SpringMVC加载配置Properties文件的几种方式

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最新推荐文章于 2025-05-27 09:33:19 发布

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本文详细介绍了在SpringMVC项目中加载Properties配置文件的三种方式：1) 使用`context:property-placeholder`，涉及spring.xml配置、jdbc.properties引用及Java类中的应用；2) 通过`util:properties`加载config.properties，包括配置文件引用和Java类中的使用；3) 直接在Java类中使用注解加载配置文件，并给出了具体示例。

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SpringMVC加载配置Properties文件的几种方式

最近开发的项目使用了SpringMVC的框架，用下来感觉SpringMVC的代码实现的非常优雅，功能也非常强大,网上介绍Controller参数绑定、URL映射的文章都很多了，写这篇博客主要总结一下SpringMVC加载配置Properties文件的几种方式

1.通过context:property-placeholde实现配置文件加载

1.1、在spring.xml中加入context相关引用

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base-package="mytest" />

<aop:config proxy-target-class="true" />


<util:properties id="settings" location="classpath:config.properties"/>
</beans>

1.2、引入jdbc配置文件

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

1.3、jdbc.properties的配置如下

jdbc_driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc_url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/testdb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
jdbc_username=root
jdbc_password=123456

1.4、在Java类中引用jdbc.properties中的配置

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class JdbcConfig{

@Value("${jdbc_url}")
public String jdbcUrl; //这里变量不能定义成static

@Value("${jdbc_username}")
public String username;

@Value("${jdbc_password}")
public String password;

}

1.5、在controller中调用

@RequestMapping("/service/**")
@Controller
public class JdbcController{
@Autowired
private JdbcConfig Config; //引用统一的参数配置类
@Value("${jdbc_url}")
private String jdbcUrl; //直接在Controller引用
@RequestMapping(value={"/test"})
public ModelMap test(ModelMap modelMap) {
modelMap.put("jdbcUrl", Config.jdbcUrl);
return modelMap;
}
@RequestMapping(value={"/test2"})
public ModelMap test2(ModelMap modelMap) {
modelMap.put("jdbcUrl", this.jdbcUrl);
return modelMap;
}
}
返回如下结果：
{
jdbcUrl:"jdbc:mysql://localhost/testdb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8"
}

注：通过context:property-placeholde加载多个配置文件
只需在第1.2步中将多个配置文件以逗号分隔即可
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties,classpath:XXX.properties"/>

2、通过util:properties实现配置文件加载

2.1、在spring.xml中加入util相关引用

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">

2.2、引入config配置文件

<util:properties id="settings" location="classpath:config.properties"/>

2.3、config.properties的配置如下

gnss.server.url=http://127.0.0.1:8080/gnss/services/data-world/rest

2.4、在java类中引用config中的配置

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Config {
@Value("#{settings['gnss.server.url']}")
public String GNSS_SERVER_URL;

}

2.5、在controller中调用

@RequestMapping("/service2/**")
@Controller
public class ConfigController{
@Autowired
private Config Config; //引用统一的参数配置类
@RequestMapping(value={"/test"})
public ModelMap test(ModelMap modelMap) {
modelMap.put("gnss.service.url",Config.GNSS_SERVER_URL);
return modelMap;
}
}
返回如下结果：
{
"gnss.service.url":"http://127.0.0.1:8080/gnss/services/data-world/rest"
}

3.直接在Java类中通过注解实现配置文件加载

3.1、在java类中引入配置文件

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;

@Configuration
public class Config {

@Value("${gnss.server.url}")
public String GNSS_SERVER_URL;

@Value("${gnss.server.url}")
public String jdbcUrl;

}

3.2、在controller中调用

3.3、测试

返回如下结果：
{
"gnss.service.url":"http://127.0.0.1:8080/gnss/services/data-world/rest"
}

3.4、实例如下:

1)package com.websystique.spring;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import com.websystique.spring.configuration.AppConfig;
import com.websystique.spring.service.FileService;
public class AppMain {
public static void main(String args[]){
AbstractApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);
FileService service = (FileService) context.getBean("fileService");
service.readValues();
context.close();

}

2)package com.websystique.spring.configuration;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.websystique.spring")
@PropertySource(value = { "classpath:application.properties" })
public class AppConfig {
/*
* PropertySourcesPlaceHolderConfigurer Bean only required for @Value("{}") annotations.
* Remove this bean if you are not using @Value annotations for injecting properties.
*/
@Bean
public static PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer propertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer() {
return new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer();
}
}
}

3)package com.websystique.spring.service;

public interface FileService {
void readValues();
}

4)package com.websystique.spring.service

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service("fileService")
public class FileServiceImpl implements FileService {
@Value("${sourceLocation:c:/temp/input}")
private String source;
@Value("${destinationLocation:c:/temp/output}")
private String destination;
@Autowired
private Environment environment;
public void readValues() {
System.out.println("Getting property via Spring Environment :"
+ environment.getProperty("jdbc.driverClassName"));
System.out.println("Source Location : " + source);
System.out.println("Destination Location : " + destination);
}
}