pyspark源码之SparkSubmit学习（ SparkSubmit.scala）

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-12 16:35:28 发布

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本文详细探讨了SparkSubmit的源码，重点关注SparkSubmitAction、SparkSubmitUtil和SparkSubmit对象。SparkSubmitAction枚举定义了提交、杀死和请求应用程序状态等操作。SparkSubmit对象处理提交、杀死和请求状态的逻辑，支持YARN、STANDALONE、MESOS和LOCAL等集群管理器，以及CLIENT和CLUSTER部署模式。主要方法main()根据action执行相应操作，submit方法负责应用程序的提交，涉及环境准备和主类的运行。kill和requestStatus方法分别用于取消和查询应用程序状态，适用于独立和Mesos集群模式。

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本系列文章是下载的是spark2.2.1版本的源码进行相关分析和学习。

SparkSubmit.scala包含了3个Object和1个class，分别是SparkSubmitAction、SparkSubmit、SparkSubmitUtil和OptionAssigner。
（1）首先来看一下SparkSubmitAction
SparkSubmitAction是一个只允许在deploy包中访问的枚举子类，用来判断sparksubmit命令的请求类型。
类型分为三种：提交、杀死或请求应用程序的状态，但后两种操作目前仅支持独立模式和Mesos集群模式
源码如下：
private[deploy] object SparkSubmitAction extends Enumeration {
type SparkSubmitAction = Value
val SUBMIT, KILL, REQUEST_STATUS = Value
}
（2）其次SparkSubmitUtils也是一个Object，由它是一个sparksubmit的辅助类，主要用于提供在SparkSubmit内部使用的一些方法.
（3）最后我们说一下SparkSubmit，它是一个非常重要的Object。
// Cluster managers集群管理器
private val YARN = 1
private val STANDALONE = 2
private val MESOS = 4
private val LOCAL = 8
private val ALL_CLUSTER_MGRS = YARN | STANDALONE | MESOS | LOCAL

// Deploy modes部署模式
private val CLIENT = 1
private val CLUSTER = 2
private val ALL_DEPLOY_MODES = CLIENT | CLUSTER

// Special primary resource names that represent shells rather than application jars.
//表示shell而不是应用程序jars的特殊的主要资源名。
private val SPARK_SHELL = "spark-shell"
private val PYSPARK_SHELL = "pyspark-shell"
private val SPARKR_SHELL = "sparkr-shell"
private val SPARKR_PACKAGE_ARCHIVE = "sparkr.zip"
private val R_PACKAGE_ARCHIVE = "rpkg.zip"

我们可以看下主方法main()：
override def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val appArgs = new SparkSubmitArguments(args)//新建一个SparkSubmitArguments对象
if (appArgs.verbose) {//如果appArgs是冗长的则打印，且在打印时会修改敏感信息
// scalastyle:off println
printStream.println(appArgs)
// scalastyle:on println
}
appArgs.action match {
case SparkSubmitAction.SUBMIT => submit(appArgs)//通过spark-submit提交应用程序
case SparkSubmitAction.KILL => kill(appArgs)//通过spark-submit取消应用程序，目前仅支持独立模式和Mesos集群模式
case SparkSubmitAction.REQUEST_STATUS => requestStatus(appArgs)//通过spark-submit请求得到应用程序状态，目前仅支持独立模式和Mesos集群模式

}
}

通过主程序可以看出，在主程序通过匹配action来完成相关操作：包括提交应用程序，取消应用程序，或请求应用程序状态三种，
但后两种目前仅支持独立模式和Mesos集群模式
我们先来看看submit操作：
submit方法中首先通过CLI传递过来的参数，设置不同模式下的合适的类路径、系统属性及应用参数，然后创建环境运行应用程序的Main方法。
具体内容如下：
private def submit(args: SparkSubmitArguments): Unit = {
val (childArgs, childClasspath, sysProps, childMainClass) = prepareSubmitEnvironment(args)//准备提交环境

def doRunMain(): Unit = {
if (args.proxyUser != null) {
val proxyUser = UserGroupInformation.createProxyUser(args.proxyUser,
UserGroupInformation.getCurrentUser())
try {
proxyUser.doAs(new PrivilegedExceptionAction[Unit]() {
override def run(): Unit = {
runMain(childArgs, childClasspath, sysProps, childMainClass, args.verbose)
}
})
} catch {
case e: Exception =>
if (e.getStackTrace().length == 0) {
// scalastyle:off println
printStream.println(s"ERROR: ${e.getClass().getName()}: ${e.getMessage()}")
// scalastyle:on println
exitFn(1)
} else {
throw e
}
}
} else {
runMain(childArgs, childClasspath, sysProps, childMainClass, args.verbose)
}
}

if (args.isStandaloneCluster && args.useRest) {
try {
// scalastyle:off println
printStream.println("Running Spark using the REST application submission protocol.")
// scalastyle:on println
doRunMain()
} catch {
// Fail over to use the legacy submission gateway
case e: SubmitRestConnectionException =>
printWarning(s"Master endpoint ${args.master} was not a REST server. " +
"Falling back to legacy submission gateway instead.")
args.useRest = false
submit(args)
}
// 在所有其他模式中，只需要运行主类就可以了
} else {
doRunMain()
}
}

由此可以看出submit调用doRunMain方法，然后doRunMain方法调用runMain方法触发应用程序的main方法。
runMain方法如下：
private def runMain(
childArgs: Seq[String],
childClasspath: Seq[String],
sysProps: Map[String, String],
childMainClass: String,
verbose: Boolean): Unit = {
// scalastyle:off println
if (verbose) {
printStream.println(s"Main class:\n$childMainClass")
printStream.println(s"Arguments:\n${childArgs.mkString("\n")}")
// sysProps may contain sensitive information, so redact before printing
//sysProps可能包含敏感信息，所以在打印前要重新编辑
printStream.println(s"System properties:\n${Utils.redact(sysProps).mkString("\n")}")
printStream.println(s"Classpath elements:\n${childClasspath.mkString("\n")}")
printStream.println("\n")
}
// scalastyle:on println

val loader =//获取类路径
if (sysProps.getOrElse("spark.driver.userClassPathFirst", "false").toBoolean) {
new ChildFirstURLClassLoader(new Array[URL](0),
Thread.currentThread.getContextClassLoader)
} else {
new MutableURLClassLoader(new Array[URL](0),
Thread.currentThread.getContextClassLoader)
}
Thread.currentThread.setContextClassLoader(loader)

for (jar <- childClasspath) {//将jar包添加到类路径中
addJarToClasspath(jar, loader)
}

for ((key, value) <- sysProps) {//设置相关属性
System.setProperty(key, value)
}

var mainClass: Class[_] = null

try {
mainClass = Utils.classForName(childMainClass)//找到主方法
} catch {
case e: ClassNotFoundException =>
e.printStackTrace(printStream)
if (childMainClass.contains("thriftserver")) {
// scalastyle:off println
printStream.println(s"Failed to load main class $childMainClass.")
printStream.println("You need to build Spark with -Phive and -Phive-thriftserver.")
// scalastyle:on println
}
System.exit(CLASS_NOT_FOUND_EXIT_STATUS)
case e: NoClassDefFoundError =>
e.printStackTrace(printStream)
if (e.getMessage.contains("org/apache/hadoop/hive")) {
// scalastyle:off println
printStream.println(s"Failed to load hive class.")
printStream.println("You need to build Spark with -Phive and -Phive-thriftserver.")
// scalastyle:on println
}
System.exit(CLASS_NOT_FOUND_EXIT_STATUS)
}

// SPARK-4170
if (classOf[scala.App].isAssignableFrom(mainClass)) {//如果没找到应用程序的主方法则给出警告
printWarning("Subclasses of scala.App may not work correctly. Use a main() method instead.")
}

val mainMethod = mainClass.getMethod("main", new Array[String](0).getClass)//确保main方法为静态方法
if (!Modifier.isStatic(mainMethod.getModifiers)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("The main method in the given main class must be static")
}

@tailrec
def findCause(t: Throwable): Throwable = t match {
case e: UndeclaredThrowableException =>
if (e.getCause() != null) findCause(e.getCause()) else e
case e: InvocationTargetException =>
if (e.getCause() != null) findCause(e.getCause()) else e
case e: Throwable =>
e
}

try {
mainMethod.invoke(null, childArgs.toArray)
} catch {
case t: Throwable =>
findCause(t) match {
case SparkUserAppException(exitCode) =>
System.exit(exitCode)

case t: Throwable =>
throw t
}
}
}

接着我们来看看kill操作：
kill操作利用CLI传递过来的子任务ID和master通过REST协议的Post方式取消现有的任务。仅适合独立和Mesos的集群模式。
private def kill(args: SparkSubmitArguments): Unit = {
new RestSubmissionClient(args.master)
.killSubmission(args.submissionToKill)
}

