记一次sql优化，or查询优化与连接索引失效

最新推荐文章于 2025-02-14 17:35:28 发布

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本文通过一个具体的案例，展示了如何逐步优化SQL查询效率，包括解决全表扫描问题、字符集不一致导致索引失效等问题。

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优化一个sql，这个sql并不复杂，但执行了错误的执行计划，原始sql如下



EXPLAIN
SELECT
	t1.TRANSACTION_ID,
	t1.CLIENT_KEY,
	t1.RING_NAME,
	t1.CMS_RING_NAME,
	t1.NICK_NAME,
	T1.RING_TYPE,
	t1.TTS_CONTENT,
	T1.AUDIO_TYPE,
	T1.TTS_GENDER,
	T1.MSISDN,
	t1.TTS_BG_MUSIC_ID,
	T1.FILE_PATH,
	T1.CMS_FILE_PATH,
	T1.LISTEN_FILE_PATH,
	T1.CONTENT_ID,
	T1.COPYRIGHT_ID,
	T1.REAL_COPYRIGHT_ID,
	T1.STATE RING_STATE,
	T1.CREATE_TIME RING_CREATE_TIME,
	T2.ID,
	T2.PID,
	T2.TYPE STEP_TYPE,
	T2.PROVINCE_CODE,
	T2.LAST_TIME,
	T2.STATE STEP_STATE,
	T2.CREATE_TIME STEP_CREATE_TIME,
	T3.CMS_CALLBACK_ID
FROM
	AB_RING T1,
	ab_ring_step T2,
	AB_DEPLOY T3
WHERE
	T1.TRANSACTION_ID = T2.TRANSACTION_ID 
AND 
	(T2.PID = T3.STEP_ID OR T2.ID = T3.STEP_ID)
and t1.conteNT_ID='600912988981418430'
ORDER BY
	T2.CREATE_TIME DESC
LIMIT 0,
 10

查看执行计划

T3出现了全表扫描，会导致查询变慢，在测试数据中，各个表都只有几万条数据，耗时还不是很明显，但正式环境是上百万的数据量，这样的执行计划必然会导致慢查询。而T3表全表扫描的原因，很明显是这句话造成的

T2.PID = T3.STEP_ID OR T2.ID = T3.STEP_ID

在业务上，这句话的意思是将t2表和t3表关联，t2表如果是子流程，则将这个子流程的主流程id与t3表关联，如果t2表的数据是主流程，则直接将这个主流程与t3表关联，主流程对应的pid为‘0000000000000000000000’

根据常规优化，把or换成union all，于是sql变成了这样

EXPLAIN
SELECT
	t1.TRANSACTION_ID,
	t1.CLIENT_KEY,
	t1.RING_NAME,
	t1.CMS_RING_NAME,
	t1.NICK_NAME,
	T1.RING_TYPE,
	t1.TTS_CONTENT,
	T1.AUDIO_TYPE,
	T1.TTS_GENDER,
	T1.MSISDN,
	t1.TTS_BG_MUSIC_ID,
	T1.FILE_PATH,
	T1.CMS_FILE_PATH,
	T1.LISTEN_FILE_PATH,
	T1.CONTENT_ID,
	T1.COPYRIGHT_ID,
	T1.REAL_COPYRIGHT_ID,
	T1.STATE RING_STATE,
	T1.CREATE_TIME RING_CREATE_TIME,
	T2.ID,
	T2.PID,
	T2.TYPE STEP_TYPE,
	T2.PROVINCE_CODE,
	T2.LAST_TIME,
	T2.STATE STEP_STATE,
	T2.CREATE_TIME STEP_CREATE_TIME,
	T3.CMS_CALLBACK_ID
FROM
	AB_RING T1,
	ab_ring_step T2,
	AB_DEPLOY T3
WHERE
	T1.TRANSACTION_ID = T2.TRANSACTION_ID 
AND 
	T2.PID = T3.STEP_ID
AND 
  t1.conteNT_ID='600912988981418430'
UNION ALL
SELECT
	t1.TRANSACTION_ID,
	t1.CLIENT_KEY,
	t1.RING_NAME,
	t1.CMS_RING_NAME,
	t1.NICK_NAME,
	T1.RING_TYPE,
	t1.TTS_CONTENT,
	T1.AUDIO_TYPE,
	T1.TTS_GENDER,
	T1.MSISDN,
	t1.TTS_BG_MUSIC_ID,
	T1.FILE_PATH,
	T1.CMS_FILE_PATH,
	T1.LISTEN_FILE_PATH,
	T1.CONTENT_ID,
	T1.COPYRIGHT_ID,
	T1.REAL_COPYRIGHT_ID,
	T1.STATE RING_STATE,
	T1.CREATE_TIME RING_CREATE_TIME,
	T2.ID,
	T2.PID,
	T2.TYPE STEP_TYPE,
	T2.PROVINCE_CODE,
	T2.LAST_TIME,
	T2.STATE STEP_STATE,
	T2.CREATE_TIME STEP_CREATE_TIME,
	T3.CMS_CALLBACK_ID
FROM
	AB_RING T1,
	ab_ring_step T2,
	AB_DEPLOY T3
WHERE
	T1.TRANSACTION_ID = T2.TRANSACTION_ID 
AND 
	T2.ID = T3.STEP_ID
AND 
  t1.conteNT_ID='600912988981418430'
ORDER BY
	STEP_CREATE_TIME DESC
limit 0,10

