十一、Python测试代码

Python学习笔记

参考书目：《Python编程从入门到实践（第2版）》，[美] Eric Matthes，袁国忠译

十一、测试代码

1、测试函数

单元测试用于核实函数的某个方面没有问题。测试用例是一组单元测试，全覆盖的测试用例包含一整套的单元测试。

def get_formatted_name(first,last,middle=''):
    if middle:
        full_name = f"{first} {middle} {last}"
    else:    
        full_name = f"{first} {last}"
    return full_name.title()

import unittest

class NamesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    """测试name_function.py"""
    
    def test_first_last_name(self):  # 运行此test.py文件时，所有以test_打头的方法都将自动运行
        """测试是否能够正确处理姓名"""
        formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis','joplin')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name,'Janis Joplin')  # assertEqual:断言方法
    def test_first_middle_last_name(self):
        formatted_name = get_fomatted_name('janis','h','joplin')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name,'Janis Joplin') 
if __name__ == '__main__':
	unittest.main()  # 在Jyputer中会报错，vscode里可以正常输出

Ran 2 tests in 0.000s

OK

2、测试类

常用的断言方法：assertEqual(a,b), assertNotEqual(a,b), assertTrue(x), assertFalse(x), assertIn(item,list), assertNotIn(item,list)

只能在继承了unittest.TestCase的类中使用。

class AnonymousSurvey:
    """收集匿名调查问卷的答案。"""
    def __init__(self, question):
        """存储一个问题，并为存储答案做准备。""" 
        self.question = question 
        self.responses = []
        
    def show_question(self):
        """显示调查问卷。"""
        print(self.question)
        
    def store_response(self, new_response):
        """存储单份调查答卷。"""
        self.responses.append(new_response)
        
    def show_results(self):
        """显示收集到的所有答卷。""" 
        print("Survey results:")
        for response in self.responses:
            print(f"- {response}")

1)

import unittest

class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
    """针对AnonymousSurvey类的测试"""
        
    def test_store_single_response(self):
        """测试单个答案会被妥善地储存"""
        question = "What language did you learn first?"
        my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
        my_survey.store_response('English')
        self.assertIn('English',my_survey.responses)
        
    def test_store_three_respunses(self):
        """测试三个答案会被妥善地存储"""
        question = "What language did you learn first?"
        my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
        responses = ['English','Chinese','Janpanese']
        for response in responses:
            my_survey.store_response(response)
        for response in responses:
            self.assertIn(response,my_survey.responses)
        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

Ran 2 tests in 0.000s

OK

2）方法setUp()，可以创建答案一次，便在每个测试方法中使用

class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
    """针对AnonymousSurvey类的测试"""
    
    def setUp(self):
        """创建一个调查对象和一组答案，供使用的测试方法使用"""
        question = "What language did you learn first?"
        self.my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
        self.responses = ['English','Chinese','Janpanese']
        
    def test_store_single_response(self):
        """测试单个答案会被妥善地储存"""
        self.my_survey.store_response(self.responses[0])
        self.assertIn(self.responses[0],self.my_survey.responses)
        
    def test_store_three_respunses(self):
        """测试三个答案会被妥善地存储"""
        for response in self.responses:
            self.my_survey.store_response(response)
        for response in self.responses:
            self.assertIn(response,self.my_survey.responses)