本文介绍了Struts框架，它可替代servlet技术，封装请求数据等功能。阐述了请求在Struts2框架中的处理步骤，还说明了在web项目中使用Struts的配置过程，包括导入jar包、新建Action类、编写struts.xml和web.xml等。最后对struts-default.xml文件进行了详细解读。
Struts使用入门
Struts简介
Struts 官网地址 :https://struts.apache.org/
那么我们知道Strtus只一个web框架，用它可以来替换我们之前所用过的servlet技术，它帮我们封装了 请求数据的功能，简化国际化，简化文件上传，后台数据校验等等。既然使用它，我们先来看下它执行的过程
- Controller
-
通过Filter 过滤请求 -
Interceptors 拦截器，在调用Action前或之后由拦截器对请求进行预处理，或后处理 - Model
-
Action 处理业务逻辑，并为页面提供输出的数据； - View
-
页面模版[JSP]
一个请求在Struts2框架中的处理分为以下几个步骤：
1.客户端发出一个指向servlet容器的请求(tomcat)；
2.这个请求会经过图中的几个过滤器，最后会到达FilterDispatcher过滤器。
3.过滤器FilterDispatcher是struts2框架的心脏，在处理用户请求时，它和请求一起相互配合访问struts2的底层框架结构。在web容器启动时，struts2框架会自动加载配置文件里相关参数，并转换成相应的类。
如：ConfigurationManager、ActionMapper和ObjectFactory。ConfigurationManager 存有配置文件的一些基本信息，ActionMapper存有action的配置信息。在请求过程中所有的对象（Action，Results,Interceptors，等）都是通过ObjectFactory来创建的。过滤器会通过询问ActionMapper类来查找请求中需要用到的Action。
4.如果找到需要调用的Action，过滤器会把请求的处理交给ActionProxy。ActionProxy为Action的代理对象。ActionProxy通过ConfigurationManager询问框架的配置文件，找到需要调用的Action类。
5.ActionProxy创建一个ActionInvocation的实例。ActionInvocation在ActionProxy层之下，它表示了Action的执行状态,或者说它控制的Action的执行步骤。它持有Action实例和所有的Interceptor。
6.ActionInvocation实例使用命名模式来调用，
- ActionInvocation初始化时，根据配置，加载Action相关的所有Interceptor。
- 通过ActionInvocation.invoke方法调用Action实现时，执行Interceptor。在调用Action的过程前后，涉及到相关拦截器(intercepetor)的调用。
7 .一旦Action执行完毕，ActionInvocation负责根据struts.xml中的配置找到对应的返回结果。返回结果
接下来我们在web项目中进行Struts的使用
首先 把 Struts所需要的jar包导入到项目中 [WEB-INF/lib中]
接下来，新建Action类
这里我们是通过 继承了 ActionSupport类，默认访问的是该类的 execute方法
返回值是在 后面需要配置的struts.xml中的 result配置中去找对应的返回视图
接下来编写 struts.xml，注意 该文件必须位于 src目录下，
配置如下
这里通过package 描述一个包配置，其中 name 只是一个包名，继承于struts-default默认的包配置,在通过action配置 我们需要访问的Action类
action节点中有 name配置，这个name致我们需要访问的url配置，class是我们编写的Action类的具体路径[包+类名],result配置则是Action类中返回的视图配置，name值应该与Acton类中返回的一致，默认去WebRoot目录下找该资源
到此，Action配置完毕，我们还需要配置web.xml，上面我们知道Struts是基于Filter实现，那么我们在web.xml中 配置对应的过滤器即可
配置如下:
success.jsp
接下来我们把项目部署到Tomcat中，然后启动Tomcat，访问该地址
到此struts配置完毕
执行过程
那么接下来我们看看struts执行的过程
启动项目[Tomcat]
1.创建核心过滤器 StrutsPreparedAndExecuteFilter对象
2.执行核心过滤器的init方法
读取了以下配置[依次读取]
struts-default.xml [struts2 默认配置文件]
struts-plugin.xml [struts2 插件配置文件]
struts.xml [自己写的业务的配置文件(包含了配置的Action)]
类代码位于 strtus-core的jar中的 Dispatcher类中
如下
访问资源
3.在框架中查询对应的Action配置，得到Class内容，创建Action对象
4.读取Action配置的 method内容，执行Action对象的对应方法
struts-default.xml文件详解
此文件位于 struts-core 核心包中
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!--
/*
* $Id: struts-default.xml 1326928 2012-04-17 05:03:45Z lukaszlenart $
*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
-->
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<bean class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory" name="xwork" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsObjectFactory" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.FileManager" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.fs.DefaultFileManager" name="xwork"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.FileManager" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.fs.DefaultFileManager" name="struts"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxyFactory" name="xwork" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxyFactory"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxyFactory" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxyFactory"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.ObjectTypeDeterminer" name="tiger" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultObjectTypeDeterminer"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.ObjectTypeDeterminer" name="notiger" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultObjectTypeDeterminer"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.ObjectTypeDeterminer" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultObjectTypeDeterminer"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.PatternMatcher" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.WildcardHelper" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.PatternMatcher" name="namedVariable" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.NamedVariablePatternMatcher"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.PatternMatcher" name="regex" class="org.apache.struts2.util.RegexPatternMatcher"/>
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.ActionMapper" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.DefaultActionMapper" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.ActionMapper" name="composite" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.CompositeActionMapper" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.ActionMapper" name="restful" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.RestfulActionMapper" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.ActionMapper" name="restful2" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.Restful2ActionMapper" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.MultiPartRequest" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.JakartaMultiPartRequest" scope="default"/>
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.MultiPartRequest" name="jakarta" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.JakartaMultiPartRequest" scope="default" />
<constant name="struts.multipart.handler" value="jakarta" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.views.TagLibrary" name="s" class="org.apache.struts2.views.DefaultTagLibrary" />
<bean class="org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerManager" name="struts" />
<bean class="org.apache.struts2.views.velocity.VelocityManager" name="struts" optional="true" />
