Selenium + pytest 实现 自动化web测试

        取之于论坛，用之于论坛，这些方法的实现大部分是我依赖论坛上的资源进行的整合，如有侵权，告知我，我删贴。

        我做的这个共功能是公司框架的一部分，我主要做了一件事，就是对selenium 的webdriver API 进行二次封装，需要达到的要求有两个：1.化繁为简，简化定位元素->对元素进行操作的流程，从而方便使用框架的人员，更加方便的编写脚本。2.定位元素的方法传参越简单越好，最好让人一眼就看明白，不需要了解背后的原理（HTML语言，八大元素定位等）。基于此，代码如下：

from time import sleep
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ec
from selenium import webdriver
from Library.Doc.page_elements import *


class Browser:

    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.browser = self.__choose_browser(driver)

    def element(self, locator):
        locate_way, web_element = self._find_locator(locator)
        for locate_key, locate_value in locate_way_index.items():
            if locate_key == locate_way:
                return self.browser.find_element(locate_value, web_element)

    def elements(self, locator):
        locate_way, web_element = self._find_locator(locator)
        for locate_key, locate_value in locate_way_index.items():
            if locate_key == locate_way:
                return self.browser.find_elements(locate_value, web_element)

    def element_wait(self, locator, wait_time=20):  # 显式等待
        locate_way, web_element = self._find_locator(locator)
        for locate_key, locate_value in locate_way_index.items():
            if locate_key == locate_way:
                WebDriverWait(self.browser, wait_time, 1).until(
                    ec.presence_of_element_located((locate_value, web_element)))
                break

    # wait event
    def _implicitly_wait(self, wait_time):
        self.browser.implicitly_wait(wait_time)

    def sleep(self, sleep_time):
        sleep(sleep_time)

    # mouse event
    def click(self, locator):
        self.element_wait(locator)
        ele = self.element(locator)
        ele.click()

    def click_and_hold(self, locator):
        self.element_wait(locator)
        ele = self.element(locator)
        ActionChains(self.browser).click_and_hold(ele).perform()

    def right_click(self, locator):
        self.element_wait(locator)
        ele = self.element(locator)
        ActionChains(self.browser).context_click(ele).perform()

    def double_click(self, locator):
        self.element_wait(locator)
        ele = self.element(locator)
        ActionChains(self.browser).double_click(ele).perform()
...
...
...
# 不赘叙那些重复性的封装方法了

    # keyboard event
    def send_keys_to_element(self, locator, *text):
        self.element_wait(locator)
        ele = self.element(locator)
        ele.send_keys(*text)

...
...
...

    def quit(self):
        self.browser.quit()

    def close(self):
        self.browser.close()

...
...
    @staticmethod
    def __choose_browser(browser: str):
        if browser.lower() == 'chrome':
            return webdriver.Chrome()
        elif browser == 'firefox':
            return webdriver.Firefox()
        elif browser == 'edge':
            return webdriver.Edge()
        elif browser == 'ie':
            return webdriver.Ie()
        else:
            raise NameError("只支持firefox/chrome/edge/ie.")
    
    # 对字典中指定的键对应的值拆分成定位方式，对应的定位方式的页面参数值
    def _split_the_value(self, value: str):
        return value.split('->>')
    
    # 在定位器字典中，根据键，查找对应的值，并利用拆分函数对其进行拆分
    def _find_locator(self, locator: str):
        for locator_way, locator_value in locators_dic.items():
            if locator_way == locator:
                return self._split_the_value(locators_dic[locator_way])

        以百度为例，简单测试了一下，在page_elements.py模块建一个页面元素字典：

page_elements = {'search': 'id->>kw',
                 'search_button': 'id->>su'
                 }

新建一个测试用例,简单测试一下，是可以跑通的，今天有点晚了，不想弄了，明天再好好调一调。（选择浏览器的操作，以及获取页面地址和前后夹具都写到conftest.py配置文件里了）

import pytest


@pytest.mark.demo
def test_locate_function(driver):
    driver.send_keys_to_element('search', 'selenium')
    driver.click('search_button')

附：conftest.py代码段：

@pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)    # conftest 中的夹具可以在测试用例中作为参数调用
def driver():
    global _driver
    _driver = Browser('chrome')
    return _driver


@pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)
def open_url_fixture():   # 利用此方式实现统一的前后置，conftest 在package内，只允许包内调用，相当于局部变量，在根目录下可以全局调用。
    # desired_capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.CHROME
    # desired_capabilities['pageLoadStrategy'] = 'none'
    _driver.open('http://www.baidu.com')
    yield
    _driver.sleep(5)
    _driver.quit()