条款03:尽可能使用const(Use const whenever possible.)

本文详细介绍了C++中const关键字的多种用途,包括修饰指针、迭代器及函数等场景。通过具体实例展示了如何利用const提升代码的可读性和效率。

 

1. 修饰指针

如果关键字const出现在星号左边,表示被指物是常量;如果出现在星号右边,表示指针自身是常量;如果出现在星号两边,

表示被指物和指针两者都是常量。

2. 修饰迭代器

 

3. 函数定义

修饰函数返回值、各参数、函数自身(如果是成员函数)

3.1 const函数返回值

 

//在a*b的成果上调用operator*

3.2 const成员函数

这一类成员函数之所以重要,基于两个理由。第一,它们使Class接口比较容易被理解。这是因为,得知哪个函数可以改动对象内容而哪个函数不行,很是重要。第二,它们使“操作

 

const对象”成为可能。这对编写高效代码是个关键,因为如条款20所言,改善C+十程序效率的一个根本办法是以pass by reference-to-const方式传递对象,而此技术可行的前提是,我们有

 

const成员函数可用来处理取得(并经修饰而成)的const对象。

两个成员函数如果只是常量性(constness)不同,可以被重载。这实在是一个重要的C一特性。

bitwise const阵营的人相信,成员函数只有在不更改对象之任何成员变量(static除外)时才可以说是const。也就是说它不更改对象内的任何一个bit。

可以将成员变量声明称mutable,mutable std::size t textLength; //表示这些成员变量可能总是会被更改,即使在const成员函数内。

 

 

3.3 令non-const版本调用const版本可避免代码重复。

const和non-const成员函数有着实质等价的实现时,令non-const版本调用const版本可避免代码重复。

 

 

'use strict' const path = require('path') const utils = require('./utils') const webpack = require('webpack') const config = require('../config') const merge = require('webpack-merge') const baseWebpackConfig = require('./webpack.base.conf') const CopyWebpackPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin') const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin') const ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin') const OptimizeCSSPlugin = require('optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin') const UglifyJsPlugin = require('uglifyjs-webpack-plugin') const env = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'testing' ? require('../config/test.env') : require('../config/prod.env') const webpackConfig = merge(baseWebpackConfig, { module: { rules: utils.styleLoaders({ sourceMap: config.build.productionSourceMap, extract: true, usePostCSS: true }) }, devtool: config.build.productionSourceMap ? config.build.devtool : false, output: { path: config.build.assetsRoot, filename: utils.assetsPath('js/[name].[chunkhash].js'), chunkFilename: utils.assetsPath('js/[id].[chunkhash].js') }, plugins: [ // http://vuejs.github.io/vue-loader/en/workflow/production.html new webpack.DefinePlugin({ 'process.env': env }), new UglifyJsPlugin({ uglifyOptions: { compress: { warnings: false } }, sourceMap: config.build.productionSourceMap, parallel: true }), // extract css into its own file new ExtractTextPlugin({ filename: utils.assetsPath('css/[name].[contenthash].css'), // Setting the following option to `false` will not extract CSS from codesplit chunks. // Their CSS will instead be inserted dynamically with style-loader when the codesplit chunk has been loaded by webpack. // It's currently set to `true` because we are seeing that sourcemaps are included in the codesplit bundle as well when it's `false`, // increasing file size: https://github.com/vuejs-templates/webpack/issues/1110 allChunks: true, }), // Compress extracted CSS. We are using this plugin so that possible // duplicated CSS from different components can be deduped. new OptimizeCSSPlugin({ cssProcessorOptions: config.build.productionSourceMap ? { safe: true, map: { inline: false } } : { safe: true } }), // generate dist index.html with correct asset hash for caching. // you can customize output by editing /index.html // see https://github.com/ampedandwired/html-webpack-plugin new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ filename: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'testing' ? 'index.html' : config.build.index, template: 'index.html', inject: true, minify: { removeComments: true, collapseWhitespace: true, removeAttributeQuotes: true // more options: // https://github.com/kangax/html-minifier#options-quick-reference }, // necessary to consistently work with multiple chunks via CommonsChunkPlugin chunksSortMode: 'dependency' }), // keep module.id stable when vendor modules does not change new webpack.HashedModuleIdsPlugin(), // enable scope hoisting new webpack.optimize.ModuleConcatenationPlugin(), // split vendor js into its own file new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({ name: 'vendor', minChunks (module) { // any required modules inside node_modules are extracted to vendor return ( module.resource && /\.js$/.test(module.resource) && module.resource.indexOf( path.join(__dirname, '../node_modules') ) === 0 ) } }), // extract webpack runtime and module manifest to its own file in order to // prevent vendor hash from being updated whenever app bundle is updated new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({ name: 'manifest', minChunks: Infinity }), // This instance extracts shared chunks from code splitted chunks and bundles them // in a separate chunk, similar to the vendor chunk // see: https://webpack.js.org/plugins/commons-chunk-plugin/#extra-async-commons-chunk new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({ name: 'app', async: 'vendor-async', children: true, minChunks: 3 }), // copy custom static assets new CopyWebpackPlugin([ { from: path.resolve(__dirname, '../static'), to: config.build.assetsSubDirectory, ignore: ['.*'] } ]) ] }) if (config.build.productionGzip) { const CompressionWebpackPlugin = require('compression-webpack-plugin') webpackConfig.plugins.push( new CompressionWebpackPlugin({ asset: '[path].gz[query]', algorithm: 'gzip', test: new RegExp( '\\.(' + config.build.productionGzipExtensions.join('|') + ')$' ), threshold: 10240, minRatio: 0.8 }) ) } if (config.build.bundleAnalyzerReport) { const BundleAnalyzerPlugin = require('webpack-bundle-analyzer').BundleAnalyzerPlugin webpackConfig.plugins.push(new BundleAnalyzerPlugin()) } module.exports = webpackConfig 打包后的文件会是zip文件吗
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