请翻译下面内容为中文， ======================================
INSTALLING SUBVERSION
A Quick Guide
======================================
$LastChangedDate$
Contents:
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Audience
B. Dependency Overview
C. Dependencies in Detail
D. Documentation
II. INSTALLATION
A. Building from a Tarball
B. Building the Latest Source under Unix
C. Building under Unix in Different Directories
D. Installing from a Zip or Installer File under Windows
E. Building the Latest Source under Windows
F. Building using CMake
III. BUILDING A SUBVERSION SERVER
A. Setting Up Apache Httpd
B. Making and Installing the Subversion Apache Server Module
C. Configuring Apache Httpd for Subversion
D. Running and Testing
E. Alternative: 'svnserve' and ra_svn
IV. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE BINDINGS (PYTHON, PERL, RUBY, JAVA)
I. INTRODUCTION
============
A. Audience
This document is written for people who intend to build
Subversion from source code. Normally, the only people who do
this are Subversion developers and package maintainers.
If neither of these labels fits you, we recommend you find an
appropriate binary package of Subversion and install that.
While the Subversion project doesn't officially release binary
packages, a number of volunteers have made such packages
available for different operating systems. Most Linux and BSD
distributions already have Subversion packages ready to go via
standard packaging channels, and other volunteers have built
'installers' for both Windows and OS X. Visit this page for
package links:
https://subversion.apache.org/packages.html
For those of you who still wish to build from source, Subversion
follows the Unix convention of "./configure && make", but it has
a number of dependencies.
B. Dependency Overview
You'll need the following build tools to compile Subversion:
* autoconf 2.59 or later (Unix only)
* libtool 1.4 or later (Unix only)
* a reasonable C compiler (gcc, Visual Studio, etc.)
Subversion also depends on the following third-party libraries:
* libapr and libapr-util (REQUIRED for client and server)
The Apache Portable Runtime (APR) library provides an
abstraction of operating-system level services such as file
and network I/O, memory management, and so on. It also
provides convenience routines for things like hashtables,
checksums, and argument processing. While it was originally
developed for the Apache HTTP server, APR is a standalone
library used by Subversion and other products. It is a
critical dependency for all of Subversion; it's the layer
that allows Subversion clients and servers to run on
different operating systems.
* SQLite (REQUIRED for client and server)
Subversion uses SQLite to manage some internal databases.
* libz (REQUIRED for client and server)
Subversion uses zlib for compressing binary differences.
These diff streams are used everywhere -- over the network,
in the repository, and in the client's working copy.
* utf8proc (REQUIRED for client and server)
Subversion uses utf8proc for UTF-8 support, including Unicode
normalization.
* Apache Serf (OPTIONAL for client)
The Apache Serf library allows the Subversion client to send HTTP
requests. This is necessary if you want your client to access
a repository served by the Apache HTTP server. There is an
alternate 'svnserve' server as well, though, and clients
automatically know how to speak the svnserve protocol.
Thus it's not strictly necessary for your client to be able
to speak HTTP... though we still recommend that your client
be built to speak both HTTP and svnserve protocols.
* OpenSSL (OPTIONAL for client and server)
OpenSSL enables your client to access SSL-encrypted https://
URLs (using Apache Serf) in addition to unencrypted http:// URLs.
To use SSL with Subversion's WebDAV server, Apache needs to be
compiled with OpenSSL as well.
* Netwide Assembler (OPTIONAL for client and server)
The Netwide Assembler (NASM) is used to build the (optional)
assembler modules of OpenSSL. As of OpenSSL 1.1.0 NASM is the
only supported assembler.
* Berkeley DB (DEPRECATED and OPTIONAL for client and server)
When you create a repository, you have the option of
specifying a storage 'back-end' implementation. Currently,
there are two options. The newer and recommended one, known
as FSFS, does not require Berkeley DB. FSFS stores data in a
flat filesystem. The older implementation, known as BDB, has
been deprecated and is not recommended for new repositories,
but is still available. BDB stores data in a Berkeley DB
database. This back-end will only be available if the BDB
libraries are discovered at compile time.
* libsasl (OPTIONAL for client and server)
If the Cyrus SASL library is detected at compile time, then
the svn client (and svnserve server) will be able to utilize
SASL to do various forms of authentication when speaking the
svnserve protocol.
* Python, Perl, Java, Ruby (OPTIONAL)
Subversion is mostly a collection of C libraries with
well-defined APIs, with a small collection of programs that
use the APIs. If you want to build Subversion API bindings
for other languages, you need to have those languages
available at build time.
* py3c (OPTIONAL, but REQUIRED for Python bindings)
The Python 3 Compatibility Layer for C Extensions is required
to build the Python language bindings.
* KDE Framework 5, libsecret, GNOME Keyring (OPTIONAL for client)
Subversion contains optional support for storing passwords in
KWallet via KDE Framework 5 libraries (preferred) or kdelibs4,
and GNOME Keyring via libsecret (preferred) or GNOME APIs.
* libmagic (OPTIONAL)
If the libmagic library is detected at compile time,
it will be used to determine mime-types of binary files
which are added to version control. Note that mime-types
configured via auto-props or the mime-types-file option
take precedence.
C. Dependencies in Detail
Subversion depends on a number of third party tools and libraries.
Some of them are only required to run a Subversion server; others
are necessary just for a Subversion client. This section explains
what other tools and libraries will be required so that Subversion
can be built with the set of features you want.
On Unix systems, the './configure' script will tell you if you are
missing the correct version of any of the required libraries or
tools, so if you are in a real hurry to get building, you can skip
straight to section II. If you want to gather the pieces you will
need before starting out, however, you should read the following.
If you're just installing a Subversion client, the Subversion
team has created a script that downloads the minimal prerequisite
libraries (Apache Portable Runtime, Sqlite, and Zlib). The script,
'get-deps.sh', is available in the same directory as this file.
When run, it will place 'apr', 'apr-util', 'serf', 'zlib', and
'sqlite-amalgamation' directories directly into your unpacked Subversion
distribution. With the exception of sqlite-amalgamation, they will
still need to be configured, built and installed explicitly, and
Subversion's own configure script may need to be told where to find
them, if they were not installed in standard system locations.
