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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_72721534/article/details/139900697

1.实验拓扑：

2.实验要求（问题）：
1.ISP路由器仅配置IP地址；
2.内网基于192.168.1.0/24网段进行IP划分；
3.R1/R2之间使用OSPF做到内网全通，单区域；
4.PC1-PC4使用DHCP服务获取地址；
5.PC2-PC4可以访问PC5，PC1不行；
6.R2出口只拥有一个公网IP;
7.test-1设备可以登陆内网telent服务器，但test-2不可。

3.附件资料：

4.结合附件对拓扑进行标注：

5.实验要求（分析）：
1、ISP路由器仅配置IP地址；
2、test-1和test-2仅作为代替终端设备进行测试使用，路由采用静态路由；
3、R1/R2之间使用OSPF做到内网全通，单区域，OSPF使用一条命令进行宣告(直接宣告192.168.1.0网段)；router-ID分别为1.1.1.1和2.2.2.2；OSPF进程为1；
4、PC1-PC4使用DHCP获取地址，地址池名称使用1，2；
5、PC1不能访问PC5，ac1编号为3000；
6、R2出口只拥有一个公网IP；
7、test-1设备可以登录内网telnet服务器，test-2不行；ac1编号为3000；
8、telnet服务器的账号密码为huawei/123456；
9、内网用户可以正常访问ISP(边界做默认路由)；
10、公网设备的路中表不能有私网的路中，使用nat(arl编号为2000)；
11、内网设备的路由表不能有公网的路由，边界下发默认路由；
12、VLAN及IP规划查看附件材料(所有trunk链路按照最少VLAN透传原则放通)。

6.实验思路：
首先我将对应上面的要求一条一条阐述实现原理：
1、ISP路由器仅配置IP地址；
这里我们主要配置IP，然后让ISP与R2之间用缺省路由指向ISP便好。
2、test-1和test-2仅作为代替终端设备进行测试使用，路由采用静态路由；
3、R1/R2之间使用OSPF做到内网全通，单区域，OSPF使用一条命令进行宣告(直接宣告192.168.1.0网段)；router-ID分别为1.1.1.1和2.2.2.2；OSPF进程为1；
4、PC1-PC4使用DHCP获取地址，地址池名称使用1，2；
5、PC1不能访问PC5，ac1编号为3000；
6、R2出口只拥有一个公网IP；
这里表示之后的nat配置使用easy nat以及端口映射。
7、test-1设备可以登录内网telnet服务器，test-2不行；ac1编号为3000；
8、telnet服务器的账号密码为huawei/123456；
9、内网用户可以正常访问ISP(边界做默认路由)；
10、公网设备的路中表不能有私网的路中，使用nat(arl编号为2000)；
11、内网设备的路由表不能有公网的路由，边界下发默认路由；
12、VLAN及IP规划查看附件材料(所有trunk链路按照最少VLAN透传原则放通)。

7.实验步骤：
（1）给两个交换机分别配置VLAN并配置永不超时
RW1：
The device is running!

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys RW1
[RW1]user-interface console 0
[RW1-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[RW1-ui-console0]quit
[RW1]vlan batch 2 3 4
[RW1]int g0/0/2
[RW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[RW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 2
[RW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/3
[RW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[RW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 3
[RW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int g0/0/4
[RW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port link-type access
[RW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port default vlan 4
[RW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]int g0/0/1
[RW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk
[RW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3 4
[RW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

RW2：
The device is running!
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys RW2
[RW2]user-interface console 0
[RW2-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[RW2-ui-console0]quit
[RW2]vlan batch 20 30
[RW2]int g0/0/2
[RW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[RW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 20
[RW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/3
[RW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[RW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 3
[RW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int g0/0/1
[RW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk
[RW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan
[RW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 20 30
[RW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

查看VLAN：
[RW1]display vlan
The total number of vlans is : 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping; ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VID Type Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 common UT:GE0/0/1(U) GE0/0/5(D) GE0/0/6(D) GE0/0/7(D)
GE0/0/8(D) GE0/0/9(D) GE0/0/10(D) GE0/0/11(D)
GE0/0/12(D) GE0/0/13(D) GE0/0/14(D) GE0/0/15(D)
GE0/0/16(D) GE0/0/17(D) GE0/0/18(D) GE0/0/19(D)
GE0/0/20(D) GE0/0/21(D) GE0/0/22(D) GE0/0/23(D)
GE0/0/24(D)

2 common UT:GE0/0/2(U)

TG:GE0/0/1(U)

3 common UT:GE0/0/3(U)

TG:GE0/0/1(U)

4 common UT:GE0/0/4(U)

TG:GE0/0/1(U)