再来看看执行计划

看执行计划的最后一行，因为有order by，两个结果集合并之后需要再排序一次。排序也是相当耗时的，甚至超过全表扫描，所以这样的执行计划也是不行的。

因为T3表的step_id是有索引的，如果是驱动表.xx = T3.step_id，这样的写法肯定是没有问题的。所以，用其他办法去掉OR查询条件，于是有了如下的sql

EXPLAIN
SELECT
	t1.TRANSACTION_ID,
	t1.CLIENT_KEY,
	t1.RING_NAME,
	t1.CMS_RING_NAME,
	t1.NICK_NAME,
	T1.RING_TYPE,
	t1.TTS_CONTENT,
	T1.AUDIO_TYPE,
	T1.TTS_GENDER,
	T1.MSISDN,
	t1.TTS_BG_MUSIC_ID,
	T1.FILE_PATH,
	T1.CMS_FILE_PATH,
	T1.LISTEN_FILE_PATH,
	T1.CONTENT_ID,
	T1.COPYRIGHT_ID,
	T1.REAL_COPYRIGHT_ID,
	T1.STATE RING_STATE,
	T1.CREATE_TIME RING_CREATE_TIME,
	T2.ID,
	T2.PID,
	T2.TYPE STEP_TYPE,
	T2.PROVINCE_CODE,
	T2.LAST_TIME,
	T2.STATE STEP_STATE,
	T2.CREATE_TIME STEP_CREATE_TIME,
	T3.CMS_CALLBACK_ID
FROM
	AB_RING T1,
	(select *,
case pid
when pid='0000000000000000000000'
then ID
else pid
end xpid
 from ab_ring_step) T2  ,
	AB_DEPLOY T3
WHERE
	T1.TRANSACTION_ID = T2.TRANSACTION_ID
AND 
	T2.xPID = T3.STEP_ID
AND T1.CONTENT_ID = '600912988981418430'
ORDER BY
	T2.CREATE_TIME DESC
limit 0,10

再来看看执行计划

这个执行计划中，T3表方面没有什么问题了。但仍然有全表扫描，ab_ring_step表进行了全表扫描。接下来，我们优化ab_ring_step全表扫描的问题。

ab_ring_step全表扫描，会不会是因为把T2作为了一个子查询，数据放到临时表里面去了，临时表是没有索引的，所以进行了全表扫描。然而事实证明不是，为了简化这个问题，我们把sql改写为

EXPLAIN
select * from ab_ring t1,ab_ring_step t2 
where t2.transaction_id = t1.transaction_id 
and t1.content_id='600912988981418430'

再来看看执行计划

这回sql清晰明了，但ab_ring_step表仍然是全表扫描。有意思了，ab_ring_step表的transaction_id可是有索引的

连接条件为transaction_id的等值条件，而被驱动表ab_ring_step的transaction_id字段也是有索引，它居然走了全表扫描！

不相信，把sql反过来试试

EXPLAIN
select * from ab_ring t1,ab_ring_step t2 
where t1.transaction_id = t2.transaction_id
and t2.pid='D0A956EB2D614A47BF087FD989517ACE'

执行计划

看上去没什么问题，连接条件如果在被驱动表上有索引，确实是走的索引，没毛病。
那为什么当ab_ring_step表被驱动的时候没有走索引呢？

检查N久，终于发现

两个字段的字符集不一样！
所以解决的办法就是把它们的字符集弄成一样。

再来看一看

执行计划正常了。

在看看这个sql

EXPLAIN
SELECT
	t1.TRANSACTION_ID,
	t1.CLIENT_KEY,
	t1.RING_NAME,
	t1.CMS_RING_NAME,
	t1.NICK_NAME,
	T1.RING_TYPE,
	t1.TTS_CONTENT,
	T1.AUDIO_TYPE,
	T1.TTS_GENDER,
	T1.MSISDN,
	t1.TTS_BG_MUSIC_ID,
	T1.FILE_PATH,
	T1.CMS_FILE_PATH,
	T1.LISTEN_FILE_PATH,
	T1.CONTENT_ID,
	T1.COPYRIGHT_ID,
	T1.REAL_COPYRIGHT_ID,
	T1.STATE RING_STATE,
	T1.CREATE_TIME RING_CREATE_TIME,
	T2.ID,
	T2.PID,
	T2.TYPE STEP_TYPE,
	T2.PROVINCE_CODE,
	T2.LAST_TIME,
	T2.STATE STEP_STATE,
	T2.CREATE_TIME STEP_CREATE_TIME,
	T3.CMS_CALLBACK_ID
FROM
	AB_RING T1,
	(select *,
case pid
when pid='0000000000000000000000'
then ID
else pid
end xpid
 from ab_ring_step) T2  ,
	AB_DEPLOY T3
WHERE
	T1.TRANSACTION_ID = T2.TRANSACTION_ID
AND 
	T2.xPID = T3.STEP_ID
AND T1.CONTENT_ID = '600912988981418430'
ORDER BY
	T2.CREATE_TIME DESC
limit 0,10

执行计划