STM32HAL库-串口USART

USART

\r\n：
\r 表示 回车符（Carriage Return, CR），通常用于将光标移到行首。
\n 表示 换行符（Line Feed, LF），通常用于换到下一行。
在串口通信中，\r\n 是一种常见的换行表示方式（例如，用于终端或者与计算机通讯时），这两者一起表示“新的一行”

USART的相关函数

HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_Init(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)

HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_Receive_IT(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart, uint8_t *pData, uint16_t Size)

HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_Transmit(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart, const uint8_t *pData, uint16_t Size, uint32_t Timeout)
//以阻塞式方式发送指定字节数据，参数2：发送数据的地址，3：数据大小，以字节为单位，4：超时时间，单位ms

typedef struct __UART_HandleTypeDef
{
  USART_TypeDef                 *Instance;        /*!< UART registers base address ,       */

  UART_InitTypeDef              Init;             /*!< UART communication parameters      */

  const uint8_t                 *pTxBuffPtr;      /*!< Pointer to UART Tx transfer Buffer */

  uint16_t                      TxXferSize;       /*!< UART Tx Transfer size              */
  
   /*
   ~~~后面还有参数定义，但不常用
   */
} UART_HandleTypeDef;
 //USART_TypeDef 结构体定义了USART的相关寄存器
 // UART_InitTypeDef 结构体定义了USART初始化参数


typedef struct
{
  uint32_t BaudRate;                  /*!< This member configures the UART communication baud rate.
                                           The baud rate is computed using the following formula:
                                           - IntegerDivider = ((PCLKx) / (16 * (huart->Init.BaudRate)))
                                           - FractionalDivider = ((IntegerDivider - ((uint32_t) IntegerDivider)) * 16) + 0.5 */

  uint32_t WordLength;                /*!< Specifies the number of data bits transmitted or received in a frame.
                                           This parameter can be a value of @ref UART_Word_Length */

  uint32_t StopBits;                  /*!< Specifies the number of stop bits transmitted.
                                           This parameter can be a value of @ref UART_Stop_Bits */

  uint32_t Parity;                    /*!< Specifies the parity mode.
                                           This parameter can be a value of @ref UART_Parity
                                           @note When parity is enabled, the computed parity is inserted
                                                 at the MSB position of the transmitted data (9th bit when
                                                 the word length is set to 9 data bits; 8th bit when the
                                                 word length is set to 8 data bits). */

  uint32_t Mode;                      /*!< Specifies whether the Receive or Transmit mode is enabled or disabled.
                                           This parameter can be a value of @ref UART_Mode */

  uint32_t HwFlowCtl;                 /*!< Specifies whether the hardware flow control mode is enabled or disabled.
                                           This parameter can be a value of @ref UART_Hardware_Flow_Control */

  uint32_t OverSampling;              /*!< Specifies whether the Over sampling 8 is enabled or disabled, to achieve higher speed (up to fPCLK/8).
                                           This parameter can be a value of @ref UART_Over_Sampling. This feature is only available
                                           on STM32F100xx family, so OverSampling parameter should always be set to 16. */
} UART_InitTypeDef;

USART代码

USART.c

UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;
uint8_t RxData[10];  // 用于接收数据
uint8_t TxData[] = "Hello STM32!\r\n";  // 发送数据

void USART1_UART_Init(void)
{
  huart1.Instance = USART1;
  huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
  huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}


void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
  if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1)
  {
    __HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
    /**USART1 GPIO Configuration
    PA9     ------> USART1_TX
    PA10     ------> USART1_RX
    */
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_10;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
  }
}


void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
    HAL_UART_IRQHandler(&huart1);
}

void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
    if (huart->Instance == USART1)
    {
        // 接收到数据后的处理（此例将接收到的数据发送回去）
        HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, RxData, sizeof(RxData), 1000);

        // 继续启动接收中断（接收下一个数据）
        HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, RxData, sizeof(RxData));
    }
}


// 串口发送完成回调函数
void HAL_UART_TxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
    if (huart->Instance == USART1)
    {
        // 可以在这里添加发送完成后的处理
    }
}


void HAL_UART_ErrorCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
    if (huart->Instance == USART1)
    {
        // 错误处理代码（如清除错误状态、重新初始化等）
    }
	
}

void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
    HAL_UART_IRQHandler(&huart1);
}

void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
    if (huart->Instance == USART1)
    {
        // 接收到数据后的处理（此例将接收到的数据发送回去）
        HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, RxData, sizeof(RxData), 1000);

        // 继续启动接收中断（接收下一个数据）
        HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, RxData, sizeof(RxData));
    }
}


// 串口发送完成回调函数
void HAL_UART_TxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
    if (huart->Instance == USART1)
    {
        // 可以在这里添加发送完成后的处理
    }
}


void HAL_UART_ErrorCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
    if (huart->Instance == USART1)
    {
        // 错误处理代码（如清除错误状态、重新初始化等）
    }
	
}


void HAL_UART_MspDeInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{

  if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1)
  {
    /* Peripheral clock disable */
    __HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_DISABLE();
    
    /**USART1 GPIO Configuration
    PA9     ------> USART1_TX
    PA10     ------> USART1_RX
    */
    HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10);
    
  }
}