()
#
These implementations are for
the benef
it of io.BufferedReader.
# XXX Th
is class should probably be rev
ised to act more like
#
the "raw stream" that BufferedReader expects.
def flush(self)
:
super().flush()
if self.fp
:
self.fp.flush()
def readable(self)
:
"""Always returns True"""
return True
# End of "raw stream" methods
def
isclosed(self)
:
"""True if
the connection is closed."""
# NOTE
: it is possible that we will not ever call self.close(). Th
is
# case occurs when will_close
is TRUE, length
is None, and we
# read up to
the last byte,
but NOT past
it.
#
# IMPLIES
: if will_close
is FALSE,
then self.close() will ALWAYS be
# called, meaning self.
isclosed()
is meaningful.
return self.fp
is None
def read(self, amt=None)
:
if self.fp
is None
:
return b""
if self._method == "HEAD"
:
self._close_conn()
return b""
if self.chunked
:
return self._read_chunked(amt)
if amt
is not None
:
if self.length
is not None and amt > self.length
:
# clip
the read to
the "end of response"
amt = self.length
s = self.fp.read(amt)
if not s and amt
:
# Ideally, we would ra
ise IncompleteRead if
the content-length
# wasn't sat
isfied,
but it might break compatibil
ity.
self._close_conn()
elif self.length
is not None
:
self.length -= len(s)
if not self.length
:
self._close_conn()
return s
else
:
# Amount
is not given (unbounded read) so we must check self.length
if self.length
is None
:
s = self.fp.read()
else
:
try
:
s = self._safe_read(self.length)
except IncompleteRead
:
self._close_conn()
ra
ise
self.length = 0
self._close_conn() # we read everything
return s
def readinto(self, b)
:
"""Read up to len(b) bytes into bytearray b and return
the number
of bytes read.
"""
if self.fp
is None
:
return 0
if self._method == "HEAD"
:
self._close_conn()
return 0
if self.chunked
:
return self._readinto_chunked(b)
if self.length
is not None
:
if len(b) > self.length
:
# clip
the read to
the "end of response"
b = memoryview(b)[0
:self.length]
# we do not use _safe_read() here because th
is may be a .will_close
#
connection, and
the user
is reading more bytes than will be provided
# (for example, reading in 1k chunks)
n = self.fp.readinto(b)
if not n and b
:
# Ideally, we would ra
ise IncompleteRead if
the content-length
# wasn't sat
isfied,
but it might break compatibil
ity.
self._close_conn()
elif self.length
is not None
:
self.length -= n
if not self.length
:
self._close_conn()
return n
def _read_next_chunk_size(self)
:
# Read
the next chunk size from
the file
line = self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
if len(line) > _MAXLINE
:
ra
ise LineTooLong("chunk size")
i = line.find(b";")
if i >= 0
:
line = line[
:i] # strip chunk-extensions
try
:
return int(line, 16)
except Value
Error:
# close
the connection as protocol synchron
isation
is
# probably lost
self._close_conn()
ra
ise
def _read_and_d
iscard_trailer(self)
:
# read and d
iscard trailer up to
the CRLF terminator
### note
: we shouldn't have any trailers!
while True
:
line = self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
if len(line) > _MAXLINE
:
ra
ise LineTooLong("trailer line")
if not line
:
# a van
ishingly small number of s
ites EOF w
ithout
# sending
the trailer
break
if line in (b'\r\n', b'\n', b'')
:
break
def _get_chunk_left(self)
:
# return self.chunk_left, reading a new chunk if necessary.
# chunk_left == 0
: at
the end of
the current chunk, need to close
it
# chunk_left == None
: No current chunk, should read next.