Note: there are optional dependencies (such as OpenSSL, swig, and httpd)
which get-deps.sh does not download.
Note: Because previous builds of Subversion may have installed older
versions of these libraries, you may want to run some of the cleanup
commands described in section II.B before installing the following.
1. Apache Portable Runtime 1.4 or newer (REQUIRED)
Whenever you want to build any part of Subversion, you need the
Apache Portable Runtime (APR) and the APR Utility (APR-util)
libraries.
If you do not have a pre-installed APR and APR-util, you will need
to get these yourself:
https://apr.apache.org/download.cgi
On Unix systems, if you already have the APR libraries compiled and do
not wish to regenerate them from source code, then Subversion needs to
be able to find them.
There are a couple of options to "./configure" that tell it where
to look for the APR and APR-util libraries. By default it will try
to locate the libraries using apr-config and apu-config scripts.
These scripts provide all the relevant information for the APR and
APR-util installations.
If you want to specify the location of the APR library, you can use
the "--with-apr=" option of "./configure". It should be able to find
the apr-config script in the standard location under that directory
(e.g. ${prefix}/bin).
Similarly, you can specify the location of APR-util using the
"--with-apr-util=" option to "./configure". It will look for the
apu-config script relative to that directory.
For example, if you want to use the APR libraries you built
with the Apache httpd server, you could run:
$ ./configure --with-apr=/usr/local/apache2 \
--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apache2 ...
Notes on Windows platforms:
* Do not use APR version 1.7.3 as that release contains a bug that
makes it impossible for Subversion to use it properly. This issue
only affects APR builds on Windows. This issue was fixed in APR
version 1.7.4. See:
https://lists.apache.org/thread/xd5t922jvb9423ph4j84rsp5fxks1k0z
* If you check out APR and APR-util sources from their Subversion
repository, be sure to use a native Windows SVN client (as opposed
to Cygwin's version) so that the .dsp files get carriage-returns at
the ends of their lines. Otherwise Visual Studio will complain that
it doesn't recognize the .dsp files.
Notes on Unix platforms:
* If you check out APR and APR-util sources from their Subversion
repository, you need to run the 'buildconf' script in each library's
directory to regenerate the configure scripts and other files
required for compiling the libraries. Afterwards, configure, build,
and install both libraries before running Subversion's configure
script. For example:
$ cd apr
$ ./buildconf
$ ./configure <options...>
$ make
$ make install
$ cd ..
$ cd apr-util
$ ./buildconf
$ ./configure <options...>
$ make
$ make install
$ cd ..
2. SQLite (REQUIRED)
Subversion requires SQLite version 3.24.0 or above. You can meet this
dependency several ways:
* Use an SQLite amalgamation file.
* Specify an SQLite installation to use.
* Let Subversion find an installed SQLite.
To use an SQLite-provided amalgamation, just drop sqlite3.c into
Subversion's sqlite-amalgamation/ directory, or point to it with the
--with-sqlite configure option. This file also ships with the Subversion
dependencies distribution, or you can download it from SQLite:
https://www.sqlite.org/download.html
3. Zlib (REQUIRED)
Subversion's binary-differencing engine depends on zlib for
compression. Most Unix systems have libz pre-installed, but if
you need it, you can get it from
http://www.zlib.net/
4. utf8proc (REQUIRED)
Subversion uses utf8proc for UTF-8 support. Configure will
attempt to locate utf8proc by default using pkg-config and known
paths.
If it is installed in a non-standard location, then use:
--with-utf8proc=/path/to/libutf8proc
Alternatively, a copy of utf8proc comes bundled with the
Subversion sources. If configure should use the bundled copy,
use:
--with-utf8proc=internal
5. autoconf 2.59 or newer (Unix only)
This is required only if you plan to build from the latest source
(see section II.B). Generally only developers would be doing this.
6. libtool 1.4 or newer (Unix only)
This is required only if you plan to build from the latest source
(see section II.B).
Note: Some systems (Solaris, for example) require libtool 1.4.3 or
newer. The autogen.sh script knows about that.
7. Apache Serf library 1.3.4 or newer (OPTIONAL)
If you want your client to be able to speak to an Apache
server (via a http:// or https:// URL), you must link against
Apache Serf. Though optional, we strongly recommend this.
In order to use ra_serf, you must install serf, and run Subversion's
./configure with the argument --with-serf. If serf is installed in a
non-standard place, you should use
--with-serf=/path/to/serf/install
instead.
Apache Serf can be obtained via your system's package distribution
system or directly from https://serf.apache.org/.
For more information on Apache Serf and Subversion's ra_serf, see the
file subversion/libsvn_ra_serf/README.
8. OpenSSL (OPTIONAL)
### needs some updates. I think Apache Serf automagically handles
### finding OpenSSL, but we may need more docco here. and w.r.t
### zlib.
The Apache Serf library has support for SSL encryption by relying on the
OpenSSL library.
a. Using OpenSSL on the client through Apache Serf
On Unix systems, to build Apache Serf with OpenSSL, you need OpenSSL
installed on your system, and you must add "--with-ssl" as a
"./configure" parameter. If your OpenSSL installation is hard
for Apache Serf to find, you may need to use
"--with-libs=/path/to/lib" in addition. In particular, on Red Hat
(but not Fedora Core) it is necessary to specify
"--with-libs=/usr/kerberos" for OpenSSL to be found. You can also
specify a path to the zlib library using "--with-libs".
Under Windows, you can specify the paths to these libraries by
passing the options --with-zlib and --with-openssl to gen-make.py.
b. Using OpenSSL on the Apache server
You can also add support for these features to an Apache httpd
server to be used for Subversion using the same support libraries.
The Subversion build system will not provide them, however. You
add them by specifying parameters to the "./configure" script of
the Apache Server instead.
For getting SSL on your server, you would add the "--enable-ssl"
or "--with-ssl=/path/to/lib" option to Apache's "./configure"
script. Apache enables zlib support by default, but you can
specify a nonstandard location for the library with the
"--with-z=/path/to/dir" option. Consult the Apache documentation
for more details, and for other modules you may wish to install
to enhance your Subversion server.