最后我们来看看requestStatus操作：
该操作利用CLI传递过来的子任务ID和master通过REST协议Get方式得到任务的具体信息。仅适合独立和Mesos的集群模式。
private def requestStatus(args: SparkSubmitArguments): Unit = {
new RestSubmissionClient(args.master)
.requestSubmissionStatus(args.submissionToRequestStatusFor)
}

(4)最后附上SparkSubmit.scala源码全文（里面的汉语备注是自己理解翻译的，而英文备注是源码里提供的，可能存在着偏差，如果您有好的解读欢迎指正与分享）

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.spark.deploy

import java.io.{File, IOException}
import java.lang.reflect.{InvocationTargetException, Modifier, UndeclaredThrowableException}
import java.net.URL
import java.nio.file.Files
import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction
import java.text.ParseException

import scala.annotation.tailrec
import scala.collection.mutable.{ArrayBuffer, HashMap, Map}
import scala.util.Properties

import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.{Configuration => HadoopConfiguration}
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.{FileSystem, Path}
import org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation
import org.apache.ivy.Ivy
import org.apache.ivy.core.LogOptions
import org.apache.ivy.core.module.descriptor._
import org.apache.ivy.core.module.id.{ArtifactId, ModuleId, ModuleRevisionId}
import org.apache.ivy.core.report.ResolveReport
import org.apache.ivy.core.resolve.ResolveOptions
import org.apache.ivy.core.retrieve.RetrieveOptions
import org.apache.ivy.core.settings.IvySettings
import org.apache.ivy.plugins.matcher.GlobPatternMatcher
import org.apache.ivy.plugins.repository.file.FileRepository
import org.apache.ivy.plugins.resolver.{ChainResolver, FileSystemResolver, IBiblioResolver}

import org.apache.spark._
import org.apache.spark.api.r.RUtils
import org.apache.spark.deploy.rest._
import org.apache.spark.launcher.SparkLauncher
import org.apache.spark.util._

/**
 * Whether to submit, kill, or request the status of an application.是否提交、杀死或请求应用程序的状态
 * The latter two operations are currently supported only for standalone and Mesos cluster modes.
 *后两种操作目前仅支持独立模式和Mesos集群模式
 */
private[deploy] object SparkSubmitAction extends Enumeration {
  type SparkSubmitAction = Value
  val SUBMIT, KILL, REQUEST_STATUS = Value
}

/**
 * Main gateway of launching a Spark application.动Spark应用程序的主要关口。
 *
 * This program handles setting up the classpath with relevant Spark dependencies and provides
 * a layer over the different cluster managers and deploy modes that Spark supports.
 *该程序将使用相关的Spark依赖性设置类路径classpath ，并提供Spark上支持的不同集群管理器和部署模式的图层。
 */
object SparkSubmit extends CommandLineUtils {

  // Cluster managers集群管理器
  private val YARN = 1
  private val STANDALONE = 2
  private val MESOS = 4
  private val LOCAL = 8
  private val ALL_CLUSTER_MGRS = YARN | STANDALONE | MESOS | LOCAL

  // Deploy modes部署模式
  private val CLIENT = 1
  private val CLUSTER = 2
  private val ALL_DEPLOY_MODES = CLIENT | CLUSTER

  // Special primary resource names that represent shells rather than application jars.
  //表示shell而不是应用程序jars的特殊的主要资源名。
  private val SPARK_SHELL = "spark-shell"
  private val PYSPARK_SHELL = "pyspark-shell"
  private val SPARKR_SHELL = "sparkr-shell"
  private val SPARKR_PACKAGE_ARCHIVE = "sparkr.zip"
  private val R_PACKAGE_ARCHIVE = "rpkg.zip"

  private val CLASS_NOT_FOUND_EXIT_STATUS = 101

  // scalastyle:off println打印并退出
  private[spark] def printVersionAndExit(): Unit = {
    printStream.println("""Welcome to
      ____              __
     / __/__  ___ _____/ /__
    _\ \/ _ \/ _ `/ __/  '_/
   /___/ .__/\_,_/_/ /_/\_\   version %s
      /_/
                        """.format(SPARK_VERSION))//spark的版本信息
    printStream.println("Using Scala %s, %s, %s".format(
      Properties.versionString, Properties.javaVmName, Properties.javaVersion))//Scala版本信息，java虚拟机名字，java版本
    printStream.println("Branch %s".format(SPARK_BRANCH))
    printStream.println("Compiled by user %s on %s".format(SPARK_BUILD_USER, SPARK_BUILD_DATE))
    printStream.println("Revision %s".format(SPARK_REVISION))
    printStream.println("Url %s".format(SPARK_REPO_URL))
    printStream.println("Type --help for more information.")
    exitFn(0)
  }
  // scalastyle:on println

  override def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val appArgs = new SparkSubmitArguments(args)//新建一个SparkSubmitArguments对象
    if (appArgs.verbose) {
      // scalastyle:off println
      printStream.println(appArgs)
      // scalastyle:on println
    }
    appArgs.action match {
      case SparkSubmitAction.SUBMIT => submit(appArgs)
      case SparkSubmitAction.KILL => kill(appArgs)
      case SparkSubmitAction.REQUEST_STATUS => requestStatus(appArgs)
    }
  }

  /**
   * Kill an existing submission using the REST protocol. Standalone and Mesos cluster mode only.
   *使用REST协议杀死现有的提交。仅适合独立和Mesos的集群模式。
   */
  private def kill(args: SparkSubmitArguments): Unit = {
    new RestSubmissionClient(args.master)
      .killSubmission(args.submissionToKill)
  }

  /**
   * Request the status of an existing submission using the REST protocol.
   * Standalone and Mesos cluster mode only.
   *使用REST协议请求现有提交的状态。仅适合独立和Mesos的集群模式。
   */
  private def requestStatus(args: SparkSubmitArguments): Unit = {
    new RestSubmissionClient(args.master)
      .requestSubmissionStatus(args.submissionToRequestStatusFor)
  }

  /**
   * Submit the application using the provided parameters.使用所提供的参数提交应用程序。
   *
   * This runs in two steps. First, we prepare the launch environment by setting up
   * the appropriate classpath, system properties, and application arguments for
   * running the child main class based on the cluster manager and the deploy mode.
   * Second, we use this launch environment to invoke the main method of the child
   * main class.
   *这是两个步骤。首先，我们根据集群管理器和部署模式所运行的子主类来设置正确的类路径classpath、系统属性和应用程序参数从而准备启动环境适当的类路径。
   *第二，我们使用这个启动环境来调用子主方法的主方法。
   */
  @tailrec
  private def submit(args: SparkSubmitArguments): Unit = {
    val (childArgs, childClasspath, sysProps, childMainClass) = prepareSubmitEnvironment(args)//准备提交环境

    def doRunMain(): Unit = {
      if (args.proxyUser != null) {
        val proxyUser = UserGroupInformation.createProxyUser(args.proxyUser,
          UserGroupInformation.getCurrentUser())
        try {
          proxyUser.doAs(new PrivilegedExceptionAction[Unit]() {
            override def run(): Unit = {
              runMain(childArgs, childClasspath, sysProps, childMainClass, args.verbose)
            }
          })
        } catch {
          case e: Exception =>
            // Hadoop's AuthorizationException suppresses the exception's stack trace, which
            // makes the message printed to the output by the JVM not very helpful. Instead,
            // detect exceptions with empty stack traces here, and treat them differently.
            if (e.getStackTrace().length == 0) {
              // scalastyle:off println
              printStream.println(s"ERROR: ${e.getClass().getName()}: ${e.getMessage()}")
              // scalastyle:on println
              exitFn(1)
            } else {
              throw e
            }
        }
      } else {
        runMain(childArgs, childClasspath, sysProps, childMainClass, args.verbose)
      }
    }

     // In standalone cluster mode, there are two submission gateways:
     //   (1) The traditional RPC gateway using o.a.s.deploy.Client as a wrapper
     //   (2) The new REST-based gateway introduced in Spark 1.3
     // The latter is the default behavior as of Spark 1.3, but Spark submit will fail over
     // to use the legacy gateway if the master endpoint turns out to be not a REST server.
    if (args.isStandaloneCluster && args.useRest) {
      try {
        // scalastyle:off println
        printStream.println("Running Spark using the REST application submission protocol.")
        // scalastyle:on println
        doRunMain()
      } catch {
        // Fail over to use the legacy submission gateway
        case e: SubmitRestConnectionException =>
          printWarning(s"Master endpoint ${args.master} was not a REST server. " +
            "Falling back to legacy submission gateway instead.")
          args.useRest = false
          submit(args)
      }
    // In all other modes, just run the main class as prepared
    } else {
      doRunMain()
    }
  }