# Th
is function returns non-zero or None if
the last chunk has
# been read.
chunk_left = self.chunk_left
if not chunk_left
: # Can be 0 or None
if chunk_left
is not None
:
# We are at
the end of chunk, d
iscard chunk end
self._safe_read(2) # toss
the CRLF at
the end of
the chunk
try
:
chunk_left = self._read_next_chunk_size()
except Value
Error:
ra
ise IncompleteRead(b'')
if chunk_left == 0
:
# last chunk
: 1*("0") [ chunk-extension ] CRLF
self._read_and_d
iscard_trailer()
# we read everything; close
the "file"
self._close_conn()
chunk_left = None
self.chunk_left = chunk_left
return chunk_left
def _read_chunked(self, amt=None)
:
assert self.chunked != _UNKNOWN
value = []
try
:
while True
:
chunk_left = self._get_chunk_left()
if chunk_left
is None
:
break
if amt
is not None and amt <= chunk_left
:
value.append(self._safe_read(amt))
self.chunk_left = chunk_left - amt
break
value.append(self._safe_read(chunk_left))
if amt
is not None
:
amt -= chunk_left
self.chunk_left = 0
return b''.join(value)
except IncompleteRead as exc
:
ra
ise IncompleteRead(b''.join(value)) from exc
def _readinto_chunked(self, b)
:
assert self.chunked != _UNKNOWN
total_bytes = 0
mvb = memoryview(b)
try
:
while True
:
chunk_left = self._get_chunk_left()
if chunk_left
is None
:
return total_bytes
if len(mvb) <= chunk_left
:
n = self._safe_readinto(mvb)
self.chunk_left = chunk_left - n
return total_bytes + n
temp_mvb = mvb[
:chunk_left]
n = self._safe_readinto(temp_mvb)
mvb = mvb[n
:]
total_bytes += n
self.chunk_left = 0
except IncompleteRead
:
ra
ise IncompleteRead(bytes(b[0
:total_bytes]))
def _safe_read(self, amt)
:
"""Read
the number of bytes requested.
Th
is function should be used when <amt> bytes "should" be present for
reading. If
the bytes are truly not available (due to EOF),
then
the
IncompleteRead exception can be used to detect
the problem.
"""
data = self.fp.read(amt)
if len(data) < amt
:
ra
ise IncompleteRead(data, amt-len(data))
return data
def _safe_readinto(self, b)
:
"""Same as _safe_read,
but for reading into a buffer."""
amt = len(b)
n = self.fp.readinto(b)
if n < amt
:
ra
ise IncompleteRead(bytes(b[
:n]), amt-n)
return n
def read1(self, n=-1)
:
"""Read w
ith at most one underlying system call. If at least one
byte
is buffered, return that instead.
"""
if self.fp
is None or self._method == "HEAD"
:
return b""
if self.chunked
:
return self._read1_chunked(n)
if self.length
is not None and (n < 0 or n > self.length)
:
n = self.length
result = self.fp.read1(n)
if not result and n
:
self._close_conn()
elif self.length
is not None
:
self.length -= len(result)
return result
def peek(self, n=-1)
:
# Having th
is enables IOBase.readline() to read more than one
# byte at a time
if self.fp
is None or self._method == "HEAD"
:
return b""
if self.chunked
:
return self._peek_chunked(n)
return self.fp.peek(n)
def readline(self, lim
it=-1)
:
if self.fp
is None or self._method == "HEAD"
:
return b""
if self.chunked
:
# Fallback to IOBase readline which uses peek() and read()
return super().readline(lim
it)
if self.length
is not None and (lim
it < 0 or lim
it > self.length)
:
lim
it = self.length
result = self.fp.readline(lim
it)
if not result and lim
it:
self._close_conn()
elif self.length
is not None
:
self.length -= len(result)
return result
def _read1_chunked(self, n)
:
# Strictly speaking, _get_chunk_left() may cause more than one read,
#
but that
is ok, since that
is to sat
isfy
the chunked protocol.
chunk_left = self._get_chunk_left()
if chunk_left
is None or n == 0
:
return b''
if not (0 <= n <= chunk_left)
:
n = chunk_left # if n
is negative or larger than chunk_left
read = self.fp.read1(n)
self.chunk_left -= len(read)
if not read
:
ra
ise IncompleteRead(b"")
return read
def _peek_chunked(self, n)
:
# Strictly speaking, _get_chunk_left() may cause more than one read,
#
but that
is ok, since that
is to sat
isfy
the chunked protocol.
try
:
chunk_left = self._get_chunk_left()
except IncompleteRead
:
return b'' # peek
doesn't worry about protocol
if chunk_left
is None
:
return b'' # eof
# peek
is allowed to return more than requested. Just request
the
# entire chunk, and truncate what we get.
return self.fp.peek(chunk_left)[
:chunk_left]
def fileno(self)
:
return self.fp.fileno()
def ge
theader(self, name, default=None)
:
'''Returns
the value of
the header matching *name*.
