核物理名词解释-Nuclides, isobars, isotopes, isotones, isomer, isospin

最新推荐文章于 2024-12-19 11:13:08 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2024-12-19 11:13:08 发布 · 741 阅读

1 ·

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

科研专栏收录该内容

12 篇文章

订阅专栏

本文介绍了核物理学中的一些基本概念，包括同位素、同中子核素和同量异位素的概念，以及原子核的亚稳态——核同质异能素的相关定义。此外还解释了同位旋这一概念。

Isotopes are nuclides with the same Z.

isotones are nuclides with the same N.

A nuclear isomer (isomeric states) is a metastable state (亚稳态) of an atomic nucleus caused by the excitation of one or more of its nucleons (protons or neutrons).

"Metastable" refers to the fact that these excited states have half-lives more than 100 to 1000 times the half-lives of the excited nuclear states that decay with a "prompt" half life (ordinarily on the order of 10−12 seconds). As a result, the term "metastable" is usually restricted to refer to isomers with half-lives of 10−9 seconds or longer. Some sources recommend 5 × 10−9 s to distinguish the metastable half life from the normal "prompt" gamma emission half life.[1]

The isospin of the ground state of a nucleus is defined by (N −Z)/2.

Isobars differ in atomic number (or number of protons) but have the same mass number