<bean class="org.apache.struts2.components.template.TemplateEngineManager" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.components.template.TemplateEngine" name="ftl" class="org.apache.struts2.components.template.FreemarkerTemplateEngine" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.components.template.TemplateEngine" name="vm" class="org.apache.struts2.components.template.VelocityTemplateEngine" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.components.template.TemplateEngine" name="jsp" class="org.apache.struts2.components.template.JspTemplateEngine" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.XWorkConverter" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.XWorkConverter" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.XWorkConverter" name="xwork1" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.XWorkConverter" />
<bean class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.XWorkBasicConverter" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.TypeConverter" name="collection" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.CollectionConverter" scope="singleton"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.TypeConverter" name="array" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.ArrayConverter" scope="singleton"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.TypeConverter" name="date" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DateConverter" scope="singleton"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.TypeConverter" name="number" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.NumberConverter" scope="singleton"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.TypeConverter" name="string" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.StringConverter" scope="singleton"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.TextProvider" name="xwork1" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.TextProviderSupport" scope="default" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.TextProvider" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.TextProviderSupport" scope="default" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.components.UrlRenderer" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.components.ServletUrlRenderer"/>
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.views.util.UrlHelper" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.views.util.DefaultUrlHelper"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStackFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStackFactory" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.reflection.ReflectionProvider" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlReflectionProvider" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.reflection.ReflectionContextFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlReflectionContextFactory" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.TextProvider" name="system" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultTextProvider" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.NullHandler" name="java.lang.Object" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.InstantiatingNullHandler" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ActionValidatorManager" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.AnnotationActionValidatorManager" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ActionValidatorManager" name="no-annotations" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.DefaultActionValidatorManager" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidatorFactory" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.DefaultValidatorFactory"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidatorFileParser" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.DefaultValidatorFileParser" />
<bean class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlUtil" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.CompoundRoot" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.CompoundRootAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.lang.Object" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.ObjectAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Iterator" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkIteratorPropertyAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Enumeration" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkEnumerationAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.List" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkListPropertyAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Set" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkCollectionPropertyAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Map" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkMapPropertyAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Collection" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkCollectionPropertyAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.ObjectProxy" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.ObjectProxyPropertyAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.MethodAccessor" name="java.lang.Object" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkMethodAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.MethodAccessor" name="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.CompoundRoot" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.CompoundRootAccessor" />
<bean class="org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.ui.OgnlTool" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StaticContentLoader" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.DefaultStaticContentLoader" name="struts" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.UnknownHandlerManager" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultUnknownHandlerManager" name="struts" />
<!-- Silly workarounds for OGNL since there is currently no way to flush its internal caches -->
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.ArrayList" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkListPropertyAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.HashSet" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkCollectionPropertyAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.HashMap" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkMapPropertyAccessor" />