If
there are multiple matching headers,
the values are
combined into a single string separated by commas and spaces.
If no matching header
is found, returns *default* or None if
the *default*
is not specified.
If
the headers are unknown, ra
ises http.client.ResponseNotReady.
'''
if self.headers
is None
:
ra
ise ResponseNotReady()
headers = self.headers.get_all(name) or default
if
isinstance(headers, str) or not hasattr(headers, '__
iter__')
:
return headers
else
:
return ', '.join(headers)
def ge
theaders(self)
:
"""Return l
ist of (header, value) tuples."""
if self.headers
is None
:
ra
ise ResponseNotReady()
return l
ist(self.headers.
items())
# We override IOBase.__
iter__ so that
it doesn't check for closed-ness
def __
iter__(self)
:
return self
# For compatibil
ity w
ith old-style urllib responses.
def info(self)
:
'''Returns an instance of
the class mimetools.Message containing
meta-information associated w
ith
the URL.
When
the method
is HTTP,
these headers are those returned by
the server at
the head of
the retrieved HTML page (including
Content-Length and Content-Type).
When
the method
is FTP, a Content-Length header will be
present if (as
is now usual)
the server passed back a file
length in response to
the FTP retrieval request. A
Content-Type header will be present if
the MIME type can be
guessed.
When
the method
is local-file, returned headers will include
a Date representing
the file's last-modified time, a
Content-Length giving file size, and a Content-Type
containing a guess at
the file's type. See also
the
description of
the mimetools module.
'''
return self.headers
def geturl(self)
:
'''Return
the real URL of
the page.
In some cases,
the HTTP
server redirects a client to ano
ther
URL.
The urlopen() function handles th
is transparently,
but in
some cases
the caller needs to know which URL
the client was
redirected to.
The geturl() method can be used to get at th
is
redirected URL.
'''
return self.url
def getcode(self)
:
'''Return
the HTTP status code that was sent w
ith
the response,
or None if
the URL
is not an HTTP URL.
'''
return self.status
class HTTP
Connection:
_http_vsn = 11
_http_vsn_str = 'HTTP/1.1'
response_class = HTTPResponse
default_port = HTTP_PORT
auto_open = 1
debuglevel = 0
@staticmethod
def _
is_textIO(stream)
:
"""Test whe
ther a file-like object
is a text or a binary stream.
"""
return
isinstance(stream, io.TextIOBase)
@staticmethod
def _get_content_length(body, method)
:
"""Get
the content-length based on
the body.
If
the body
is None, we set Content-Length
: 0 for methods that expect
a body (RFC 7230, Section 3.3.2). We also set
the Content-Length for
any method if
the body
is a str or bytes-like object and not a file.
"""
if body
is None
:
# do an explic
it check for not None here to d
istingu
ish
# between unset and set
but empty
if method.upper() in _METHODS_EXPECTING_BODY
:
return 0
else
:
return None
if hasattr(body, 'read')
:
# file-like object.
return None
try
:
# does
it implement
the buffer protocol (bytes, bytearray, array)?
mv = memoryview(body)
return mv.nbytes
except Type
Error:
pass
if
isinstance(body, str)
:
return len(body)
return None
def __in
it__(self, host, port=None, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
source_address=None, blocksize=8192)
:
self.timeout = timeout
self.source_address = source_address
self.blocksize = blocksize
self.sock = None
self._buffer = []
self.__response = None
self.__state = _CS_IDLE
self._method = None
self._tunnel_host = None
self._tunnel_port = None
self._tunnel_headers = {}
(self.host, self.port) = self._get_hostport(host, port)
self._validate_host(self.host)
# Th
is is stored as an instance variable to allow un
it
# tests to replace
it w
ith a su
itable mockup
self._create_
connection = socket.create_
connection
def set_tunnel(self, host, port=None, headers=None)
:
"""Set up host and port for HTTP CONNECT tunnelling.