If you don't already have it, you can get a copy of OpenSSL,
including instructions for building and packaging on both Unix
systems and Windows, at:
https://www.openssl.org/
9. Berkeley DB 4.X (DEPRECATED and OPTIONAL)
You need the Berkeley DB libraries only if you are building a
Subversion server that supports the older BDB repository storage
back-end, or a Subversion client that can access local BDB
repositories via the file:// URI scheme.
The BDB back-end has been deprecated and is not recommended for
new repositories. BDB may be removed in Subversion 2.0. We
recommend the newer FSFS back-end for all new repositories.
FSFS does not require the Berkeley DB libraries.
If in doubt, the 'svnadmin info' command, added in Subversion
1.9, can identify whether an existing repository uses BDB or
FSFS.
The current recommended version of Berkeley DB is 4.4.20 or
newer, which brings auto-recovery functionality to the Berkeley
DB database environment.
If you must use an older version of Berkeley DB, we *strongly*
recommend using 4.3 or 4.2 over the 4.1 or 4.0 versions. Not
only are these significantly faster and more stable, but they
also enable Subversion repositories to automatically clean up
database journal files to save disk space.
You'll need Berkeley DB installed on your system. You can
get it from:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/database-technologies/berkeleydb/overview/index.html
If you have Berkeley DB installed in a place not searched by default
for includes and libraries, add something like this:
--with-berkeley-db=db.h:/usr/local/include/db4.7:/usr/local/lib/db4.7:db-4.7
to your `configure' switches, and the build process will use the
Berkeley DB header and library in the named directories. You may
need to use a different path, of course. Note that in order for
the detection to succeed, the dynamic linker must be able to find
the libraries at configure time.
10. Cyrus SASL library (OPTIONAL)
If the Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) library
is detected on your system, then the Subversion client and
svnserve server can utilize its abilities for various forms of
authentication. To learn more about SASL or to get the source
code, visit:
http://freshmeat.net/projects/cyrussasl/
11. Apache Web Server 2.2.X or newer (OPTIONAL)
(https://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi)
The Apache httpd server is one of two methods to make your Subversion
repository available over a network - the other is a custom server
program called svnserve, which requires no extra software packages.
Building Subversion, the Apache server, and the modules that Apache
needs to communicate with Subversion are complicated enough that there
is a whole section at the end of this document that describes how it
is done: See section III for details.
12. Python 3.x or newer (https://www.python.org/) (OPTIONAL)
Subversion does not require Python for its basic operation.
However, Python is required for building and testing Subversion
and for using Subversion's SWIG Python bindings or hook scripts
coded in Python.
The majority of Subversion's test suite is written in Python, as
is part of Subversion's build system.
In more detail, Python is required to do any of the following:
* Use the SWIG Python bindings.
* Use the ctypes Python bindings.
* Use hook scripts coded in Python.
* Build Subversion from a tarball on Unix-like systems and run
Subversion's test suite as described in section II.B.
* Build Subversion on Windows as described in section II.E.
* Build Subversion from a working copy checked out from
Subversion's own repository (whether or not running the test
suite).
* Build the SWIG Python bindings.
* Build the ctypes Python bindings.
* Testing as described in section III.D.
The Python bindings are used by:
* Third-party programs (e.g., ViewVC)
* Scripts distributed with Subversion itself in the tools/
subdirectory.
* Any in-house scripts you may have.
Python is NOT required to do any of the following:
* Use the core command-line binaries (svn, svnadmin, svnsync,
etc.)
* Use Subversion's C libraries.
* Use any of Subversion's other language bindings.
* Build Subversion from a tarball on Unix-like systems without
running Subversion's test suite
Although this section calls for Python 3.x, Subversion still
technically works with Python 2.7. However, Support for Python
2.7 is being phased out. As of 1 January 2020, Python 2.7 has
reached end of life. All users are strongly encouraged to move
to Python 3.
Note: If you are using a Subversion distribution tarball and want
to build the Python bindings for Python 2, you should rebuild
the build environment in non-release mode by running
'sh autogen.sh' before running the ./configure script; see
section II.B for more about autogen.sh.
13. Perl 5.8 or newer (Windows only) (OPTIONAL)
To build Subversion under any of the MS Windows platforms, you
will also need Perl 5.8 or newer to run apr-util's w32locatedb.pl
script.
14. pkg-config (Unix only, OPTIONAL)
Subversion uses pkg-config to find appropriate options used
at build time.
15. D-Bus (Unix only, OPTIONAL)
D-Bus is a message bus system. D-Bus is required for support for KWallet
and GNOME Keyring. pkg-config is needed to find D-Bus headers and library.
16. Qt 5 or Qt 4 (Unix only, OPTIONAL)
Qt is a cross-platform application framework. QtCore, QtDBus and QtGui
modules are required for support for KWallet. pkg-config is needed
to find Qt headers and libraries.
17. KDE 5 Framework libraries or KDELibs 4 (Unix only, OPTIONAL)
Subversion contains optional support for storing passwords in KWallet.
Subversion will look for KF5Wallet, KF5CoreAddons, KF5I18n APIs by default,
and needs kf5-config to find them. The KDELibs 4 api is also supported.
KDELibs contains core KDE libraries. Subversion uses libkdecore and libkdeui
libraries when support for KWallet is enabled. kde4-config is used to get
some necessary options. pkg-config, D-Bus and Qt 4 are also required.
If you want to build support for KWallet, then pass the '--with-kwallet'
option to `configure`. If KDE is installed in a non-standard prefix, then
use:
--with-kwallet=/path/to/KDE/prefix
18. GLib 2 (Unix only, OPTIONAL)
GLib is a general-purpose utility library. GLib is required for support
for GNOME Keyring. pkg-config is needed to find GLib headers and library.
19. GNOME Keyring (Unix only, OPTIONAL)
Subversion contains optional support for storing passwords in GNOME Keyring.
pkg-config is needed to find GNOME Keyring headers and library. D-Bus and
GLib are also required. If you want to build support for GNOME Keyring,
then pass the '--with-gnome-keyring' option to `configure`.