<package name="struts-default" abstract="true">
<result-types>
<result-type name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionChainResult"/>
<result-type name="dispatcher" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletDispatcherResult" default="true"/>
<result-type name="freemarker" class="org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerResult"/>
<result-type name="httpheader" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.HttpHeaderResult"/>
<result-type name="redirect" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletRedirectResult"/>
<result-type name="redirectAction" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletActionRedirectResult"/>
<result-type name="stream" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StreamResult"/>
<result-type name="velocity" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.VelocityResult"/>
<result-type name="xslt" class="org.apache.struts2.views.xslt.XSLTResult"/>
<result-type name="plainText" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.PlainTextResult" />
</result-types>
<interceptors>
<interceptor name="alias" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="autowiring" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.interceptor.ActionAutowiringInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="conversionError" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.StrutsConversionErrorInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="cookie" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CookieInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="clearSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ClearSessionInterceptor" />
<interceptor name="createSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CreateSessionInterceptor" />
<interceptor name="debugging" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor" />
<interceptor name="execAndWait" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ExecuteAndWaitInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="exception" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="fileUpload" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="i18n" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="logger" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.LoggingInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="modelDriven" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="scopedModelDriven" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="params" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="actionMappingParams" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ActionMappingParametersInteceptor"/>
<interceptor name="prepare" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="staticParams" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="scope" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ScopeInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="servletConfig" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="timer" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.TimerInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="token" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="tokenSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenSessionStoreInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="validation" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="workflow" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="store" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MessageStoreInterceptor" />
<interceptor name="checkbox" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor" />
<interceptor name="profiling" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ProfilingActivationInterceptor" />
<interceptor name="roles" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RolesInterceptor" />
<interceptor name="annotationWorkflow" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.annotations.AnnotationWorkflowInterceptor" />
<interceptor name="multiselect" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor" />
<!-- Basic stack -->
<interceptor-stack name="basicStack">
<interceptor-ref name="exception"/>
<interceptor-ref name="servletConfig"/>
<interceptor-ref name="prepare"/>
<interceptor-ref name="checkbox"/>
<interceptor-ref name="multiselect"/>
<interceptor-ref name="actionMappingParams"/>
<interceptor-ref name="params">
<param name="excludeParams">dojo\..*,^struts\..*,^session\..*,^request\..*,^application\..*,^servlet(Request|Response)\..*,parameters\...*</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample validation and workflow stack -->
<interceptor-stack name="validationWorkflowStack">
<interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
<interceptor-ref name="validation"/>
<interceptor-ref name="workflow"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample file upload stack -->
<interceptor-stack name="fileUploadStack">
<interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"/>
<interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample model-driven stack -->
<interceptor-stack name="modelDrivenStack">
<interceptor-ref name="modelDriven"/>
<interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample action chaining stack -->
<interceptor-stack name="chainStack">
<interceptor-ref name="chain"/>
<interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample i18n stack -->
<interceptor-stack name="i18nStack">
<interceptor-ref name="i18n"/>
<interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- An example of the paramsPrepareParams trick. This stack
is exactly the same as the defaultStack, except that it
includes one extra interceptor before the prepare interceptor:
the params interceptor.