In a
connection that uses HTTP CONNECT tunneling,
the host passed to
the
constructor
is used as a proxy
server that relays all communication to
the endpoint passed to `set_tunnel`. Th
is done by sending an HTTP
CONNECT request to
the proxy
server when
the connection is establ
ished.
Th
is method must be called before
the HTTP
connection has been
establ
ished.
The headers argument should be a mapping of extra HTTP headers to send
w
ith
the CONNECT request.
"""
if self.sock
:
ra
ise Runtime
Error("Can't set up tunnel for establ
ished
connection")
self._tunnel_host, self._tunnel_port = self._get_hostport(host, port)
if headers
:
self._tunnel_headers = headers
else
:
self._tunnel_headers.clear()
def _get_hostport(self, host, port)
:
if port
is None
:
i = host.rfind('
:')
j = host.rfind(']') # ipv6 addresses have [...]
if i > j
:
try
:
port = int(host[i+1
:])
except Value
Error:
if host[i+1
:] == ""
: # http
://foo.com
:/ == http
://foo.com/
port = self.default_port
else
:
ra
ise InvalidURL("nonnumeric port
: '%s'" % host[i+1
:])
host = host[
:i]
else
:
port = self.default_port
if host and host[0] == '[' and host[-1] == ']'
:
host = host[1
:-1]
return (host, port)
def set_debuglevel(self, level)
:
self.debuglevel = level
def _tunnel(self)
:
connect = b"CONNECT %s
:%d HTTP/1.0\r\n" % (
self._tunnel_host.encode("ascii"), self._tunnel_port)
headers = [connect]
for header, value in self._tunnel_headers.
items()
:
headers.append(f"{header}
: {value}\r\n".encode("latin-1"))
headers.append(b"\r\n")
# Making a single send() call instead of one per line encourages
#
the host OS to use a more optimal packet size instead of
# potentially em
itting a series of small packets.
self.send(b"".join(headers))
del headers
response = self.response_class(self.sock, method=self._method)
(version, code, message) = response._read_status()
if code != http.HTTPStatus.OK
:
self.close()
ra
ise OS
Error(f"Tunnel
connection failed
: {code} {message.strip()}")
while True
:
line = response.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
if len(line) > _MAXLINE
:
ra
ise LineTooLong("header line")
if not line
:
# for s
ites which EOF w
ithout sending a trailer
break
if line in (b'\r\n', b'\n', b'')
:
break
if self.debuglevel > 0
:
print('header
:', line.decode())
def connect(self)
:
"""Connect to
the host and port specified in __in
it__."""
sys.aud
it("http.client.connect", self, self.host, self.port)
self.sock = self._create_
connection(
(self.host,self.port), self.timeout, self.source_address)
# Might fail in OSs that don't implement TCP_NODELAY
try
:
self.sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
except OS
Error as e
:
if e.errno != errno.ENOPROTOOPT
:
ra
ise
if self._tunnel_host
:
self._tunnel()
def close(self)
:
"""Close
the connection to
the HTTP
server."""
self.__state = _CS_IDLE
try
:
sock = self.sock
if sock
:
self.sock = None
sock.close() # close
it manually...
there may be o
ther refs
finally
:
response = self.__response
if response
:
self.__response = None
response.close()
def send(self, data)
:
"""Send `data' to
the server.
``data`` can be a string object, a bytes object, an array object, a
file-like object that
supports a .read() method, or an
iterable object.
"""
if self.sock
is None
:
if self.auto_open
:
self.connect()
else
:
ra
ise NotConnected()
if self.debuglevel > 0
:
print("send
:", repr(data))
if hasattr(data, "read")
:
if self.debuglevel > 0
:
print("sendIng a read()able")
encode = self._
is_textIO(data)
if encode and self.debuglevel > 0
:
print("encoding file using
iso-8859-1")
while 1
:
datablock = data.read(self.blocksize)
if not datablock
:
break
if encode
:
datablock = datablock.encode("
iso-8859-1")
sys.aud
it("http.client.send", self, datablock)
self.sock.sendall(datablock)
return
sys.aud
it("http.client.send", self, data)
try
:
self.sock.sendall(data)
except Type
Error:
if
isinstance(data, collections.abc.