20. Ctypesgen (OPTIONAL)
Ctypesgen is Python wrapper generator for ctypes. It is used to generate
a part of Subversion Ctypes Python bindings (CSVN). If you want to build
CSVN, then pass the '--with-ctypesgen' option to `configure`. If ctypesgen.py
is installed in a non-standard place, then use:
--with-ctypesgen=/path/to/ctypesgen.py
For more information on CSVN, see subversion/bindings/ctypes-python/README.
21. libmagic (OPTIONAL)
Subversion's configure script attempts to find libmagic automatically.
If it is installed in a non-standard location, then use:
--with-libmagic=/path/to/libmagic/prefix
The files include/magic.h and lib/libmagic.so.1.0 (or similar)
are expected beneath this prefix directory. If they cannot be
found Subversion will be compiled without support for libmagic.
If libmagic is installed but support for it should not be compiled
in, then use:
--with-libmagic=no
If configure should fail when libmagic is not present, but only
the default locations should be searched, then use:
--with-libmagic
22. LZ4 (OPTIONAL)
Subversion uses LZ4 compression library version r129 or above. Configure
will attempt to locate the system library by default using pkg-config
and known paths.
If it is installed in a non-standard location, then use:
--with-lz4=/path/to/liblz4
If configure should use the version bundled with the sources, use:
--with-lz4=internal
23. py3c (OPTIONAL)
Subversion uses the Python 3 Compatibility Layer for C
Extensions (py3c) library when building the Python language
bindings.
As py3c is a header-only library, it is needed only to build the
bindings, not to use them.
Configure will attempt to locate py3c by default using
pkg-config and known paths.
If it is installed in a non-standard location, then use:
--with-py3c=/path/to/py3c/prefix
The library can be downloaded from GitHub:
https://github.com/encukou/py3c
On Unix systems, you can also use the provided get-deps.sh
script to download py3c and several other dependencies; see the
top of section I.C for more about get-deps.sh.
D. Documentation
The primary documentation for Subversion is the free book
"Version Control with Subversion", a.k.a. "The Subversion Book",
obtainable from https://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
Various additional documentation exists in the doc/ subdirectory of
the Subversion source. See the file doc/README for more information.
II. INSTALLATION
============
Subversion support three different build systems:
- Autoconf/make, for Unix builds
- Visual Studio vcproj, for Windows builds
- CMake, for both Unix and Windows
The first two have been in use since 2001. Sections A-E below describe
the classic build system.
The CMake build system was created in 2024 and is still under
development. It will be included in Subversion 1.15 and is expected to
be the default build system starting with Subversion 1.16. Section F
below describes the CMake build system.
A. Building from a Tarball
------------------------------
1. Building from a Tarball
Download the most recent distribution tarball from:
https://subversion.apache.org/download/
Unpack it, and use the standard GNU procedure to compile:
$ ./configure
$ make
# make install
You can also run the full test suite by running 'make check'. Even
in successful runs, some tests will report XFAIL; that is normal.
Failed runs are indicated by FAIL or XPASS results, or a non-zero exit
code from "make check".
B. Building the Latest Source under Unix
-------------------------------------
These instructions assume you have already installed Subversion
and checked out a working copy of Subversion's own code --
either the latest /trunk code, or some branch or tag. You also
need to have already installed whatever prerequisites that
version of Subversion requires (if you haven't, the ./configure
step should complain).
You can discard the directory created by the tarball; you're
about to build the latest, greatest Subversion client. This is
the procedure Subversion developers use.
First off, if you have any Subversion libraries lying around
from previous 'make installs', clean them up first!
# rm -f /usr/local/lib/libsvn*
# rm -f /usr/local/lib/libapr*
# rm -f /usr/local/lib/libserf*
Start the process by running "autogen.sh":
$ sh ./autogen.sh
This script will make sure you have all the necessary components
available to build Subversion. If any are missing, you will be
told where to get them from. (See the 'Dependency Overview' in
section I.)
Note: if the command "autoconf" on your machine does not run
autoconf 2.59 or later, but you do have a new enough autoconf
available, then you can specify the correct one with the
AUTOCONF variable. (The AUTOHEADER variable is similar.) This
may be required on Debian GNU/Linux, where "autoconf" is
actually a Perl script that attempts to guess which version is
required -- because of the interaction between Subversion's and
APR's configuration systems, the Perl script may get it wrong.
So for example, you might need to do:
$ AUTOCONF=autoconf2.59 sh ./autogen.sh
Once you've prepared the working copy by running autogen.sh,
just follow the usual configuration and build procedure:
$ ./configure
$ make
# make install
(Optionally, you might want to pass --enable-maintainer-mode to
the ./configure script. This enables debugging symbols in your
binaries (among other things) and most Subversion developers use it.)
Since the resulting binary depends on shared libraries, the
destination library directory must be identified in your
operating system's library search path. That is in either
/etc/ld.so.conf or $LD_LIBRARY_PATH for Linux systems and in
/etc/rc.conf for FreeBSD, followed by a run of the 'ldconfig'
program. Check your system documentation for details. By
identifying the destination directory, Subversion will be able
to dynamically load repository access plugins. If you try to do
a checkout and see an error like:
subversion/libsvn_ra/ra_loader.c:209: (apr_err=170000)
svn: Unrecognized URL scheme 'https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/subversion/trunk'
It probably means that the dynamic loader/linker can't find all
of the libsvn_* libraries.
C. Building under Unix in Different Directories
--------------------------------------------
It is possible to configure and build Subversion on Unix in a
directory other than the working copy. For example
$ svn co https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/subversion/trunk svn
$ cd svn
$ # get SQLite amalgamation if required
$ chmod +x autogen.sh
$ ./autogen.sh
$ mkdir ../obj
$ cd ../obj
$ ../svn/configure [...with options as appropriate...]
$ make
puts the Subversion working copy in the directory svn and builds
it in a separate, parallel directory obj.
Why would you want to do this? Well there are a number of
reasons...
* You may prefer to avoid "polluting" the working copy with
files generated during the build.
* You may want to put the build directory and the working
copy on different physical disks to improve performance.
* You may want to separate source and object code and only
backup the source.
* You may want to remote mount the working copy on multiple
machines, and build for different machines from the same
working copy.
* You may want to build multiple configurations from the
same working copy.