  /**
   * Prepare the environment for submitting an application.为提交应用程序准备环境
   *
   * @param args the parsed SparkSubmitArguments used for environment preparation.用于准备环境解析过的SparkSubmitArguments
   * @param conf the Hadoop Configuration, this argument will only be set in unit test.Hadoop配置，这个参数只会在hadoop的单元测试中设置
   * @return a 4-tuple:
   *        (1) the arguments for the child process,关于子进程的参数
   *        (2) a list of classpath entries for the child,子类的类路径classpath条目列表
   *        (3) a map of system properties, and系统属性的映射
   *        (4) the main class for the child子进程的主类
   *
   * Exposed for testing.
   */
  private[deploy] def prepareSubmitEnvironment(
      args: SparkSubmitArguments,
      conf: Option[HadoopConfiguration] = None)
      : (Seq[String], Seq[String], Map[String, String], String) = {
    // Return values
    val childArgs = new ArrayBuffer[String]()
    val childClasspath = new ArrayBuffer[String]()
    val sysProps = new HashMap[String, String]()
    var childMainClass = ""

    // Set the cluster manager设置集群管理器
    val clusterManager: Int = args.master match {
      case "yarn" => YARN
      case "yarn-client" | "yarn-cluster" =>
        printWarning(s"Master ${args.master} is deprecated since 2.0." +
          " Please use master \"yarn\" with specified deploy mode instead.")
        YARN
      case m if m.startsWith("spark") => STANDALONE
      case m if m.startsWith("mesos") => MESOS
      case m if m.startsWith("local") => LOCAL
      case _ =>
        printErrorAndExit("Master must either be yarn or start with spark, mesos, local")
        -1
    }

    // Set the deploy mode; default is client mode设置部署模式;默认是客户端模式
    var deployMode: Int = args.deployMode match {
      case "client" | null => CLIENT
      case "cluster" => CLUSTER
      case _ => printErrorAndExit("Deploy mode must be either client or cluster"); -1
    }

    // Because the deprecated way of specifying "yarn-cluster" and "yarn-client" encapsulate both
    // the master and deploy mode, we have some logic to infer the master and deploy mode
    // from each other if only one is specified, or exit early if they are at odds.
	//由于弃用了通过 "yarn-cluster" 和"yarn-client" 方法来同时指定集群管理器和部署模式，
	//所以，如果在他们中只有一个指定的情况下，通过其中一个，我们使用了一些逻辑来从中获取集群管理器类型和部署模式
	
    if (clusterManager == YARN) {
      (args.master, args.deployMode) match {
        case ("yarn-cluster", null) =>
          deployMode = CLUSTER
          args.master = "yarn"
        case ("yarn-cluster", "client") =>
          printErrorAndExit("Client deploy mode is not compatible with master \"yarn-cluster\"")
        case ("yarn-client", "cluster") =>
          printErrorAndExit("Cluster deploy mode is not compatible with master \"yarn-client\"")
        case (_, mode) =>
          args.master = "yarn"
      }

      // Make sure YARN is included in our build if we're trying to use it如果我们要使用yarn那么我们需要确保我们的build中包含了它
      if (!Utils.classIsLoadable("org.apache.spark.deploy.yarn.Client") && !Utils.isTesting) {
        printErrorAndExit(
          "Could not load YARN classes. " +
          "This copy of Spark may not have been compiled with YARN support.")
      }
    }

    // Update args.deployMode if it is null. It will be passed down as a Spark property later.如果是空，则更新arg.deploymode。稍后它将作为Spark属性传递。
    (args.deployMode, deployMode) match {
      case (null, CLIENT) => args.deployMode = "client"
      case (null, CLUSTER) => args.deployMode = "cluster"
      case _ =>
    }
    val isYarnCluster = clusterManager == YARN && deployMode == CLUSTER
    val isMesosCluster = clusterManager == MESOS && deployMode == CLUSTER

    // Resolve maven dependencies if there are any and add classpath to jars. Add them to py-files
    // too for packages that include Python code如果有任何并添加类路径到jars，就解决maven依赖关系。将它们添加到py-files ，对于包含Python代码的包也是如此
    val exclusions: Seq[String] =
      if (!StringUtils.isBlank(args.packagesExclusions)) {
        args.packagesExclusions.split(",")
      } else {
        Nil
      }

    // Create the IvySettings, either load from file or build defaults创建IvySettings，要么从文件中加载，要么构建默认值
    val ivySettings = args.sparkProperties.get("spark.jars.ivySettings").map { ivySettingsFile =>
      SparkSubmitUtils.loadIvySettings(ivySettingsFile, Option(args.repositories),
        Option(args.ivyRepoPath))
    }.getOrElse {
      SparkSubmitUtils.buildIvySettings(Option(args.repositories), Option(args.ivyRepoPath))
    }

    val resolvedMavenCoordinates = SparkSubmitUtils.resolveMavenCoordinates(args.packages,
      ivySettings, exclusions = exclusions)
    if (!StringUtils.isBlank(resolvedMavenCoordinates)) {
      args.jars = mergeFileLists(args.jars, resolvedMavenCoordinates)
      if (args.isPython) {
        args.pyFiles = mergeFileLists(args.pyFiles, resolvedMavenCoordinates)
      }
    }

    // install any R packages that may have been passed through --jars or --packages.
    // Spark Packages may contain R source code inside the jar.
	//通过使用--jars 或者 --packages.安装任意R包
    if (args.isR && !StringUtils.isBlank(args.jars)) {
      RPackageUtils.checkAndBuildRPackage(args.jars, printStream, args.verbose)
    }

    // assure a keytab is available from any place in a JVM 确保在JVM中的任何位置都可以使用keytab
    if (clusterManager == YARN || clusterManager == LOCAL) {
      if (args.principal != null) {
        require(args.keytab != null, "Keytab must be specified when principal is specified")
        if (!new File(args.keytab).exists()) {
          throw new SparkException(s"Keytab file: ${args.keytab} does not exist")
        } else {
          // Add keytab and principal configurations in sysProps to make them available
          // for later use; e.g. in spark sql, the isolated class loader used to talk
          // to HiveMetastore will use these settings. They will be set as Java system
          // properties and then loaded by SparkConf
          sysProps.put("spark.yarn.keytab", args.keytab)
          sysProps.put("spark.yarn.principal", args.principal)

          UserGroupInformation.loginUserFromKeytab(args.principal, args.keytab)
        }
      }
    }

    // In client mode, download remote files.在客户端模式下，下载远程文件
    var localPrimaryResource: String = null
    var localJars: String = null
    var localPyFiles: String = null
    var localFiles: String = null
    if (deployMode == CLIENT) {
      val hadoopConf = conf.getOrElse(new HadoopConfiguration())
      localPrimaryResource = Option(args.primaryResource).map(downloadFile(_, hadoopConf)).orNull
      localJars = Option(args.jars).map(downloadFileList(_, hadoopConf)).orNull
      localPyFiles = Option(args.pyFiles).map(downloadFileList(_, hadoopConf)).orNull
      localFiles = Option(args.files).map(downloadFileList(_, hadoopConf)).orNull
    }

    // Require all python files to be local, so we can add them to the PYTHONPATH  要求所有的python文件都是本地的，因此我们可以将它们添加到PYTHONPATH中
    // In YARN cluster mode, python files are distributed as regular files, which can be non-local.在yarn集群模式下，将python文件作为常规文件分发，那么它可以是非本地文件。
    // In Mesos cluster mode, non-local python files are automatically downloaded by Mesos.在Mesos集群模式中，Mesos将自动下载非本地的python文件。
    if (args.isPython && !isYarnCluster && !isMesosCluster) {
      if (Utils.nonLocalPaths(args.primaryResource).nonEmpty) {
        printErrorAndExit(s"Only local python files are supported: ${args.primaryResource}")
      }
      val nonLocalPyFiles = Utils.nonLocalPaths(args.pyFiles).mkString(",")
      if (nonLocalPyFiles.nonEmpty) {
        printErrorAndExit(s"Only local additional python files are supported: $nonLocalPyFiles")
      }
    }

    // Require all R files to be local要求所有的R文件都是本地的
    if (args.isR && !isYarnCluster && !isMesosCluster) {
      if (Utils.nonLocalPaths(args.primaryResource).nonEmpty) {
        printErrorAndExit(s"Only local R files are supported: ${args.primaryResource}")
      }
    }