Iterable)
:
for d in data
:
self.sock.sendall(d)
else
:
ra
ise Type
Error("data should be a bytes-like object "
"or an
iterable, got %r" % type(data))
def _output(self, s)
:
"""Add a line of output to
the current request buffer.
Assumes that
the line does *not* end w
ith \\r\\n.
"""
self._buffer.append(s)
def _read_readable(self, readable)
:
if self.debuglevel > 0
:
print("sendIng a read()able")
encode = self._
is_textIO(readable)
if encode and self.debuglevel > 0
:
print("encoding file using
iso-8859-1")
while True
:
datablock = readable.read(self.blocksize)
if not datablock
:
break
if encode
:
datablock = datablock.encode("
iso-8859-1")
yield datablock
def _send_output(self, message_body=None, encode_chunked=False)
:
"""Send
the currently buffered request and clear
the buffer.
Appends an extra \\r\\n to
the buffer.
A message_body may be specified, to be appended to
the request.
"""
self._buffer.extend((b"", b""))
msg = b"\r\n".join(self._buffer)
del self._buffer[
:]
self.send(msg)
if message_body
is not None
:
# create a cons
istent interface to message_body
if hasattr(message_body, 'read')
:
# Let file-like take precedence over byte-like. Th
is
#
is needed to allow
the current pos
ition of mmap'ed
# files to be taken into account.
chunks = self._read_readable(message_body)
else
:
try
:
# th
is is solely to check to see if message_body
# implements
the buffer API.
it /would/ be easier
# to capture if PyObject_CheckBuffer was exposed
# to Python.
memoryview(message_body)
except Type
Error:
try
:
chunks =
iter(message_body)
except Type
Error:
ra
ise Type
Error("message_body should be a bytes-like "
"object or an
iterable, got %r"
% type(message_body))
else
:
#
the object implements
the buffer interface and
# can be passed directly into socket methods
chunks = (message_body,)
for chunk in chunks
:
if not chunk
:
if self.debuglevel > 0
:
print('Zero length chunk ignored')
continue
if encode_chunked and self._http_vsn == 11
:
# chunked encoding
chunk = f'{len(chunk)
:X}\r\n'.encode('ascii') + chunk \
+ b'\r\n'
self.send(chunk)
if encode_chunked and self._http_vsn == 11
:
# end chunked transfer
self.send(b'0\r\n\r\n')
def putrequest(self, method, url, skip_host=False,
skip_accept_encoding=False)
:
"""Send a request to
the server.
`method' specifies an HTTP request method, e.g. 'GET'.
`url' specifies
the object being requested, e.g. '/index.html'.
`skip_host' if True does not add automatically a 'Host
:' header
`skip_accept_encoding' if True does not add automatically an
'Accept-Encoding
:' header
"""
# if a prior response has been completed,
then forget about
it.
if self.__response and self.__response.
isclosed()
:
self.__response = None
# in certain cases, we cannot
issue ano
ther request on th
is connection.
# th
is occurs when
:
# 1) we are in
the process of sending a request. (_CS_REQ_STARTED)
# 2) a response to a previous request has signalled that
it is going
# to close
the connection upon completion.
# 3)
the headers for
the previous response have not been read, thus
# we cannot determine whe
ther point (2)
is true. (_CS_REQ_SENT)
#
# if
there
is no prior response,
then we can request at will.
#
# if point (2)
is true,
then we will have passed
the socket to
the
# response (effectively meaning, "
there
is no prior response"), and
# will open a new one when a new request
is made.
#
# Note
: if a prior response ex
ists,
then we *can* start a new request.
# We are not allowed to begin fetching
the response to th
is new
# request, however, until that prior response
is complete.