The last reason above is possibly the most useful. For instance
you can have separate debug and optimized builds each using the
same working copy. Or you may want a client-only build and a
client-server build. Using multiple build directories you can
rebuild any or all configurations after an edit without the need
to either clean and reconfigure, or identify and copy changes
into another working copy.
D. Installing from a Zip or Installer File under Windows
-----------------------------------------------------
Of all the ways of getting a Subversion client, this is the
easiest. Download a Zip or self-extracting installer via:
https://subversion.apache.org/packages.html#windows
For a Zip file extract the DLLs and EXEs to a directory of your
choice. Included in the download are among other tools the SVN
client, the SVNADMIN administration tool and the SVNLOOK reporting
tool.
You may want to add the bin directory in the Subversion folder to your
PATH environment variable so as to not have to use the full path when
running Subversion commands.
To test the installation, open a DOS box (run either "cmd" or
"command" from the Start menu's "Run..." menu option), change to
the directory you installed the executables into, and run:
C:\test>svn co https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/subversion/trunk svn
This will get the latest Subversion sources and put them into the
"svn" subdirectory.
If using a self-extracting .exe file, just run it instead of
unzipping it, to install Subversion.
E. Building the Latest Source under Windows
----------------------------------------
E.1 Prerequisites
* Microsoft Visual Studio. Any recent (2005+) version containing the
Visual C++ component will work (E.g. Professional, Express, Community
Edition). Make sure you enable C++ support during setup.
* Python 2.7 or higher, downloaded from https://www.python.org/ which is
used to generate the project files.
* Perl 5.8 or higher from https://www.perl.org/get.html
* Awk is needed to compile Apache. Source code is available in
tools\dev\awk, run the buildwin.bat program to compile.
* Apache apr, apr-util, and optionally apr-iconv libraries, version
1.4 or later (1.2 for apr-iconv). If you are building from a Subversion
checkout and have not downloaded Apache 2, then get these 3 libraries
from https://www.apache.org/dist/apr/.
* SQLite 3.24.0 or higher from https://www.sqlite.org/download.html
(3.39.4 or higher recommended)
* ZLib 1.2 or higher is required and can be obtained from
http://www.zlib.net/
* Either a Subversion client binary from
https://subversion.apache.org/packages.html to do the initial checkout
of the Subversion source or the zip file source distribution.
Additional Options
* [Optional] Apache Httpd 2 source, downloaded from
https://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi, these instructions assume
version 2.0.58. This is only needed for building the Subversion
server Apache modules. ### FIXME Apache 2.2 or greater required.
* [Optional] Berkeley DB for backend support of the server components
are available from
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/database-technologies/berkeleydb/downloads/index-082944.html
(Version 4.4.20 or in specific cases some higher version recommended)
For more information see Section I.C.9.
* [Optional] Openssl can be obtained from https://www.openssl.org/source/
* [Optional] NASM can be obtained from http://www.nasm.us/
* [Optional] A modified version of GNU libintl, called
svn-win32-libintl.zip, can be used for displaying localized
messages. Available at:
http://subversion.tigris.org/servlets/ProjectDocumentList?folderID=2627
* [Optional] GNU gettext for generating message catalog (.mo)
files from message translations. You can get the latest
binaries from http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/. You'll need the
binaries (gettext-0.14.1-bin.zip) and dependencies
(gettext-0.14.1-dep.zip).
E.2 Notes
The Apache Serf library supports secure connections with OpenSSL
and on-the-wire compression with zlib. If you want to use the
secure connections feature, you should pass the option
"--with-openssl" to the gen-make.py script. See Section I.C.7 for
more details.
E.3 Preparation
This section describes how to unpack the files to make a build tree.
* Make a directory SVN and cd into it.
* Either checkout Subversion:
svn co https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/subversion/trunk src-trunk
or unpack the zip file distribution and rename the directory to
src-trunk.
* Install Visual Studio Environment. You either have to tell the
installer to register environment variables or run VCVARS32.BAT
before building anything. If you are using a newer Visual Studio,
use the 'Visual Studio 20xx Command Prompt' on the Start menu.
* Install Python and add it to your path
* Install Perl (it should add itself to the path)
### Subversion doesn't need perl. Only some dependencies need it
(OpenSSL and some apr scripts)
* Copy AWK (awk95.exe) to awk.exe (e.g. SVN\awk\awk.exe) and add
the directory containing it (e.g. SVN\awk) to the path.
### Subversion doesn't need awk. Only some dependencies need it
(some apr scripts)
* [Optional] Install NASM and add it to your path
### Subversion doesn't need NASM. Only some dependencies need it
optionally (OpenSSL)
* [Optional] If you checked out Subversion from the repository and want
to build Subversion with http/https access support then install the
Apache Serf sources into SVN\src-trunk\serf.
* [Optional] If you want BDB backend support, extract the Berkeley DB
files into SVN\src-trunk\db4-win32. It's a good idea to add
SVN\src-trunk\db4-win32\bin to your PATH, so that Subversion can find
the Berkeley DB DLLs.
[NOTE: This binary package of Berkeley DB is provided for
convenience only. Please don't address questions about
Berkeley DB that aren't directly related to using Subversion
to the project mailing list.]
If you build Berkeley DB from the source, you will have to copy
the file db-x.x.x\build_win32\db.h to
SVN\src-trunk\db4-win32\include, and all the import libraries to
SVN\src-trunk\db4-win32\lib. Again, the DLLs should be somewhere in
your path.
### Just use --with-serf instead of the hardcoded path
* [Optional] If you want to build the server modules, extract Apache
source into SVN\httpd-2.x.x.
* If you are building from a checkout of Subversion, and you are NOT
building Apache, then you will need the APR libraries. Depending
on how you got your version of APR, either:
- Extract the APR, APR-util and APR-iconv source distributions into
SVN\apr, SVN\apr-util, and SVN\apr-iconv respectively.
Or:
- Extract the apr, apr-util and apr-iconv directories from the
srclib folder in the Apache httpd source into SVN\apr,
SVN\apr-util, and SVN\apr-iconv respectively.
### Just use --with-apr, etc. instead of the hardcoded paths
* Extract the ZLib sources into SVN\zlib if you are not using the zlib
included in the dependencies zip file.