This is useful for when you wish to apply parameters directly
to an object that you wish to load externally (such as a DAO
or database or service layer), but can't load that object
until at least the ID parameter has been loaded. By loading
the parameters twice, you can retrieve the object in the
prepare() method, allowing the second params interceptor to
apply the values on the object. -->
<interceptor-stack name="paramsPrepareParamsStack">
<interceptor-ref name="exception"/>
<interceptor-ref name="alias"/>
<interceptor-ref name="i18n"/>
<interceptor-ref name="checkbox"/>
<interceptor-ref name="multiselect"/>
<interceptor-ref name="params">
<param name="excludeParams">dojo\..*,^struts\..*,^session\..*,^request\..*,^application\..*,^servlet(Request|Response)\..*,parameters\...*</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="servletConfig"/>
<interceptor-ref name="prepare"/>
<interceptor-ref name="chain"/>
<interceptor-ref name="modelDriven"/>
<interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"/>
<interceptor-ref name="staticParams"/>
<interceptor-ref name="actionMappingParams"/>
<interceptor-ref name="params">
<param name="excludeParams">dojo\..*,^struts\..*,^session\..*,^request\..*,^application\..*,^servlet(Request|Response)\..*,parameters\...*</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
<interceptor-ref name="validation">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="workflow">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
</interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- A complete stack with all the common interceptors in place.
Generally, this stack should be the one you use, though it
may do more than you need. Also, the ordering can be
switched around (ex: if you wish to have your servlet-related
objects applied before prepare() is called, you'd need to move
servletConfig interceptor up.
This stack also excludes from the normal validation and workflow
the method names input, back, and cancel. These typically are
associated with requests that should not be validated.
-->
<interceptor-stack name="defaultStack">
<interceptor-ref name="exception"/>
<interceptor-ref name="alias"/>
<interceptor-ref name="servletConfig"/>
<interceptor-ref name="i18n"/>
<interceptor-ref name="prepare"/>
<interceptor-ref name="chain"/>
<interceptor-ref name="scopedModelDriven"/>
<interceptor-ref name="modelDriven"/>
<interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"/>
<interceptor-ref name="checkbox"/>
<interceptor-ref name="multiselect"/>
<interceptor-ref name="staticParams"/>
<interceptor-ref name="actionMappingParams"/>
<interceptor-ref name="params">
<param name="excludeParams">dojo\..*,^struts\..*,^session\..*,^request\..*,^application\..*,^servlet(Request|Response)\..*,parameters\...*</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
<interceptor-ref name="validation">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="workflow">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="debugging"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- The completeStack is here for backwards compatibility for
applications that still refer to the defaultStack by the
old name -->
<interceptor-stack name="completeStack">
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample execute and wait stack.
Note: execAndWait should always be the *last* interceptor. -->
<interceptor-stack name="executeAndWaitStack">
<interceptor-ref name="execAndWait">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
<interceptor-ref name="execAndWait">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel</param>
</interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
</interceptors>
<default-interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
<default-class-ref class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport" />
</package>
</struts>
查看源文件，我们可以看到有几项配置
1.声明了struts框架运行使用到的一些对象 <bean…>配置
2.默认包 包名 struts-default(注意:自己写的package必须继承这个默认包,只有继承才能使用其下的功能)
2.1. 此包下配置,此处是跳转类型
我们常用的有 redirect: 重定向到页面
redirectAction:重定向到Action
dispatcher: 转发到页面
chain:转发到Action
stream:把一般内容输出到流
（=在此可以演示下不同的跳转的效果=）
2.2.声明拦截器(interceptors 32个内置拦截器)
struts默认拦截器：完成struts2核心功能(请求封装，文件上传等)
拦截器 vs 过滤器
过滤器:可过滤任何类型的请求(html/servlet/jsp)和响应
拦截器:是struts2特有的功能，只能过滤Action
2.3.声明拦截器(interceptor-stack name=“basicStack”)
2.4.默认包使用的拦截器
注意:我们使用的包就是继承 此默认包
2.5 当前默认包下的默认Action
<default-class-ref class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport" />
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