#
if self.__state == _CS_IDLE
:
self.__state = _CS_REQ_STARTED
else
:
ra
ise CannotSendRequest(self.__state)
self._validate_method(method)
# Save
the method for use later in
the response phase
self._method = method
url = url or '/'
self._validate_path(url)
request = '%s %s %s' % (method, url, self._http_vsn_str)
self._output(self._encode_request(request))
if self._http_vsn == 11
:
#
Issue some standard headers for better HTTP/1.1 compliance
if not skip_host
:
# th
is header
is issued *only* for HTTP/1.1
#
connections. more specifically, th
is means
it is
# only
issued when
the client uses
the new
# HTTP
Connection() class. backwards-compat clients
# will be using HTTP/1.0 and those clients may be
#
issuing th
is header
themselves. we should NOT
issue
#
it twice; some web
servers (such as Apache) barf
# when
they see two Host
: headers
# If we need a non-standard port,include
it in
the
# header. If
the request
is going through a proxy,
#
but the host of
the actual URL, not
the host of
the
# proxy.
netloc = ''
if url.startsw
ith('http')
:
nil, netloc, nil, nil, nil = urlspl
it(url)
if netloc
:
try
:
netloc_enc = netloc.encode("ascii")
except UnicodeEncode
Error:
netloc_enc = netloc.encode("idna")
self.pu
theader('Host', netloc_enc)
else
:
if self._tunnel_host
:
host = self._tunnel_host
port = self._tunnel_port
else
:
host = self.host
port = self.port
try
:
host_enc = host.encode("ascii")
except UnicodeEncode
Error:
host_enc = host.encode("idna")
# As per RFC 273, IPv6 address should be wrapped w
ith []
# when used as Host header
if host.find('
:') >= 0
:
host_enc = b'[' + host_enc + b']'
if port == self.default_port
:
self.pu
theader('Host', host_enc)
else
:
host_enc = host_enc.decode("ascii")
self.pu
theader('Host', "%s
:%s" % (host_enc, port))
# note
: we are assuming that clients will not attempt to set
these
# headers since *th
is* library must deal w
ith
the
# consequences. th
is also means that when
the supporting
# libraries are updated to recognize o
ther forms,
then th
is
# code should be changed (removed or updated).
# we only want a Content-Encoding of "ident
ity" since we don't
#
support encodings such as x-gzip or x-deflate.
if not skip_accept_encoding
:
self.pu
theader('Accept-Encoding', 'ident
ity')
# we can accept "chunked" Transfer-Encodings,
but no o
thers
# NOTE
: no TE header implies *only* "chunked"
#self.pu
theader('TE', 'chunked')
# if TE
is supplied in
the header,
then
it must appear in a
#
Connection header.
#self.pu
theader('
Connection', 'TE')
else
:
# For HTTP/1.0,
the server will assume "not chunked"
pass
def _encode_request(self, request)
:
# ASCII also helps prevent CVE-2019-9740.
return request.encode('ascii')
def _validate_method(self, method)
:
"""Validate a method name for putrequest."""
# prevent http header injection
match = _contains_d
isallowed_method_pchar_re.search(method)
if match
:
ra
ise Value
Error(
f"method can't contain control characters. {method!r} "
f"(found at least {match.group()!r})")
def _validate_path(self, url)
:
"""Validate a url for putrequest."""
# Prevent CVE-2019-9740.
match = _contains_d
isallowed_url_pchar_re.search(url)
if match
:
ra
ise InvalidURL(f"URL can't contain control characters. {url!r} "
f"(found at least {match.group()!r})")
def _validate_host(self, host)
:
"""Validate a host so
it doesn't contain control characters."""
# Prevent CVE-2019-18348.
match = _contains_d
isallowed_url_pchar_re.search(host)
if match
:
ra
ise InvalidURL(f"URL can't contain control characters. {host!r} "
f"(found at least {match.group()!r})")
def pu
theader(self, header, *values)
:
"""Send a request header line to
the server.
For example
: h.pu
theader('Accept', 'text/html')
"""
if self.__state != _CS_REQ_STARTED
:
ra
ise CannotSendHeader()
if hasattr(header, 'encode')
:
header = header.encode('ascii')
if not _
is_legal_header_name(header)
:
ra
ise Value
Error('Invalid header name %r' % (header,))
values = l
ist(values)
for i, one_value in enumerate(values)
:
if hasattr(one_value, 'encode')
:
values[i] = one_value.encode('latin-1')
elif
isinstance(one_value, int)
:
values[i] = str(one_value).encode('ascii')
if _
is_illegal_header_value(values[i])
:
ra
ise Value
Error('Invalid header value %r' % (values[i],))
value = b'\r\n\t'.join(values)
header = header + b'
: ' + value
self._output(header)
def endheaders(self, message_body=None, *, encode_chunked=False)
:
"""Indicate that
the last header line has been sent to
the server.