### Just use --with-zlib instead of the hardcoded path
* [Optional] If you want secure connection (https) client support extract
OpenSSL into SVN\openssl
### And pass the path to both serf and gen-make.py
* [Optional] If you want localized message support, extract
svn-win32-libintl.zip into SVN\svn-win32-libintl and extract
gettext-x.x.x-bin.zip and gettext-x.x.x-dep.zip into
SVN\gettext-x.x.x-bin.
Add SVN\gettext-x.x.x-bin\bin to your path.
* Download the SQLite amalgamation from
https://www.sqlite.org/download.html
and extract it into SVN\sqlite-amalgamation.
See I.C.12 for alternatives to using the amalgamation package.
E.4 Building the Binaries
To build the binaries either follow these instructions.
Start in the SVN directory you created.
Set up the environment (commands should be one line even if wrapped here).
C:>set VER=trunk
C:>set DIR=trunk
C:>set BUILD_ROOT=C:\SVN
C:>set PYTHONDIR=C:\Python27
C:>set AWKDIR=C:\SVN\Awk
C:>set ASMDIR=C:\SVN\asm
C:>set SDKINC="C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDK\include"
C:>set SDKLIB="C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDK\lib"
C:>set GETTEXTBIN=C:\SVN\gettext-0.14.1-bin\bin
C:>PATH=%PATH%;%BUILD_ROOT%\src-%DIR%\db4-win32;%ASMDIR%;
%PYTHONDIR%;%AWKDIR%;%GETTEXTBIN%
C:>set INCLUDE=%SDKINC%;%INCLUDE%
C:>set LIB=%SDKLIB%;%LIB%
OpenSSL < 1.1.0
C:>cd openssl
C:>perl Configure VC-WIN32
[*] C:>call ms\do_masm
C:>nmake -f ms\ntdll.mak
C:>cd out32dll
C:>call ..\ms\test
C:>cd ..\..
*Note: Use "call ms\do_nasm" if you have nasm instead of MASM, or
"call ms\do_ms" if you don't have an assembler.
Also if you are using OpenSSL >= 1.0.0 masm is no longer
supported. You will have to use do_nasm or do_ms in this case.
OpenSSL >= 1.1.0
C:>cd openssl
C:>perl Configure VC-WIN32
C:>nmake
C:>nmake test
C:>cd ..
Apache 2
This step is only required for building the server dso modules.
### FIXME Apache 2.2 or greater required. Old build instructions for VC6.
C:>set APACHEDIR=C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache2
C:>msdev httpd-2.0.58\apache.dsw /MAKE "BuildBin - Win32 Release"
APR
If you downloaded APR / APR-UTIL / APR_ICONV by source, you will have to
build these libraries first.
Building these libraries on Windows is straight forward and in most cases
as simple as issuing these two commands:
C:>nmake -f Makefile.win
C:>nmake -f Makefile.win install
Please refer to the build instructions provided by the library source
for actual build instructions.
ZLib
If you downloaded the zlib source, you will have to build ZLib first.
Building ZLib using Visual Studio should be quite simple. Just open the
appropriate solution and build the project zlibstat using the IDE.
Please refer to the build instructions provided by the library source
for actual build instructions.
Note that you'd make sure to define ZLIB_WINAPI in the ZLib config
header and move the lib-file into the zlib root-directory.
Please note that you MUST NOT build ZLib with the included assembler
optimized code. It is known to be buggy, see for example the discussion
https://svn.haxx.se/dev/archive-2013-10/0109.shtml.
This means that you must not define ASMV or ASMINF. Note that the VS
projects in contrib\visualstudio define these in the Debug configuration.
Apache Serf
### Section about Apache Serf might be required/useful to add.
### scons is required too and Apache Serf needs to be configured prior to
### be able to build Subversion using:
### scons APR=[PATH_TO_APR] APU=[PATH_TO_APU] OPENSSL=[PATH_TO_OPENSSL]
### ZLIB=[PATH_TO_ZLIB] PREFIX=[PATH_TO_SERF_DEST]
### scons check
### scons install
Subversion
Things to note:
* If you don't want to build mod_dav_svn, omit the --with-httpd
option. The zip file source distribution contains apr, apr-util and
apr-iconv in the default build location. If you have downloaded the
apr files yourself you will have to tell the generator where to find
the APR libraries; the options are --with-apr, --with-apr-util and
--with-apr-iconv.
* If you would like a debug build substitute Debug for Release in
the msbuild command.
* There have been rumors that Subversion on Win32 can be built
using the latest cygwin, you probably don't want the zip file source
distribution though. ymmv.
* You will also have to distribute the C runtime dll with the binaries.
Also, since Apache/APR do not provide .vcproj files, you will need to
convert the Apache/APR .dsp files to .vcproj files with Visual Studio
before building -- just open the Apache .dsw file and answer 'Yes To
All' when the conversion dialog pops up, or you can open the individual
.dsp files and convert them one at a time.
The Apache/APR projects required by Subversion are:
apr-util\libaprutil.dsp, apr\libapr.dsp,
apr-iconv\libapriconv.dsp, apr-util\xml\expat\lib\xml.dsp,
apr-iconv\ccs\libapriconv_ccs_modules.dsp, and
apr-iconv\ces\libapriconv_ces_modules.dsp.
* If the server dso modules are being built and tested Apache must not
be running or the copy of the dso modules will fail.
C:>cd src-%DIR%
If Apache 2 has been built and the server modules are required then
gen-make.py will already have been run. If the source is from the zip
file, Apache 2 has not been built so gen-make.py must be run:
C:>python gen-make.py --vsnet-version=20xx --with-berkeley-db=db4-win32
--with-openssl=..\openssl --with-zlib=..\zlib
--with-libintl=..\svn-win32-libintl
Then build subversion:
C:>msbuild subversion_vcnet.sln /t:__MORE__ /p:Configuration=Release
C:>cd ..
The binaries have now been built.
E.5 Packaging the binaries
You now need to copy the binaries ready to make the release zip
file. You also need to do this to run the tests as the new binaries
need to be in your path. You can use the build/win32/make_dist.py
script in the Subversion source directory to do that.
[TBD: Describe how to do this. Note dependencies on zip, jar, doxygen.]