    // The following modes are not supported or applicable以下模式不受支持或不适用
    (clusterManager, deployMode) match {
      case (STANDALONE, CLUSTER) if args.isPython =>
        printErrorAndExit("Cluster deploy mode is currently not supported for python " +
          "applications on standalone clusters.")
      case (STANDALONE, CLUSTER) if args.isR =>
        printErrorAndExit("Cluster deploy mode is currently not supported for R " +
          "applications on standalone clusters.")
      case (LOCAL, CLUSTER) =>
        printErrorAndExit("Cluster deploy mode is not compatible with master \"local\"")
      case (_, CLUSTER) if isShell(args.primaryResource) =>
        printErrorAndExit("Cluster deploy mode is not applicable to Spark shells.")
      case (_, CLUSTER) if isSqlShell(args.mainClass) =>
        printErrorAndExit("Cluster deploy mode is not applicable to Spark SQL shell.")
      case (_, CLUSTER) if isThriftServer(args.mainClass) =>
        printErrorAndExit("Cluster deploy mode is not applicable to Spark Thrift server.")
      case _ =>
    }

    // If we're running a python app, set the main class to our specific python runner如果我们运行的是一个python应用程序，将主类设置为特定的python运行器
    if (args.isPython && deployMode == CLIENT) {
      if (args.primaryResource == PYSPARK_SHELL) {
        args.mainClass = "org.apache.spark.api.python.PythonGatewayServer"
      } else {
        // If a python file is provided, add it to the child arguments and list of files to deploy.如果提供了一个python文件，将它添加到子参数和要部署的文件列表中。
        // Usage: PythonAppRunner <main python file> <extra python files> [app arguments]
        args.mainClass = "org.apache.spark.deploy.PythonRunner"
        args.childArgs = ArrayBuffer(localPrimaryResource, localPyFiles) ++ args.childArgs
        if (clusterManager != YARN) {
          // The YARN backend distributes the primary file differently, so don't merge it.yarn后端以不同的方式分配主文件，所以不要合并它。
          args.files = mergeFileLists(args.files, args.primaryResource)
        }
      }
      if (clusterManager != YARN) {
        // The YARN backend handles python files differently, so don't merge the lists.yarn后端处理python文件的方式不同，所以不要合并列表
        args.files = mergeFileLists(args.files, args.pyFiles)
      }
      if (localPyFiles != null) {
        sysProps("spark.submit.pyFiles") = localPyFiles
      }
    }

    // In YARN mode for an R app, add the SparkR package archive and the R package
    // archive containing all of the built R libraries to archives so that they can
    // be distributed with the job
	//在yarn模式中运行一个R应用程序，添加SparkR包资源并且R包资源需要包含所有built R相关的库。这样他们才可以跟job一起被分发出去
    if (args.isR && clusterManager == YARN) {
      val sparkRPackagePath = RUtils.localSparkRPackagePath
      if (sparkRPackagePath.isEmpty) {
        printErrorAndExit("SPARK_HOME does not exist for R application in YARN mode.")
      }
      val sparkRPackageFile = new File(sparkRPackagePath.get, SPARKR_PACKAGE_ARCHIVE)
      if (!sparkRPackageFile.exists()) {
        printErrorAndExit(s"$SPARKR_PACKAGE_ARCHIVE does not exist for R application in YARN mode.")
      }
      val sparkRPackageURI = Utils.resolveURI(sparkRPackageFile.getAbsolutePath).toString

      // Distribute the SparkR package.分发SparkR包。
      // Assigns a symbol link name "sparkr" to the shipped package.将一个名为“sparkr”的符号链接分配给装运的包。
      args.archives = mergeFileLists(args.archives, sparkRPackageURI + "#sparkr")

      // Distribute the R package archive containing all the built R packages.分发R包
      if (!RUtils.rPackages.isEmpty) {
        val rPackageFile =
          RPackageUtils.zipRLibraries(new File(RUtils.rPackages.get), R_PACKAGE_ARCHIVE)//将所有的R相关资源打成zip包
        if (!rPackageFile.exists()) {
          printErrorAndExit("Failed to zip all the built R packages.")
        }

        val rPackageURI = Utils.resolveURI(rPackageFile.getAbsolutePath).toString
        // Assigns a symbol link name "rpkg" to the shipped package.将一个名为“sparkr”的符号链接分配给装运的包。
        args.archives = mergeFileLists(args.archives, rPackageURI + "#rpkg")
      }
    }

    // TODO: Support distributing R packages with standalone cluster支持独立集群分发R包
    if (args.isR && clusterManager == STANDALONE && !RUtils.rPackages.isEmpty) {
      printErrorAndExit("Distributing R packages with standalone cluster is not supported.")
    }

    // TODO: Support distributing R packages with mesos cluster支持使用mesos集群分发R包
    if (args.isR && clusterManager == MESOS && !RUtils.rPackages.isEmpty) {
      printErrorAndExit("Distributing R packages with mesos cluster is not supported.")
    }

    // If we're running an R app, set the main class to our specific R runner如果我们正在运行一个R应用程序，则将主类设置为我们制定的Rrunner
    if (args.isR && deployMode == CLIENT) {
      if (args.primaryResource == SPARKR_SHELL) {
        args.mainClass = "org.apache.spark.api.r.RBackend"
      } else {
        // If an R file is provided, add it to the child arguments and list of files to deploy.如果提供了一个R文件，将它添加到子参数和要部署的文件列表中。
        // Usage: RRunner <main R file> [app arguments]
        args.mainClass = "org.apache.spark.deploy.RRunner"
        args.childArgs = ArrayBuffer(localPrimaryResource) ++ args.childArgs
        args.files = mergeFileLists(args.files, args.primaryResource)
      }
    }

    if (isYarnCluster && args.isR) {
      // In yarn-cluster mode for an R app, add primary resource to files
      // that can be distributed with the job
	  //在 yarn-cluster模式中运行一个R应用程序，将主资源添加到文件中，这样他们才可以跟job一起被分发出去
      args.files = mergeFileLists(args.files, args.primaryResource)
    }

    // Special flag to avoid deprecation warnings at the client在客户端设置一个特殊标志来避免弃用警告
    sysProps("SPARK_SUBMIT") = "true"

    // A list of rules to map each argument to system properties or command-line options in
    // each deploy mode; we iterate through these below
	//在每个部署模式中将一个规则列表映射到系统属性或命令行选项上;我们通过下面的操作进行迭代
    val options = List[OptionAssigner](

      // All cluster managers所有集群管理器
      OptionAssigner(args.master, ALL_CLUSTER_MGRS, ALL_DEPLOY_MODES, sysProp = "spark.master"),//集群模式
      OptionAssigner(args.deployMode, ALL_CLUSTER_MGRS, ALL_DEPLOY_MODES,
        sysProp = "spark.submit.deployMode"),//部署模式
      OptionAssigner(args.name, ALL_CLUSTER_MGRS, ALL_DEPLOY_MODES, sysProp = "spark.app.name"),//应用名称
      OptionAssigner(args.ivyRepoPath, ALL_CLUSTER_MGRS, CLIENT, sysProp = "spark.jars.ivy"),//Ivy相关jar包，Ivy是一个跟踪管理项目直接以来关系的工具
      OptionAssigner(args.driverMemory, ALL_CLUSTER_MGRS, CLIENT,
        sysProp = "spark.driver.memory"),//驱动程序使用的内存，在client模式下，不要在应用中的SparkConf中直接设置，--driver-memory命令设置
      OptionAssigner(args.driverExtraClassPath, ALL_CLUSTER_MGRS, ALL_DEPLOY_MODES,
        sysProp = "spark.driver.extraClassPath"),//驱动程序需要用到的其他类路径，在client模式下，不要在应用中的SparkConf中直接设置
      OptionAssigner(args.driverExtraJavaOptions, ALL_CLUSTER_MGRS, ALL_DEPLOY_MODES,
        sysProp = "spark.driver.extraJavaOptions"),//驱动程序需要的其他的JVM选项，在client模式下，不要在应用中的SparkConf中直接设置
      OptionAssigner(args.driverExtraLibraryPath, ALL_CLUSTER_MGRS, ALL_DEPLOY_MODES,
        sysProp = "spark.driver.extraLibraryPath"),//驱动程序需要的其他库路径，在client模式下，不要在应用中的SparkConf中直接设置

