JavaMail----发送带附件&&JavaWeb发送邮件

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-17 21:43:36 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/wyq1614406553/article/details/97005201

本文介绍如何使用JavaMail实现JavaWeb应用中的用户注册邮件通知功能，包括配置邮件服务器、发送带有用户信息的邮件等关键步骤。

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package com.kuang.mail;

import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;

import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class SendFileMail {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MessagingException, GeneralSecurityException {

        //创建一个配置文件保存并读取信息
        Properties properties = new Properties();

        //设置qq邮件服务器
        properties.setProperty("mail.host","smtp.qq.com");
        //设置发送的协议
        properties.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol","smtp");
        //设置用户是否需要验证
        properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");


        //=================================只有QQ存在的一个特性，需要建立一个安全的链接
        // 关于QQ邮箱，还要设置SSL加密，加上以下代码即可
        MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
        sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
        properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true");
        properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory", sf);

        //=================================准备工作完毕

        //1.创建一个session会话对象；
        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() {
            @Override
            protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                return new PasswordAuthentication("24736743@qq.com", "授权码");
            }
        });

        //可以通过session开启Dubug模式，查看所有的过程
        session.setDebug(true);


        //2.获取连接对象，通过session对象获得Transport，需要捕获或者抛出异常；
        Transport tp = session.getTransport();

        //3.连接服务器,需要抛出异常；
        tp.connect("smtp.qq.com","24736743@qq.com","授权码");

        //4.连接上之后我们需要发送邮件；
        MimeMessage mimeMessage = imageMail(session);

        //5.发送邮件
        tp.sendMessage(mimeMessage,mimeMessage.getAllRecipients());

        //6.关闭连接
        tp.close();

    }


    public static MimeMessage imageMail(Session session) throws MessagingException {

        //消息的固定信息
        MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session);

        //邮件发送人
        mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress("24736743@qq.com"));
        //邮件接收人，可以同时发送给很多人，我们这里只发给自己；
        mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress("24736743@qq.com"));
        mimeMessage.setSubject("我也不知道是个什么东西就发给你了"); //邮件主题


        /*
        编写邮件内容
        1.图片
        2.附件
        3.文本
         */

        //图片
        MimeBodyPart body1 = new MimeBodyPart();
        body1.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("src/resources/yhbxb.png")));
        body1.setContentID("yhbxb.png"); //图片设置ID

        //文本
        MimeBodyPart body2 = new MimeBodyPart();
        body2.setContent("请注意，我不是广告<img src='cid:yhbxb.png'>","text/html;charset=utf-8");

        //附件
        MimeBodyPart body3 = new MimeBodyPart();
        body3.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("src/resources/log4j.properties")));
        body3.setFileName("log4j.properties"); //附件设置名字

        MimeBodyPart body4 = new MimeBodyPart();
        body4.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("src/resources/1.txt")));
        body4.setFileName(""); //附件设置名字

        //拼装邮件正文内容
        MimeMultipart multipart1 = new MimeMultipart();
        multipart1.addBodyPart(body1);
        multipart1.addBodyPart(body2);
        multipart1.setSubType("related"); //1.文本和图片内嵌成功！

        //new MimeBodyPart().setContent(multipart1); //将拼装好的正文内容设置为主体
        MimeBodyPart contentText =  new MimeBodyPart();
        contentText.setContent(multipart1);

        //拼接附件
        MimeMultipart allFile =new MimeMultipart();
        allFile.addBodyPart(body3); //附件
        allFile.addBodyPart(body4); //附件
        allFile.addBodyPart(contentText);//正文
        allFile.setSubType("mixed"); //正文和附件都存在邮件中，所有类型设置为mixed；


        //放到Message消息中
        mimeMessage.setContent(allFile);
        mimeMessage.saveChanges();//保存修改


        return mimeMessage;

    }

}

JavaWeb发送邮件
现在很多的网站都提供有用户注册功能，通常我们注册成功之后就会收到一封来自注册网站的邮件。邮件里面的内容可能包含了我们的注册的用户名和密码以及一个激活账户的超链接等信息。今天我们也来实现一个这样的功能，用户注册成功之后，就将用户的注册信息以Email的形式发送到用户的注册邮箱当中，实现发送邮件功能就得借助于JavaMail了。
1.新建一个web项目，配置Tomcat，添加jar包
2.编写对应的实体类：

package com.wang.pojo;

public class User {
private String username;
private String password;
private String email;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String username, String password, String email) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", email='" + email + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

3.注册前端页面

%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/RegisterServlet.do" method="post">
    <p>用户名：<input type="text" name="username" required></p>
    <p>密码：<input type="password" name="password" required></p>
    <p>邮箱：<input type="text" name="email" required></p>
    <p>
        <input type="submit" value="注册">
        <input type="reset" value="重置">
    </p>
</form>

</body>
</html>

4.邮件发送工具类

package com.wang.utils;

import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;
import com.wang.pojo.User;

import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class SendMail extends Thread {

    //用于给用户发送邮件的邮箱
    private String from="1614406553@qq.com" ;
    //邮箱的用户名
    private String username="1614406553@qq.com";
    //邮箱密码
    private String password="wbhnqznkahzsdhdg";

    //发送邮件的服务器地址
    private String host="smtp.qq.com";
    private User user;
    public SendMail(User user){
        this.user=user;
    }

    //重写run方法，在run方法中发送邮件给指定的用户
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("mail.host",host);
        properties.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol","smtp");
        properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth","true");

        //关于QQ邮箱，还要设置SSL加密，加上以下代码即可
        MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
        sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
        properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true");
        properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory", sf);

        //1.定义创建整个应用程序所需的环境信息Session对象
      Session session=Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() {
          @Override
          protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
              return new PasswordAuthentication(username,password);
          }
      });
        //开启session的debug模式，这样就可以查看到程序发送Email的运行状态
        session.setDebug(true);

            //2.通过sessiom得到transport对象
            Transport transport = session.getTransport();
            //使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮件服务器
            transport.connect(host,username,password);
            //4.创建邮件
            MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
            message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));//发件人
            message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress(user.getEmail()));//收件人
            message.setSubject("用户注册邮件");//邮件的标题

            String info = "恭喜您注册成功，您的用户名：" + user.getUsername() + ",您的密码：" + user.getPassword() + "，请妥善保管，如有问题请联系网站客服!!";
            message.setContent(info,"text/html;charset=UTF-8");
            message.saveChanges();

            //发送邮件
            transport.sendMessage(message,message.getAllRecipients());
            transport.close();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

5.编写对应的servlet处理类

package com.wang.mail;

import com.wang.pojo.User;
import com.wang.utils.SendMail;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request,response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {
//处理前端请求
        //接收用户请求
        try {
            String username = request.getParameter("username");
            String password= request.getParameter("password");
            String email = request.getParameter("email");
            User user = new User(username,password,email);

            //用户注册成功之后，给用户发送一封邮件
            //我们使用线程来专门发送邮件，防止出现耗时，和网站注册人数过多的情况；
            SendMail sendMail = new SendMail(user);
            sendMail.start();
            //发送邮件
            request.setAttribute("message","注册成功，我们已经发了一封带了注册信息的电子邮件，请查收！如网络不稳定，可能过会儿才能收到！！");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("info.jsp").forward(request,response);
        } catch (ServletException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            request.setAttribute("message","注册失败");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("info.jsp").forward(request,response);
        }
    }
}

6.配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.wang.mail.RegisterServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/RegisterServlet.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

7.发送成功反馈页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${message}
</body>
</html>