E.6 Testing the Binaries
[TBD: It's been a long, long while since it was necessary to move
binaries around for testing. win-tests.py does that automagically.
Fix this section accordingly, and probably reorder, putting
the packaging at the end.]
The build process creates the binary test programs but it does not
copy the client tests into the release test area.
C:>cd src-%DIR%
C:>mkdir Release\subversion\tests\cmdline
C:>xcopy /S /Y subversion\tests\cmdline Release\subversion\tests\cmdline
If the server dso modules have been built then copy the dso files and
dlls into the Apache modules directory.
C:>copy Release\subversion\mod_dav_svn\mod_dav_svn.so "%APACHEDIR%"\modules
C:>copy Release\subversion\mod_authz_svn\mod_authz_svn.so
"%APACHEDIR%"\modules
C:>copy svn-win32-%VER%\bin\intl.dll "%APACHEDIR%\bin"
C:>copy svn-win32-%VER%\bin\iconv.dll "%APACHEDIR%\bin"
C:>copy svn-win32-%VER%\bin\libdb42.dll "%APACHEDIR%\bin"
C:>cd ..
Put the svn-win32-trunk\bin directory at the start of your path so
you run the newly built binaries and not another version you might
have installed.
Then run the client tests:
C:>PATH=%BUILD_ROOT%\svn-win32-%VER%\bin;%PATH%
C:>cd src-%DIR%
C:>python win-tests.py -c -r -v
If the server dso modules were built configure Apache to use the
mod_dav_svn and mod_authz_svn modules by making sure these lines appear
uncommented in httpd.conf:
LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so
LoadModule dav_svn_module modules/mod_dav_svn.so
LoadModule authz_svn_module modules/mod_authz_svn.so
And further down the file add location directives to point to the
test repositories. Change the paths to the SVN directory you created
(paths should be on one line even if wrapped here):
<Location /svn-test-work/repositories>
DAV svn
SVNParentPath C:/SVN/src-trunk/Release/subversion/tests/cmdline/
svn-test-work/repositories
</Location>
<Location /svn-test-work/local_tmp/repos>
DAV svn
SVNPath c:/SVN/src-trunk/Release/subversion/tests/cmdline/
svn-test-work/local_tmp/repos
</Location>
Then restart Apache and run the tests:
C:>python win-tests.py -c -r -v -u http://localhost
C:>cd ..
F. Building using CMake
--------------------
Get the sources, either a release tarball or by checking out the
official repository. The CMake build system currently only exists in
/trunk and it will be included in the 1.15 release.
The process for building on Unix and Windows is the same.
$ python gen-make.py -t cmake
$ cmake -B out [build options]
$ cmake --build out
"out" in the commands above is the build directory used by CMake.
Build options can be added, for example:
$ cmake -B out -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/subversion -DSVN_ENABLE_RA_SERF=ON
Build options can be listed using:
$ cmake -LH
Windows tricks:
- Modern versions of Microsoft Visual Studio provide support for
CMake projects out-of-box, including intellisense, integrated
options editor, test explorer, and more.
In order to use it for Subversion, open the source directory with
Visual Studio, and the configuration should start automatically.
For editing the cache (options), do right-click to the CMakeLists.txt
file and clicking `CMake Settings for Subversion` will open the
editor. After the required settings are configured, hit `F7` in
order to build. For more info, check the article bellow:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/cmake-projects-in-visual-studio
- There is a useful tool for bootstrapping the dependencies,
vcpkg. It provides ports for the most of the Subversion's
dependencies, which then could be installed via a single
command.
To start using it, download the registry from GitHub, bootstrap
vcpkg, and install the dependencies:
$ git clone https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg
$ cd vcpkg && .\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat -disableMetrics
$ .\vcpkg install apr apr-util expat zlib sqlite3 [any other dependency]
After this is done, vcpkg can be integrated into CMake by passing
the vcpkg toolchain to CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE option. In order to do
it with Visual Studio, open the CMake cache editor as explained in
the previous step, and put the following into `CMake toolchain
file` field, where VCPKG_ROOT is the path to vcpkg registry:
<VCPKG_ROOT>/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake
III. BUILDING A SUBVERSION SERVER
============================
Subversion has two servers you can choose from: svnserve and
Apache. svnserve is a small, lightweight server program that is
automatically compiled when you build Subversion's source. Apache
is a more heavyweight HTTP server, but tends to have more features.
This section primarily focuses on how to build Apache and the
accompanying mod_dav_svn server module for it. If you plan to use
svnserve instead, jump right to section E for a quick explanation.
A. Setting Up Apache Httpd
-----------------------
1. Obtaining and Installing Apache Httpd 2
Subversion tries to compile against the latest released version
of Apache httpd 2.2+. The easiest thing for you to do is download
a source tarball of the latest release and unpack that.
If you have questions about the Apache httpd 2.2 build, please consult
the httpd install documentation:
https://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.2/install.html
At the top of the httpd tree:
$ ./buildconf
$ ./configure --enable-dav --enable-so --enable-maintainer-mode
The first arg says to build mod_dav.
The second arg says to enable shared module support which is needed
for a typical compile of mod_dav_svn (see below).
The third arg says to include debugging information. If you
built Subversion with --enable-maintainer-mode, then you should
do the same for Apache; there can be problems if one was
compiled with debugging and the other without.
Note: if you have multiple db versions installed on your system,
Apache might link to a different one than Subversion, causing
failures when accessing the repository through Apache. To prevent
this from happening, you have to tell Apache which db version to
use and where to find db. Add --with-dbm=db4 and
--with-berkeley-db=/usr/local/BerkeleyDB.4.2 to the configure
line. Make sure this is the same db as the one Subversion uses.
This note assumes you have installed Berkeley DB 4.2.52
at its default locations. For more info about the db requirement,
see section I.C.9.
You may also want to include other modules in your build. Add
--enable-ssl to turn on SSL support, and --enable-deflate to turn on
compression support, for example. Consult the Apache documentation
for more details.
All instructions below assume you configured Apache to install
in its default location, /usr/local/apache2/; substitute
appropriately if you chose some other location.