      // Yarn only只是yarn集群模式
      OptionAssigner(args.queue, YARN, ALL_DEPLOY_MODES, sysProp = "spark.yarn.queue"),
      OptionAssigner(args.numExecutors, YARN, ALL_DEPLOY_MODES,
        sysProp = "spark.executor.instances"),
      OptionAssigner(args.pyFiles, YARN, ALL_DEPLOY_MODES, sysProp = "spark.yarn.dist.pyFiles"),
      OptionAssigner(args.jars, YARN, ALL_DEPLOY_MODES, sysProp = "spark.yarn.dist.jars"),//以逗号分隔的jar包，他们被放置在每个执行者的工作目录中。
      OptionAssigner(args.files, YARN, ALL_DEPLOY_MODES, sysProp = "spark.yarn.dist.files"),//以逗号分隔的文件，他们被放置在每个执行者的工作目录中。
      OptionAssigner(args.archives, YARN, ALL_DEPLOY_MODES, sysProp = "spark.yarn.dist.archives"),//逗号分隔的档案列表,他们被放置在每个执行者的工作目录中。
      OptionAssigner(args.principal, YARN, ALL_DEPLOY_MODES, sysProp = "spark.yarn.principal"),//主要用于登录KDC,安全运行HDFS。
      OptionAssigner(args.keytab, YARN, ALL_DEPLOY_MODES, sysProp = "spark.yarn.keytab"),

      // Other options其他选项
      OptionAssigner(args.executorCores, STANDALONE | YARN, ALL_DEPLOY_MODES,
        sysProp = "spark.executor.cores"),//每个执行器上的内核数量
      OptionAssigner(args.executorMemory, STANDALONE | MESOS | YARN, ALL_DEPLOY_MODES,
        sysProp = "spark.executor.memory"),//每个执行器上使用的内存大小
      OptionAssigner(args.totalExecutorCores, STANDALONE | MESOS, ALL_DEPLOY_MODES,
        sysProp = "spark.cores.max"),
      OptionAssigner(args.files, LOCAL | STANDALONE | MESOS, ALL_DEPLOY_MODES,
        sysProp = "spark.files"),//以逗号分隔的文件列表，他们被放置在每个执行者的工作目录中。
      OptionAssigner(args.jars, LOCAL, CLIENT, sysProp = "spark.jars"),//以逗号分隔的本地jar，包括在驱动程序和执行程序类路径中的。
      OptionAssigner(args.jars, STANDALONE | MESOS, ALL_DEPLOY_MODES, sysProp = "spark.jars"),
      OptionAssigner(args.driverMemory, STANDALONE | MESOS | YARN, CLUSTER,
        sysProp = "spark.driver.memory"),//驱动程序使用的内存，在client模式下，不要在应用中的SparkConf中直接设置，--driver-memory命令设置
      OptionAssigner(args.driverCores, STANDALONE | MESOS | YARN, CLUSTER,
        sysProp = "spark.driver.cores"),//驱动程序的内核数，只在集群模式下使用
      OptionAssigner(args.supervise.toString, STANDALONE | MESOS, CLUSTER,
        sysProp = "spark.driver.supervise"),
      OptionAssigner(args.ivyRepoPath, STANDALONE, CLUSTER, sysProp = "spark.jars.ivy"),

      // An internal option used only for spark-shell to add user jars to repl's classloader,一个内部选项，仅用于spark-shell将用户的jar包添加到repl的类加载器中，
      // previously it uses "spark.jars" or "spark.yarn.dist.jars" which now may be pointed to以前它使用"spark.jars" or "spark.yarn.dist.jars" 来设置。
      // remote jars, so adding a new option to only specify local jars for spark-shell internally.现在可能指向远程jars,所以添加一个新的选项来指定用在spark-shell内部的本地jar包
      OptionAssigner(localJars, ALL_CLUSTER_MGRS, CLIENT, sysProp = "spark.repl.local.jars")
    )

    // In client mode, launch the application main class directly 在客户端模式下，直接启动应用程序主类
    // In addition, add the main application jar and any added jars (if any) to the classpath 此外，将主应用程序jar和任何添加的jar(如果有的话)添加到类路径中
    if (deployMode == CLIENT) {
      childMainClass = args.mainClass
      if (localPrimaryResource != null && isUserJar(localPrimaryResource)) {
        childClasspath += localPrimaryResource
      }
      if (localJars != null) { childClasspath ++= localJars.split(",") }
    }
    // Add the main application jar and any added jars to classpath in case YARN client
    // requires these jars.
	//添加主应用程序jar和任何添加的jar添加到类路径中,如果YARN客户端需要这些jar。
    // This assumes both primaryResource and user jars are local jars, otherwise it will not be
    // added to the classpath of YARN client.
	//这个假设primaryResource和用户jar包都是当地的jar包,否则它将不会被添加到YARN的客户端类路径中。
    if (isYarnCluster) {
      if (isUserJar(args.primaryResource)) {
        childClasspath += args.primaryResource
      }
      if (args.jars != null) { childClasspath ++= args.jars.split(",") }
    }

    if (deployMode == CLIENT) {
      if (args.childArgs != null) { childArgs ++= args.childArgs }
    }

    // Map all arguments to command-line options or system properties for our chosen mode
	//将所有命令行参数或者系统属性映射到我们选择的模式中
    for (opt <- options) {
      if (opt.value != null &&
          (deployMode & opt.deployMode) != 0 &&
          (clusterManager & opt.clusterManager) != 0) {
        if (opt.clOption != null) { childArgs += (opt.clOption, opt.value) }
        if (opt.sysProp != null) { sysProps.put(opt.sysProp, opt.value) }
      }
    }

    // Add the application jar automatically so the user doesn't have to call sc.addJar自动添加应用程序jar包，这样用户就不必调用sc.addjar了
    // For YARN cluster mode, the jar is already distributed on each node as "app.jar"对于yarn集群模式，jar包通过“app.jar”已经分布在每个节点上。
    // For python and R files, the primary resource is already distributed as a regular file对于python和R文件，主资源已经作为常规文件分发了
    if (!isYarnCluster && !args.isPython && !args.isR) {
      var jars = sysProps.get("spark.jars").map(x => x.split(",").toSeq).getOrElse(Seq.empty)
      if (isUserJar(args.primaryResource)) {
        jars = jars ++ Seq(args.primaryResource)
      }
      sysProps.put("spark.jars", jars.mkString(","))
    }

    // In standalone cluster mode, use the REST client to submit the application (Spark 1.3+).在独立集群模式下，使用REST客户端提交应用程序(Spark 1.3+)
    // All Spark parameters are expected to be passed to the client through system properties.所有的Spark参数都将通过系统属性传递给客户端。
    if (args.isStandaloneCluster) {
      if (args.useRest) {
        childMainClass = "org.apache.spark.deploy.rest.RestSubmissionClient"
        childArgs += (args.primaryResource, args.mainClass)
      } else {
        // In legacy standalone cluster mode, use Client as a wrapper around the user class
		//在遗留的独立集群模式中，使用客户机作为用户类的包装器
        childMainClass = "org.apache.spark.deploy.Client"
        if (args.supervise) { childArgs += "--supervise" }
        Option(args.driverMemory).foreach { m => childArgs += ("--memory", m) }
        Option(args.driverCores).foreach { c => childArgs += ("--cores", c) }
        childArgs += "launch"
        childArgs += (args.master, args.primaryResource, args.mainClass)
      }
      if (args.childArgs != null) {
        childArgs ++= args.childArgs
      }
    }

    // Let YARN know it's a pyspark app, so it distributes needed libraries.让yarn知道它是一个pyspark应用程序，因此它可以分发需要的库
    if (clusterManager == YARN) {
      if (args.isPython) {
        sysProps.put("spark.yarn.isPython", "true")
      }
    }

    // In yarn-cluster mode, use yarn.Client as a wrapper around the user class在 yarn-cluster模式下，使用yarn.Client作为用户类的包装器
    if (isYarnCluster) {
      childMainClass = "org.apache.spark.deploy.yarn.Client"
      if (args.isPython) {
        childArgs += ("--primary-py-file", args.primaryResource)
        childArgs += ("--class", "org.apache.spark.deploy.PythonRunner")
      } else if (args.isR) {
        val mainFile = new Path(args.primaryResource).getName
        childArgs += ("--primary-r-file", mainFile)
        childArgs += ("--class", "org.apache.spark.deploy.RRunner")
      } else {
        if (args.primaryResource != SparkLauncher.NO_RESOURCE) {
          childArgs += ("--jar", args.primaryResource)
        }
        childArgs += ("--class", args.mainClass)
      }
      if (args.childArgs != null) {
        args.childArgs.foreach { arg => childArgs += ("--arg", arg) }
      }
    }

    if (isMesosCluster) {
      assert(args.useRest, "Mesos cluster mode is only supported through the REST submission API")
      childMainClass = "org.apache.spark.deploy.rest.RestSubmissionClient"
      if (args.isPython) {
        // Second argument is main class第二个参数是主类
        childArgs += (args.primaryResource, "")
        if (args.pyFiles != null) {
          sysProps("spark.submit.pyFiles") = args.pyFiles
        }
      } else if (args.isR) {
        // Second argument is main class第二个参数是主类
        childArgs += (args.primaryResource, "")
      } else {
        childArgs += (args.primaryResource, args.mainClass)
      }
      if (args.childArgs != null) {
        childArgs ++= args.childArgs
      }
    }