VID Status Property MAC-LRN Statistics Description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 enable default enable disable VLAN 0001
2 enable default enable disable VLAN 0002
3 enable default enable disable VLAN 0003
4 enable default enable disable VLAN 0004
[RW1]

[RW2]display vlan
The total number of vlans is : 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping; ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VID Type Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 common UT:GE0/0/1(U) GE0/0/4(D) GE0/0/5(D) GE0/0/6(D)
GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/8(D) GE0/0/9(D) GE0/0/10(D)
GE0/0/11(D) GE0/0/12(D) GE0/0/13(D) GE0/0/14(D)
GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/16(D) GE0/0/17(D) GE0/0/18(D)
GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/20(D) GE0/0/21(D) GE0/0/22(D)
GE0/0/23(D) GE0/0/24(D)

20 common UT:GE0/0/2(U)
TG:GE0/0/1(U)

30 common UT:GE0/0/3(U)

TG:GE0/0/1(U)

VID Status Property MAC-LRN Statistics Description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 enable default enable disable VLAN 0001
20 enable default enable disable VLAN 0020
30 enable default enable disable VLAN 0030
[RW2]

(2)进行虚拟子接口封装下放网关及进行DHCP服务
R1路由器：
The device is running!

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname r1
[r1]user-interface console 0
[r1-ui-console0]i
[r1-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[r1-ui-console0]int g0/0/0.1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]dot1q termination vid 2
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]ip address 192.168.1.30 27
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]int g0/0/0.2
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]dot1q termination vid 3
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]ip address 192.168.1.62 27
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]int g0/0/0.3
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.3]dot1q termination vid 4
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.3]ip address 192.168.1.158 27
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.3]quit
[r1]dhcp enable
[r1]ip pool 1
[r1-ip-pool-1]network 192.168.1.0 mask 27
[r1-ip-pool-1]gateway-list 192.168.1.30
[r1-ip-pool-1]dns-list 8.8.8.8
[r1-ip-pool-1]quit
[r1]ip pool 2
[r1-ip-pool-2]network 192.168.1.32 mask 27
[r1-ip-pool-2]gateway-list 192.168.1.62
[r1-ip-pool-2]dns-list 8.8.8.8
[r1-ip-pool-2]quit
[r1]int g0/0/0.1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]dhcp select global
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]arp broadcast enable
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]int g0/0/0.2
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]dhcp select global
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]arp broadcast enable
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]int g0/0/0.3
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.3]dhcp select global
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.3]arp broadcast enable
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.3]quit
[r1]

R2路由器：
The device is running!
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R2
[R2]user-interface console 0
[R2-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[R2-ui-console0]int g0/0/0.1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]dot1q termination vid 20
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]ip address 192.168.1.94 27
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]int g0/0/0.2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]dot1q termination vid 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]ip address 192.168.1.126 27
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]quit
[R2]dhcp enable
[R2]ip pool 1
[R2-ip-pool-1]network 192.168.1.64 mask 27
[R2-ip-pool-1]gateway-list 192.168.1.94
[R2-ip-pool-1]dns-list 8.8.8.8
[R2-ip-pool-1]quit
[R2]ip pool 2
[R2-ip-pool-2]network 192.168.1.96 mask 27
[R2-ip-pool-2]gateway-list 192.168.1.126
[R2-ip-pool-2]dns-list 8.8.8.8
[R2-ip-pool-2]quit
[R2]int g0/0/0.1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]dhcp select global
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]arp broadcast enable
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]int g0/0/0.2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]dhcp select global
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]arp broadcast enable
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]quit
[R2]

（3）配置路由器的接口IP地址以及剩下几个路由器的命名，接口配置
R1实现代码：
[r1]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.161 30
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[r1]
R2实验代码：
[R2]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.162 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 202.1.1.1 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[R2]
test-1实现代码：
The device is running!

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys test-1
[test-1]user-interface console 0
[test-1-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[test-1-ui-console0]quit
[test-1]int g0/0/0
[test-1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 203.1.1.1 24
[test-1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[test-1]
test-2实现代码：
The device is running!

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname test-2
[test-2]user-interface console 0
[test-2-ui-console0]i
[test-2-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[test-2-ui-console0]quit
[test-2]int g0/0/0
[test-2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 203.1.1.2 24
[test-2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[test-2]
Telent-Server实现代码：
The device is running!

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys Telnet Server
[Telnet Server]user-interface console 0
[Telnet Server-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[Telnet Server-ui-console0]quit
[Telnet Server]int g0/0/0
[Telnet Server-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.129 27
[Telnet Server-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[Telnet Server]
ISP（R3）实现代码：
The device is running!