Th
is method sends
the request to
the server.
The optional message_body
argument can be used to pass a message body associated w
ith
the
request.
"""
if self.__state == _CS_REQ_STARTED
:
self.__state = _CS_REQ_SENT
else
:
ra
ise CannotSendHeader()
self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers={}, *,
encode_chunked=False)
:
"""Send a complete request to
the server."""
self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
def _send_request(self, method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
:
# Honor explic
itly requested Host
: and Accept-Encoding
: headers.
header_names = frozenset(k.lower() for k in headers)
skips = {}
if 'host' in header_names
:
skips['skip_host'] = 1
if 'accept-encoding' in header_names
:
skips['skip_accept_encoding'] = 1
self.putrequest(method, url, **skips)
# chunked encoding will happen if HTTP/1.1
is used and e
ither
#
the caller passes encode_chunked=True or
the following
# cond
itions hold
:
# 1. content-length has not been explic
itly set
# 2.
the body
is a file or
iterable,
but not a str or bytes-like
# 3. Transfer-Encoding has NOT been explic
itly set by
the caller
if 'content-length' not in header_names
:
# only chunk body if not explic
itly set for backwards
# compatibil
ity, assuming
the client code
is already handling
the
# chunking
if 'transfer-encoding' not in header_names
:
# if content-length cannot be automatically determined, fall
# back to chunked encoding
encode_chunked = False
content_length = self._get_content_length(body, method)
if content_length
is None
:
if body
is not None
:
if self.debuglevel > 0
:
print('Unable to determine size of %r' % body)
encode_chunked = True
self.pu
theader('Transfer-Encoding', 'chunked')
else
:
self.pu
theader('Content-Length', str(content_length))
else
:
encode_chunked = False
for hdr, value in headers.
items()
:
self.pu
theader(hdr, value)
if
isinstance(body, str)
:
# RFC 2616 Section 3.7.1 says that text default has a
# default charset of
iso-8859-1.
body = _encode(body, 'body')
self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
def getresponse(self)
:
"""Get
the response from
the server.
If
the HTTP
Connection is in
the correct state, returns an
instance of HTTPResponse or of whatever object
is returned by
the response_class variable.
If a request has not been sent or if a previous response has
not be handled, ResponseNotReady
is ra
ised. If
the HTTP
response indicates that
the connection should be closed,
then
it will be closed before
the response
is returned. When
the
connection is closed,
the underlying socket
is closed.
"""
# if a prior response has been completed,
then forget about
it.
if self.__response and self.__response.
isclosed()
:
self.__response = None
# if a prior response ex
ists,
then
it must be completed (o
therw
ise, we
# cannot read th
is response's header to determine
the connection-close
# behavior)
#
# note
: if a prior response ex
isted,
but was
connection-close,
then
the
# socket and response were made independent of th
is HTTP
Connection
# object since a new request requires that we open a whole new
#
connection
#
# th
is means
the prior response had one of two states
:
# 1) will_close
: th
is connection was reset and
the prior socket and
# response operate independently
# 2) pers
istent
: the response was retained and we awa
it its
#
isclosed() status to become true.
#
if self.__state != _CS_REQ_SENT or self.__response
:
ra
ise ResponseNotReady(self.__state)
if self.debuglevel > 0
:
response = self.response_class(self.sock, self.debuglevel,
method=self._method)
else
:
response = self.response_class(self.sock, method=self._method)
try
:
try
:
response.begin()
except
ConnectionError:
self.close()
ra
ise
assert response.will_close != _UNKNOWN
self.__state = _CS_IDLE
if response.will_close
:
# th
is effectively passes
the connection to
the response
self.close()
else
:
# remember th
is, so we can tell when
it is complete
self.__response = response
return response
except
:
response.close()
ra
ise
try
:
import
ssl
except Import
Error:
pass
else
:
class HTTPS
Connection(HTTP
Connection)
:
"Th
is class allows communication via
SSL."