Compile and install apache:
$ make && make install
B. Making and Installing the Subversion Apache Server Module
---------------------------------------------------------
Go back into your subversion working copy and run ./autogen.sh if
you need to. Then, assuming Apache httpd 2.2 is installed in the
standard location, run:
$ ./configure
Note: do *not* configure subversion with "--disable-shared"!
mod_dav_svn *must* be built as a shared library, and it will
look for other libsvn_*.so libraries on your system.
If you see a warning message that the build of mod_dav_svn is
being skipped, this may be because you have Apache httpd 2.x
installed in a non-standard location. You can use the
"--with-apxs=" option to locate the apxs script:
$ ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs
Note: it *is* possible to build mod_dav_svn as a static library
and link it directly into Apache. Possible, but painful. Stick
with the shared library for now; if you can't, then ask.
$ rm /usr/local/lib/libsvn*
If you have old subversion libraries sitting on your system,
libtool will link them instead of the `fresh' ones in your tree.
Remove them before building subversion.
$ make clean && make && make install
After the make install, the Subversion shared libraries are in
/usr/local/lib/. mod_dav_svn.so should be installed in
/usr/local/libexec/ (or elsewhere, such as /usr/local/apache2/modules/,
if you passed --with-apache-libexecdir to configure).
Section II.E explains how to build the server on Windows.
C. Configuring Apache Httpd for Subversion
---------------------------------------
The following section is an abbreviated version of the
information in the Subversion Book
(https://svnbook.red-bean.com). Please read chapter 6 for more
details.
The following assumes you have already created a repository.
For documentation on how to do that, see README.
The following also assumes that you have modified
/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf to reflect your setup.
At a minimum you should look at the User, Group and ServerName
directives. Full details on setting up apache can be found at:
https://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.2/
First, your httpd.conf needs to load the mod_dav_svn module.
If you pass --enable-mod-activation to Subversion's configure,
'make install' target should automatically add this line for you.
In any case, if Apache HTTPD gives you an error like "Unknown
DAV provider: svn", then you may want to verify that this line
exists in your httpd.conf:
LoadModule dav_svn_module modules/mod_dav_svn.so
NOTE: if you built mod_dav as a dynamic module as well, make sure
the above line appears after the one that loads mod_dav.so.
Next, add this to the *bottom* of your httpd.conf:
<Location /svn/repos>
DAV svn
SVNPath /absolute/path/to/repository
</Location>
This will give anyone unrestricted access to the repository. If
you want limited access, read or write, you add these lines to
the Location block:
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Subversion repository"
AuthUserFile /my/svn/user/passwd/file
And:
a) For a read/write restricted repository:
Require valid-user
b) For a write restricted repository:
<LimitExcept GET PROPFIND OPTIONS REPORT>
Require valid-user
</LimitExcept>
c) For separate restricted read and write access:
AuthGroupFile /my/svn/group/file
<LimitExcept GET PROPFIND OPTIONS REPORT>
Require group svn_committers
</LimitExcept>
<Limit GET PROPFIND OPTIONS REPORT>
Require group svn_committers
Require group svn_readers
</Limit>
### FIXME Tutorials section refers to old 2.0 docs
These are only a few simple examples. For a complete tutorial
on Apache access control, please consider taking a look at the
tutorials found under "Security" on the following page:
https://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/misc/tutorials.html
In order for 'svn cp' to work (which is actually implemented as a
DAV COPY command), mod_dav needs to be able to determine the
hostname of the server. A standard way of doing this is to use
Apache's ServerName directive to set the server's hostname. Edit
your /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf to include:
ServerName svn.myserver.org
If you are using virtual hosting through Apache's NameVirtualHost
directive, you may need to use the ServerAlias directive to specify
additional names that your server is known by.
If you have configured mod_deflate to be in the server, you can enable
compression support for your repository by adding the following line
to your Location block:
SetOutputFilter DEFLATE
NOTE: If you are unfamiliar with an Apache directive, or not exactly
sure about what it does, don't hesitate to look it up in the
documentation: https://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.2/mod/directives.html.
NOTE: Make sure that the user 'nobody' (or whatever UID the
httpd process runs as) has permission to read and write the
Berkeley DB files! This is a very common problem.
D. Running and Testing
-------------------
Fire up apache 2:
$ /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl stop
$ /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
Check /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log to make sure it started
up okay.
Try doing a network checkout from the repository:
$ svn co http://localhost/svn/repos wc
The most common reason this might fail is permission problems
reading the repository db files. If the checkout fails, make
sure that the httpd process has permission to read and write to
the repository. You can see all of mod_dav_svn's complaints in
the Apache error logfile, /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log.
To run the regression test suite for networked Subversion, see
the instructions in subversion/tests/cmdline/README.
For advice about tracing problems, see "Debugging the server" in
https://subversion.apache.org/docs/community-guide/.
E. Alternative: 'svnserve' and ra_svn
-----------------------------------
An alternative network layer is libsvn_ra_svn (on the client
side) and the 'svnserve' process on the server. This is a
simple network layer that speaks a custom protocol over plain
TCP (documented in libsvn_ra_svn/protocol):
$ svnserve -d # becomes a background daemon
$ svn checkout svn://localhost/usr/local/svn/repository
You can use the "-r" option to svnserve to set a logical root
for repositories, and the "-R" option to restrict connections to
read-only access. ("Read-only" is a logical term here; svnserve
still needs write access to the database in this mode, but will
not allow commits or revprop changes.)
'svnserve' has built-in CRAM-MD5 authentication (so you can use
non-system accounts), and can also be tunneled over SSH (so you
can use existing system accounts). It's also capable of using
Cyrus SASL if libsasl2 is detected at ./configure time. Please
read chapter 6 in the Subversion Book
(https://svnbook.red-bean.com) for details on these features.
IV. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE BINDINGS (PYTHON, PERL, RUBY, JAVA)
========================================================
For Python, Perl and Ruby bindings, see the file
./subversion/bindings/swig/INSTALL
For Java bindings, see the file
./subversion/bindings/javahl/README
本文档介绍了Subversion（SVN）的基本概念及如何在SourceForge.net上使用它进行软件版本控制。内容涵盖SVN连接配置、术语解释、数据导入流程、环境设置等关键信息。
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