    // Load any properties specified through --conf and the default properties file通过-conf和默认属性文件加载指定的任何属性
    for ((k, v) <- args.sparkProperties) {
      sysProps.getOrElseUpdate(k, v)
    }

    // Ignore invalid spark.driver.host in cluster modes.忽在集群模式中忽略无效spark.driver.host在
    if (deployMode == CLUSTER) {
      sysProps -= "spark.driver.host"
    }

    // Resolve paths in certain spark properties在某些spark属性中解析路径
    val pathConfigs = Seq(
      "spark.jars",
      "spark.files",
      "spark.yarn.dist.files",
      "spark.yarn.dist.archives",
      "spark.yarn.dist.jars")
    pathConfigs.foreach { config =>
      // Replace old URIs with resolved URIs, if they exist如果存在已解析的uri，则用刚解析出的替换旧的uri
      sysProps.get(config).foreach { oldValue =>
        sysProps(config) = Utils.resolveURIs(oldValue)
      }
    }

    // Resolve and format python file paths properly before adding them to the PYTHONPATH.在将它们添加到PYTHONPATH之前，正确地解析和格式化python文件路径。
    // The resolving part is redundant in the case of --py-files, but necessary if the user
    // explicitly sets `spark.submit.pyFiles` in his/her default properties file.
	//在--py-files情况下，解析部分就是冗余的,但是在用户通过在他的默认配置文件中设置了`spark.submit.pyFiles`时则很有必要了
    sysProps.get("spark.submit.pyFiles").foreach { pyFiles =>
      val resolvedPyFiles = Utils.resolveURIs(pyFiles)
      val formattedPyFiles = if (!isYarnCluster && !isMesosCluster) {
        PythonRunner.formatPaths(resolvedPyFiles).mkString(",")
      } else {
        // Ignoring formatting python path in yarn and mesos cluster mode, these two modes
        // support dealing with remote python files, they could distribute and add python files
        // locally.
		//在yarn和mesos集群模式下，忽略格式化python路径。这两种模式支持处理远程python文件，他们可以分发且将python文件添加到本地。
        resolvedPyFiles
      }
      sysProps("spark.submit.pyFiles") = formattedPyFiles
    }

    (childArgs, childClasspath, sysProps, childMainClass)
  }

  /**
   * Run the main method of the child class using the provided launch environment.使用所提供的启动环境运行子类的主方法。
   *
   * Note that this main class will not be the one provided by the user if we're
   * running cluster deploy mode or python applications.
   *注意：这个主类将不会被用户提供的如果我们正在运行集群部署模式或python应用程序。
   */
  private def runMain(
      childArgs: Seq[String],
      childClasspath: Seq[String],
      sysProps: Map[String, String],
      childMainClass: String,
      verbose: Boolean): Unit = {
    // scalastyle:off println
    if (verbose) {
      printStream.println(s"Main class:\n$childMainClass")
      printStream.println(s"Arguments:\n${childArgs.mkString("\n")}")
      // sysProps may contain sensitive information, so redact before printing
	  //sysProps可能包含敏感信息，所以在打印前要重新编辑
      printStream.println(s"System properties:\n${Utils.redact(sysProps).mkString("\n")}")
      printStream.println(s"Classpath elements:\n${childClasspath.mkString("\n")}")
      printStream.println("\n")
    }
    // scalastyle:on println

    val loader =//获取类路径
      if (sysProps.getOrElse("spark.driver.userClassPathFirst", "false").toBoolean) {
        new ChildFirstURLClassLoader(new Array[URL](0),
          Thread.currentThread.getContextClassLoader)
      } else {
        new MutableURLClassLoader(new Array[URL](0),
          Thread.currentThread.getContextClassLoader)
      }
    Thread.currentThread.setContextClassLoader(loader)

    for (jar <- childClasspath) {//将jar包添加到类路径中
      addJarToClasspath(jar, loader)
    }

    for ((key, value) <- sysProps) {//设置相关属性
      System.setProperty(key, value)
    }

    var mainClass: Class[_] = null

    try {
      mainClass = Utils.classForName(childMainClass)//找到主方法
    } catch {
      case e: ClassNotFoundException =>
        e.printStackTrace(printStream)
        if (childMainClass.contains("thriftserver")) {
          // scalastyle:off println
          printStream.println(s"Failed to load main class $childMainClass.")
          printStream.println("You need to build Spark with -Phive and -Phive-thriftserver.")
          // scalastyle:on println
        }
        System.exit(CLASS_NOT_FOUND_EXIT_STATUS)
      case e: NoClassDefFoundError =>
        e.printStackTrace(printStream)
        if (e.getMessage.contains("org/apache/hadoop/hive")) {
          // scalastyle:off println
          printStream.println(s"Failed to load hive class.")
          printStream.println("You need to build Spark with -Phive and -Phive-thriftserver.")
          // scalastyle:on println
        }
        System.exit(CLASS_NOT_FOUND_EXIT_STATUS)
    }

    // SPARK-4170
    if (classOf[scala.App].isAssignableFrom(mainClass)) {//如果没找到应用程序的主方法则给出警告
      printWarning("Subclasses of scala.App may not work correctly. Use a main() method instead.")
    }

    val mainMethod = mainClass.getMethod("main", new Array[String](0).getClass)//确保main方法为静态方法
    if (!Modifier.isStatic(mainMethod.getModifiers)) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("The main method in the given main class must be static")
    }

    @tailrec
    def findCause(t: Throwable): Throwable = t match {
      case e: UndeclaredThrowableException =>
        if (e.getCause() != null) findCause(e.getCause()) else e
      case e: InvocationTargetException =>
        if (e.getCause() != null) findCause(e.getCause()) else e
      case e: Throwable =>
        e
    }

    try {
      mainMethod.invoke(null, childArgs.toArray)
    } catch {
      case t: Throwable =>
        findCause(t) match {
          case SparkUserAppException(exitCode) =>
            System.exit(exitCode)

          case t: Throwable =>
            throw t
        }
    }
  }

  private def addJarToClasspath(localJar: String, loader: MutableURLClassLoader) {
    val uri = Utils.resolveURI(localJar)//解析本地jar包的uri
    uri.getScheme match {
      case "file" | "local" =>
        val file = new File(uri.getPath)
        if (file.exists()) {
          loader.addURL(file.toURI.toURL)
        } else {
          printWarning(s"Local jar $file does not exist, skipping.")
        }
      case _ =>
        printWarning(s"Skip remote jar $uri.")
    }
  }

  /**
   * Return whether the given primary resource represents a user jar.
   *返回：给定的主资源是否表示一个用户的jar包。
   */
  private[deploy] def isUserJar(res: String): Boolean = {
    !isShell(res) && !isPython(res) && !isInternal(res) && !isR(res)
  }

  /**
   * Return whether the given primary resource represents a shell.
   *返回：给定的主资源是否表示一个shell。
   */
  private[deploy] def isShell(res: String): Boolean = {
    (res == SPARK_SHELL || res == PYSPARK_SHELL || res == SPARKR_SHELL)
  }

  /**
   * Return whether the given main class represents a sql shell.
   *返回：给定的主类是否表示一个sql shell。
   */
  private[deploy] def isSqlShell(mainClass: String): Boolean = {
    mainClass == "org.apache.spark.sql.hive.thriftserver.SparkSQLCLIDriver"
  }

  /**
   * Return whether the given main class represents a thrift server.
   *返回：给定的主类是否表示thrift服务器。
   */
  private def isThriftServer(mainClass: String): Boolean = {
    mainClass == "org.apache.spark.sql.hive.thriftserver.HiveThriftServer2"
  }

  /**
   * Return whether the given primary resource requires running python.
   *返回：给定的主资源是否需要运行python。
   */
  private[deploy] def isPython(res: String): Boolean = {
    res != null && res.endsWith(".py") || res == PYSPARK_SHELL
  }