default_port = HTTPS_PORT
# XXX Should key_file and cert_file be deprecated in favour of context?
def __in
it__(self, host, port=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None,
timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
source_address=None, *, context=None,
check_hostname=None, blocksize=8192)
:
super(HTTPS
Connection, self).__in
it__(host, port, timeout,
source_address,
blocksize=blocksize)
if (key_file
is not None or cert_file
is not None or
check_hostname
is not None)
:
import warnings
warnings.warn("key_file, cert_file and check_hostname are "
"deprecated, use a custom context instead.",
DeprecationWarning, 2)
self.key_file = key_file
self.cert_file = cert_file
if context
is None
:
context =
ssl._create_default_https_context()
# send ALPN extension to indicate HTTP/1.1 protocol
if self._http_vsn == 11
:
context.set_alpn_protocols(['http/1.1'])
# enable PHA for TLS 1.3
connections if available
if context.post_handshake_auth
is not None
:
context.post_handshake_auth = True
will_verify = context.verify_mode !=
ssl.CERT_NONE
if check_hostname
is None
:
check_hostname = context.check_hostname
if check_hostname and not will_verify
:
ra
ise Value
Error("check_hostname needs a
SSL context w
ith "
"e
ither CERT_OPTIONAL or CERT_
REQUIRED")
if key_file or cert_file
:
context.load_cert_chain(cert_file, key_file)
# cert and key file means
the user wants to au
thenticate.
# enable TLS 1.3 PHA implic
itly even for custom contexts.
if context.post_handshake_auth
is not None
:
context.post_handshake_auth = True
self._context = context
if check_hostname
is not None
:
self._context.check_hostname = check_hostname
def connect(self)
:
"Connect to a host on a given (
SSL) port."
super().connect()
if self._tunnel_host
:
server_hostname = self._tunnel_host
else
:
server_hostname = self.host
self.sock = self._context.wrap_socket(self.sock,
server_hostname=
server_hostname)
__all__.append("HTTPS
Connection")
class HTTPException(Exception)
:
# Subclasses that define an __in
it__ must call Exception.__in
it__
# or define self.args. O
therw
ise, str() will fail.
pass
class NotConnected(HTTPException)
:
pass
class InvalidURL(HTTPException)
:
pass
class UnknownProtocol(HTTPException)
:
def __in
it__(self, version)
:
self.args = version,
self.version = version
class UnknownTransferEncoding(HTTPException)
:
pass
class UnimplementedFileMode(HTTPException)
:
pass
class IncompleteRead(HTTPException)
:
def __in
it__(self, partial, expected=None)
:
self.args = partial,
self.partial = partial
self.expected = expected
def __repr__(self)
:
if self.expected
is not None
:
e = ', %i more expected' % self.expected
else
:
e = ''
return '%s(%i bytes read%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__,
len(self.partial), e)
__str__ = object.__str__
class Improper
ConnectionState(HTTPException)
:
pass
class CannotSendRequest(Improper
ConnectionState)
:
pass
class CannotSendHeader(Improper
ConnectionState)
:
pass
class ResponseNotReady(Improper
ConnectionState)
:
pass
class BadStatusLine(HTTPException)
:
def __in
it__(self, line)
:
if not line
:
line = repr(line)
self.args = line,
self.line = line
class LineTooLong(HTTPException)
:
def __in
it__(self, line_type)
:
HTTPException.__in
it__(self, "got more than %d bytes when reading %s"
% (_MAXLINE, line_type))
class RemoteD
isconnected(
ConnectionReset
Error, BadStatusLine)
:
def __in
it__(self, *pos, **kw)
:
BadStatusLine.__in
it__(self, "")
ConnectionReset
Error.__in
it__(self, *pos, **kw)
# for backwards compatibil
ity
error = HTTPException
解析这些代码 怎么联接这个
服务器
本文指导如何在MySQL Workbench中修复新建连接时强制使用SSL的问题，通过编辑connections.xml文件并调整'useSSL'值来重新连接。
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