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys ISP
[ISP]user-interface console 0
[ISP-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[ISP-ui-console0]quit
[ISP]int g0/0/0
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 202.1.1.2 30
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 203.1.1.254 24
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[ISP]
（4）配置ospf实现R1与R2之间的通信
R1配置代码：
[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]area 0
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[r1-ospf-1]quit
[r1]
R2配置代码：
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[R2-ospf-1]quit
[R2]
（5）在Telnet服务器上配置缺省路由实现通信：
Telent-Sever实现代码：
[Telnet Server]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.158
[Telnet Server]
（6）PC端获取IP，并对PC5手动配置IP

（7）测试内网连通性
Telent-Server实现代码：
[Telnet Server]ping 192.168.1.158
PING 192.168.1.158: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 192.168.1.158: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=120 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.158: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=40 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.158: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=40 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.158: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=50 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.158: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=40 ms

--- 192.168.1.158 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 40/58/120 ms

[Telnet Server]ping 192.168.1.125
PING 192.168.1.125: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Request time out
Reply from 192.168.1.125: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=126 time=70 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.125: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=126 time=80 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.125: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=126 time=70 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.125: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=126 time=100 ms

--- 192.168.1.125 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
4 packet(s) received
20.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 70/80/100 ms

[Telnet Server]ping 192.168.1.29
PING 192.168.1.29: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Request time out
Reply from 192.168.1.29: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=127 time=90 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.29: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=127 time=80 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.29: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=127 time=90 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.29: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=127 time=70 ms

--- 192.168.1.29 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
4 packet(s) received
20.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 70/82/90 ms

[Telnet Server]

（8）给R2配置缺省指向外网，并进行OSPF，配置NAT技术
这里配置acl抓取感兴趣流量，这里要求最简化（我没有划分到最简），也是建议，同时为了便于管理，在以后的网络项目经验中，也应该进行考虑网络的全面性以及可管理性

R2配置代码：
[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 202.1.1.2
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]default-route-advertise
[R2-ospf-1]quit
[R2]acl 2000
[R2-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-acl-basic-2000]quit
[R2]int g0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]nat outbound 2000
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[R2]
（9）测试内网内与外网PC5连通性
展示如下：

（10）test-1和test-2配置静态路由
test-1：
[test-1]ip route-static 202.1.1.0 30 203.1.1.254
[test-1]
test-2：
[test-2]ip route-static 202.1.1.0 30 203.1.1.254
[test-2]
（11）查看ISP的路由表
ISP（R3）实现代码：

[ISP]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 10 Routes : 10

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
202.1.1.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 202.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
202.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
202.1.1.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
203.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 203.1.1.254 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
203.1.1.254/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
203.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

[ISP]

（12）配置acl来不能让PC1访问PC5
R1的实现代码：
[r1]acl 3000
[r1-acl-adv-3000]rule deny icmp source 192.168.1.29 0 destination 203.1.1.100 0
[r1-acl-adv-3000]quit
[r1]int g0/0/0.1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]traffic-filter inbound acl 3000
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]quit
[r1]
再次测试用PC1pingPC5以及PC2pingPC5：

（13）在telnet server路由器进行配置telnet
Telent-Server实现代码：
[Telnet Server]aaa
[Telnet Server-aaa]local-user huawei password cipher 123456 privilege level 15
[Telnet Server-aaa]local-user huawei service-type telnet
[Telnet Server-aaa]quit
[Telnet Server]user-interface vty 0 4
[Telnet Server-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa
[Telnet Server-ui-vty0-4]quit
[Telnet Server]
（14）配置端口映射
R2的配置代码：
[R2]int g0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface 23 ins
ide 192.168.1.129 23
Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]:y
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[R2]
测试在test-1上进行远程登陆：
<test-1>telnet 202.1.1.1
Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode
Trying 202.1.1.1 ...
Connected to 202.1.1.1 ...

Login authentication

Username:huawei
Password:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

User last login information:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Access Type: Telnet
IP-Address : 192.168.1.162
Time : 2023-05-10 22:26:04-08:00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<Telnet Server>quit

Configuration console exit, please retry to log on

The connection was closed by the remote host
<test-1>

（15）配置ACL拒绝test-2的包
ISP（R3）配置代码：
[ISP]acl 3000
[ISP-acl-adv-3000]
[ISP-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp source 203.1.1.2 0 destination 202.1.1.1 0 desti
nation-port eq 23
[ISP-acl-adv-3000]quit
[ISP]int g0/0/1
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]traffic-filter inbound acl 3000
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[ISP]
这里acl我在ISP调用了，为了考虑网路的全面性，建议在G2的0/0/2接口进行配置，而不是在运营商设配配置最优的接口

test-2测试：
<test-2>telnet 202.1.1.1
Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode
Trying 202.1.1.1 ...
Error: Can't connect to the remote host
<test-2>

8.本实验所有要求完成