  /**
   * Return whether the given primary resource requires running R.
   *返回：给定的主资源是否需要运行R
   */
  private[deploy] def isR(res: String): Boolean = {
    res != null && res.endsWith(".R") || res == SPARKR_SHELL
  }

  private[deploy] def isInternal(res: String): Boolean = {
    res == SparkLauncher.NO_RESOURCE
  }

  /**
   * Merge a sequence of comma-separated file lists, some of which may be null to indicate
   * no files, into a single comma-separated string.
   *在一个只用逗号分隔的字符串中合并的一系列以逗号分隔的文件列表,其中一些可能是null表示没有文件。
   */
  private def mergeFileLists(lists: String*): String = {
    val merged = lists.filterNot(StringUtils.isBlank)
                      .flatMap(_.split(","))
                      .mkString(",")
    if (merged == "") null else merged
  }

  /**
   * Download a list of remote files to temp local files. If the file is local, the original file
   * will be returned.
   *将远程文件的列表下载为本地临时文件。如果文件是本地的，原始文件将被返回。
   * @param fileList A comma separated file list.以逗号分割的文件列表
   * @return A comma separated local files list.以逗号分割的本地文件集列表
   */
  private[deploy] def downloadFileList(
      fileList: String,
      hadoopConf: HadoopConfiguration): String = {
    require(fileList != null, "fileList cannot be null.")
    fileList.split(",").map(downloadFile(_, hadoopConf)).mkString(",")
  }

  /**
   * Download a file from the remote to a local temporary directory. If the input path points to
   * a local path, returns it with no operation.
   *从远程下载一个文件到本地的一个临时目录中。如果输入路径指向一个本地路径，则进行无操作返回。
   */
  private[deploy] def downloadFile(path: String, hadoopConf: HadoopConfiguration): String = {
    require(path != null, "path cannot be null.")
    val uri = Utils.resolveURI(path)
    uri.getScheme match {
      case "file" | "local" =>
        path

      case _ =>
        val fs = FileSystem.get(uri, hadoopConf)
        val tmpFile = new File(Files.createTempDirectory("tmp").toFile, uri.getPath)
        // scalastyle:off println
        printStream.println(s"Downloading ${uri.toString} to ${tmpFile.getAbsolutePath}.")
        // scalastyle:on println
        fs.copyToLocalFile(new Path(uri), new Path(tmpFile.getAbsolutePath))
        Utils.resolveURI(tmpFile.getAbsolutePath).toString
    }
  }
}

/** Provides utility functions to be used inside SparkSubmit. */
//提供在SparkSubmit内部使用的方法
private[spark] object SparkSubmitUtils {

  // Exposed for testing
  var printStream = SparkSubmit.printStream

  /**
   * Represents a Maven Coordinate 表示一个Maven坐标
   * @param groupId the groupId of the coordinate Maven坐标的groupId，一般与项目名字相同
   * @param artifactId the artifactId of the coordinate Maven坐标的artifactId，模块
   * @param version the version of the coordinate e Maven坐标的version，版本信息
   */
  private[deploy] case class MavenCoordinate(groupId: String, artifactId: String, version: String) {
    override def toString: String = s"$groupId:$artifactId:$version"
  }

/**
 * Extracts maven coordinates from a comma-delimited string. Coordinates should be provided
 * in the format `groupId:artifactId:version` or `groupId/artifactId:version`.
 从以逗号分隔的字符串中提取maven坐标。坐标应提供为“groupId:artifactId:version”或“groupId/artifactId:version”的格式。
 * @param coordinates Comma-delimited string of maven coordinates
 * @return Sequence of Maven coordinates 返回Maven坐标序列
 */
  def extractMavenCoordinates(coordinates: String): Seq[MavenCoordinate] = {
    coordinates.split(",").map { p =>
      val splits = p.replace("/", ":").split(":")
      require(splits.length == 3, s"Provided Maven Coordinates must be in the form " +
        s"'groupId:artifactId:version'. The coordinate provided is: $p")
      require(splits(0) != null && splits(0).trim.nonEmpty, s"The groupId cannot be null or " +
        s"be whitespace. The groupId provided is: ${splits(0)}")
      require(splits(1) != null && splits(1).trim.nonEmpty, s"The artifactId cannot be null or " +
        s"be whitespace. The artifactId provided is: ${splits(1)}")
      require(splits(2) != null && splits(2).trim.nonEmpty, s"The version cannot be null or " +
        s"be whitespace. The version provided is: ${splits(2)}")
      new MavenCoordinate(splits(0), splits(1), splits(2))
    }
  }

  /** Path of the local Maven cache. 本地Maven缓存路径*/
  private[spark] def m2Path: File = {
    if (Utils.isTesting) {
      // test builds delete the maven cache, and this can cause flakiness
      new File("dummy", ".m2" + File.separator + "repository")
    } else {
      new File(System.getProperty("user.home"), ".m2" + File.separator + "repository")
    }
  }

  /**
   * Extracts maven coordinates from a comma-delimited string
   * @param defaultIvyUserDir The default user path for Ivy
   * @return A ChainResolver used by Ivy to search for and resolve dependencies.
   */
  def createRepoResolvers(defaultIvyUserDir: File): ChainResolver = {
    // We need a chain resolver if we want to check multiple repositories
    val cr = new ChainResolver
    cr.setName("spark-list")

    val localM2 = new IBiblioResolver
    localM2.setM2compatible(true)
    localM2.setRoot(m2Path.toURI.toString)
    localM2.setUsepoms(true)
    localM2.setName("local-m2-cache")
    cr.add(localM2)

    val localIvy = new FileSystemResolver
    val localIvyRoot = new File(defaultIvyUserDir, "local")
    localIvy.setLocal(true)
    localIvy.setRepository(new FileRepository(localIvyRoot))
    val ivyPattern = Seq(localIvyRoot.getAbsolutePath, "[organisation]", "[module]", "[revision]",
      "ivys", "ivy.xml").mkString(File.separator)
    localIvy.addIvyPattern(ivyPattern)
    val artifactPattern = Seq(localIvyRoot.getAbsolutePath, "[organisation]", "[module]",
      "[revision]", "[type]s", "[artifact](-[classifier]).[ext]").mkString(File.separator)
    localIvy.addArtifactPattern(artifactPattern)
    localIvy.setName("local-ivy-cache")
    cr.add(localIvy)

    // the biblio resolver resolves POM declared dependencies
    val br: IBiblioResolver = new IBiblioResolver
    br.setM2compatible(true)
    br.setUsepoms(true)
    br.setName("central")
    cr.add(br)

    val sp: IBiblioResolver = new IBiblioResolver
    sp.setM2compatible(true)
    sp.setUsepoms(true)
    sp.setRoot("http://dl.bintray.com/spark-packages/maven")
    sp.setName("spark-packages")
    cr.add(sp)
    cr
  }

  /**
   * Output a comma-delimited list of paths for the downloaded jars to be added to the classpath
   * (will append to jars in SparkSubmit).
   *输出一个以逗号分隔的下载下来的jar路径列表，将他们添加到类路径classpath中 (将把jars添加到SparkSubmit中)。
   * @param artifacts Sequence of dependencies that were resolved and retrieved
   * @param cacheDirectory directory where jars are cached
   * @return a comma-delimited list of paths for the dependencies
   */
  def resolveDependencyPaths(
      artifacts: Array[AnyRef],
      cacheDirectory: File): String = {
    artifacts.map { artifactInfo =>
      val artifact = artifactInfo.asInstanceOf[Artifact].getModuleRevisionId
      cacheDirectory.getAbsolutePath + File.separator +
        s"${artifact.getOrganisation}_${artifact.getName}-${artifact.getRevision}.jar"
    }.mkString(",")
  }

  /** Adds the given maven coordinates to Ivy's module descriptor. */
  def addDependenciesToIvy(
      md: DefaultModuleDescriptor,
      artifacts: Seq[MavenCoordinate],
      ivyConfName: String): Unit = {
    artifacts.foreach { mvn =>
      val ri = ModuleRevisionId.newInstance(mvn.groupId, mvn.artifactId, mvn.version)
      val dd = new DefaultDependencyDescriptor(ri, false, false)
      dd.addDependencyConfiguration(ivyConfName, ivyConfName + "(runtime)")
      // scalastyle:off println
      printStream.println(s"${dd.getDependencyId} added as a dependency")
      // scalastyle:on println
      md.addDependency(dd)
    }
  }

  /** Add exclusion rules for dependencies already included in the spark-assembly */
  def addExclusionRules(
      ivySettings: IvySettings,
      ivyConfName: String,
      md: DefaultModuleDescriptor): Unit = {
    // Add scala exclusion rule
    md.addExcludeRule(createExclusion("*:scala-library:*", ivySettings, ivyConfName))

