Django模型关系建表查询和序列化嵌套使用_djangorest modelserializer 嵌套一对多通过主表查附表-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/xiaoyaGrace/article/details/105833376

本文详细介绍了Django中模型的一对一、一对多关系建表及查询操作，包括正向查询和反向查询。同时展示了如何通过序列化器实现数据的嵌套序列化，以达到复杂数据结构的展示，如老师与班级及班级中学生信息的嵌套。

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Django模型关系建表查询和序列化嵌套使用

模型部分

1.一对一

模型：

class Class(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
cname = models.CharField(max_length=32)
cdata = models.DateField()

def __str__(self):
return self.cname

class Student(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
sname = models.CharField(max_length=32)
# 一对多
# cid = models.ForeignKey(to="Class",to_field="id",related_name="student")
cid = models.ForeignKey(Class, to_field="id",related_name='class_related')
# 一对一
detail = models.OneToOneField(StudentDetail, to_field="id",related_name='detail_related')
# 等同于如下的代码
# detail = models.ForeignKey(to="StudentDetail",to_field="id",unique=True)

class StudentDetail(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
height = models.PositiveIntegerField()
email = models.EmailField()
memo = models.CharField(max_length=128)
查询：

#正向查询（由学生信息表查询学生详情表）
stu = models.Student.objects.first()
stu.detail.email
'234@qq'
#反向查询（由学生详情表反向查询学生信息表）
std = StudentDetail.objects.first()
std.detailtostudent_related
'小明'
2.一对多

模型：

class Class(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
cname = models.CharField(max_length=32)
cdata = models.DateField()

def __str__(self):
return self.cname

class Student(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
sname = models.CharField(max_length=32)
# 一对多
cid = models.ForeignKey(Class, to_field="id",related_name='class_related')
# 一对一
detail = models.OneToOneField(StudentDetail, to_field="id",related_name='detail_related')

查询：

#正向查询
stu = Student.objects.first()
<Student: 小明>
stu.cid
<Class: 火箭1班>
#反向查询
cls = Class.objects.first()
cls.class_related.all()
<QuerySet [<Student: 小明>, <Student: 小花>, <Student: 小王>]>

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效果：

{
      "sname": "小王",
      "cid": {
         "cname": "一班",
         "cdata": "2018-11-17"
      },
      "detail": {
         "height": 180,
         "email": "123@qq.com",
         "memo": "lol"
      }
},
3.多对多对

效果（查询出当前老师的所有班级和对应的班级的所有学生）：

{
      "tname": "王老师",
      "classes": [
         {
            "cname": "一班",
            "class_related": [
                  {
                     "sname": "小王",
                     "detail": {
                        "height": 180,
                        "email": "123@qq.com",
                        "memo": "lol"
                     }
                  }
            ]
         },
         {
            "cname": "二班",
            "class_related": [
                  {
                     "sname": "小刘",
                     "detail": {
                        "height": 175,
                        "email": "234@qq.com",
                        "memo": "dnf"
                     }
                  }
            ]
         },
         {
            "cname": "三班",
            "class_related": [
                  {
                     "sname": "小李",
                     "detail": {
                        "height": 170,
                        "email": "345@qq.com",
                        "memo": "wow"
                     }
                  }
            ]
         },
         {
            "cname": "四班",
            "class_related": [
                  {
                     "sname": "小赵",
                     "detail": {
                        "height": 165,
                        "email": "456@qq.com",
                        "memo": "h1z1"
                     }
                  }
            ]
         }
      ]
},
序列化器：

class StudentsSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
detail = StudentDetailSerializer()

class Meta:
      model = Student
      fields = ('sname','detail')

class ClassSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
#此处可以使用related_name来关联上student表
class_related = StudentsSerializer(many=True)

class Meta:
      model = Class
      fields = ('cname','class_related')

class TeacherSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
classes = ClassSerializer(many=True)

class Meta:
      model = Teacher
      fields = ('tname','classes')
视图：

class TeacherView(GenericAPIView):
serializer_class = TeacherSerializer
queryset = Teacher.objects.all()
# renderer_classes = (Utf8JSONRenderer,)

def get(self, request):
      data = self.get_queryset()
      serializer = self.get_serializer(data, many=True)
      return Response(serializer.data)