    // We need to specify each component explicitly, otherwise we miss spark-streaming-kafka-0-8 and
    // other spark-streaming utility components. Underscore is there to differentiate between
    // spark-streaming_2.1x and spark-streaming-kafka-0-8-assembly_2.1x
    val components = Seq("catalyst_", "core_", "graphx_", "hive_", "mllib_", "repl_",
      "sql_", "streaming_", "yarn_", "network-common_", "network-shuffle_", "network-yarn_")

    components.foreach { comp =>
      md.addExcludeRule(createExclusion(s"org.apache.spark:spark-$comp*:*", ivySettings,
        ivyConfName))
    }
  }

  /**
   * Build Ivy Settings using options with default resolvers
   * @param remoteRepos Comma-delimited string of remote repositories other than maven central
   * @param ivyPath The path to the local ivy repository
   * @return An IvySettings object
   */
  def buildIvySettings(remoteRepos: Option[String], ivyPath: Option[String]): IvySettings = {
    val ivySettings: IvySettings = new IvySettings
    processIvyPathArg(ivySettings, ivyPath)

    // create a pattern matcher
    ivySettings.addMatcher(new GlobPatternMatcher)
    // create the dependency resolvers
    val repoResolver = createRepoResolvers(ivySettings.getDefaultIvyUserDir)
    ivySettings.addResolver(repoResolver)
    ivySettings.setDefaultResolver(repoResolver.getName)
    processRemoteRepoArg(ivySettings, remoteRepos)
    ivySettings
  }

  /**
   * Load Ivy settings from a given filename, using supplied resolvers
   * @param settingsFile Path to Ivy settings file
   * @param remoteRepos Comma-delimited string of remote repositories other than maven central
   * @param ivyPath The path to the local ivy repository
   * @return An IvySettings object
   */
  def loadIvySettings(
      settingsFile: String,
      remoteRepos: Option[String],
      ivyPath: Option[String]): IvySettings = {
    val file = new File(settingsFile)
    require(file.exists(), s"Ivy settings file $file does not exist")
    require(file.isFile(), s"Ivy settings file $file is not a normal file")
    val ivySettings: IvySettings = new IvySettings
    try {
      ivySettings.load(file)
    } catch {
      case e @ (_: IOException | _: ParseException) =>
        throw new SparkException(s"Failed when loading Ivy settings from $settingsFile", e)
    }
    processIvyPathArg(ivySettings, ivyPath)
    processRemoteRepoArg(ivySettings, remoteRepos)
    ivySettings
  }

  /* Set ivy settings for location of cache, if option is supplied */
  private def processIvyPathArg(ivySettings: IvySettings, ivyPath: Option[String]): Unit = {
    ivyPath.filterNot(_.trim.isEmpty).foreach { alternateIvyDir =>
      ivySettings.setDefaultIvyUserDir(new File(alternateIvyDir))
      ivySettings.setDefaultCache(new File(alternateIvyDir, "cache"))
    }
  }

  /* Add any optional additional remote repositories */
  private def processRemoteRepoArg(ivySettings: IvySettings, remoteRepos: Option[String]): Unit = {
    remoteRepos.filterNot(_.trim.isEmpty).map(_.split(",")).foreach { repositoryList =>
      val cr = new ChainResolver
      cr.setName("user-list")

      // add current default resolver, if any
      Option(ivySettings.getDefaultResolver).foreach(cr.add)

      // add additional repositories, last resolution in chain takes precedence
      repositoryList.zipWithIndex.foreach { case (repo, i) =>
        val brr: IBiblioResolver = new IBiblioResolver
        brr.setM2compatible(true)
        brr.setUsepoms(true)
        brr.setRoot(repo)
        brr.setName(s"repo-${i + 1}")
        cr.add(brr)
        // scalastyle:off println
        printStream.println(s"$repo added as a remote repository with the name: ${brr.getName}")
        // scalastyle:on println
      }

      ivySettings.addResolver(cr)
      ivySettings.setDefaultResolver(cr.getName)
    }
  }

  /** A nice function to use in tests as well. Values are dummy strings. */
  def getModuleDescriptor: DefaultModuleDescriptor = DefaultModuleDescriptor.newDefaultInstance(
    ModuleRevisionId.newInstance("org.apache.spark", "spark-submit-parent", "1.0"))

  /**
   * Resolves any dependencies that were supplied through maven coordinates
   * @param coordinates Comma-delimited string of maven coordinates
   * @param ivySettings An IvySettings containing resolvers to use
   * @param exclusions Exclusions to apply when resolving transitive dependencies
   * @return The comma-delimited path to the jars of the given maven artifacts including their
   *         transitive dependencies
   */
  def resolveMavenCoordinates(
      coordinates: String,
      ivySettings: IvySettings,
      exclusions: Seq[String] = Nil,
      isTest: Boolean = false): String = {
    if (coordinates == null || coordinates.trim.isEmpty) {
      ""
    } else {
      val sysOut = System.out
      try {
        // To prevent ivy from logging to system out
        System.setOut(printStream)
        val artifacts = extractMavenCoordinates(coordinates)
        // Directories for caching downloads through ivy and storing the jars when maven coordinates
        // are supplied to spark-submit
        val packagesDirectory: File = new File(ivySettings.getDefaultIvyUserDir, "jars")
        // scalastyle:off println
        printStream.println(
          s"Ivy Default Cache set to: ${ivySettings.getDefaultCache.getAbsolutePath}")
        printStream.println(s"The jars for the packages stored in: $packagesDirectory")
        // scalastyle:on println

        val ivy = Ivy.newInstance(ivySettings)
        // Set resolve options to download transitive dependencies as well
        val resolveOptions = new ResolveOptions
        resolveOptions.setTransitive(true)
        val retrieveOptions = new RetrieveOptions
        // Turn downloading and logging off for testing
        if (isTest) {
          resolveOptions.setDownload(false)
          resolveOptions.setLog(LogOptions.LOG_QUIET)
          retrieveOptions.setLog(LogOptions.LOG_QUIET)
        } else {
          resolveOptions.setDownload(true)
        }

        // Default configuration name for ivy
        val ivyConfName = "default"

        // A Module descriptor must be specified. Entries are dummy strings
        val md = getModuleDescriptor
        // clear ivy resolution from previous launches. The resolution file is usually at
        // ~/.ivy2/org.apache.spark-spark-submit-parent-default.xml. In between runs, this file
        // leads to confusion with Ivy when the files can no longer be found at the repository
        // declared in that file/
        val mdId = md.getModuleRevisionId
        val previousResolution = new File(ivySettings.getDefaultCache,
          s"${mdId.getOrganisation}-${mdId.getName}-$ivyConfName.xml")
        if (previousResolution.exists) previousResolution.delete

        md.setDefaultConf(ivyConfName)

        // Add exclusion rules for Spark and Scala Library
        addExclusionRules(ivySettings, ivyConfName, md)
        // add all supplied maven artifacts as dependencies
        addDependenciesToIvy(md, artifacts, ivyConfName)
        exclusions.foreach { e =>
          md.addExcludeRule(createExclusion(e + ":*", ivySettings, ivyConfName))
        }
        // resolve dependencies
        val rr: ResolveReport = ivy.resolve(md, resolveOptions)
        if (rr.hasError) {
          throw new RuntimeException(rr.getAllProblemMessages.toString)
        }
        // retrieve all resolved dependencies
        ivy.retrieve(rr.getModuleDescriptor.getModuleRevisionId,
          packagesDirectory.getAbsolutePath + File.separator +
            "[organization]_[artifact]-[revision].[ext]",
          retrieveOptions.setConfs(Array(ivyConfName)))
        resolveDependencyPaths(rr.getArtifacts.toArray, packagesDirectory)
      } finally {
        System.setOut(sysOut)
      }
    }
  }

  private[deploy] def createExclusion(
      coords: String,
      ivySettings: IvySettings,
      ivyConfName: String): ExcludeRule = {
    val c = extractMavenCoordinates(coords)(0)
    val id = new ArtifactId(new ModuleId(c.groupId, c.artifactId), "*", "*", "*")
    val rule = new DefaultExcludeRule(id, ivySettings.getMatcher("glob"), null)
    rule.addConfiguration(ivyConfName)
    rule
  }

}

/**
 * Provides an indirection layer for passing arguments as system properties or flags to
 * the user's driver program or to downstream launcher tools.
 */
private case class OptionAssigner(
    value: String,
    clusterManager: Int,
    deployMode: Int,
    clOption: String = null,
    sysProp: String = null)