Linux-存储与磁盘管理_sici存储-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_57370131/article/details/141289191

文章目录

16. linux存储与磁盘管理

16. linux存储与磁盘管理

16.1 存储与磁盘管理概述

DAS:
ATA(IDE) / SATA
SCSI / SAS

新创建(购买/获取)500G/ 插入到了主机主板存储接口-SICI / 最终目的使用磁盘

500G - 主机识别出来 (文件存储？ 块存储)  - 块存储

回顾:
1. 系统识别到该块设备 - 存储控制器 / 磁盘驱动器 - 驱动起来
2. 建立分区
3. 格式化 - 建立文件系统(Windows - NTFS)
4. 分配盘符 D:/ - 挂载路径 

# 分区表 MBR / GPT
	MBR - 单个分区最多2T
	GPT - 超过2T

# windows cli磁盘管理工具	diskpart 主要对硬盘分区管理
C:\Users\Administrator>diskpart

Microsoft DiskPart 版本 6.1.7601
Copyright (C) 1999-2008 Microsoft Corporation.
在计算机上: ZY-PC

DISKPART> list disk

  磁盘 ###  状态           大小     可用     Dyn  Gp
  --------  -------------  -------  -------  ---  --
  磁盘 0    联机               60 GB      0 B
  磁盘 1    联机               10 GB  1024 KB

DISKPART> select disk 1   # 选定磁盘1

磁盘 1 现在是所选磁盘。

DISKPART> list disk

  磁盘 ###  状态           大小     可用     Dyn  Gp
  --------  -------------  -------  -------  ---  --
  磁盘 0    联机               60 GB      0 B
* 磁盘 1    联机               10 GB  1024 KB

DISKPART> clean   # 清除分区表

DiskPart 成功地清除了磁盘。

DISKPART>

16.2 磁盘分区管理 - MBR

$# 
MBR: Master Boot Record - 主引导记录
	位于磁盘中的一个分区中第一个扇区(0)
	在MBR中包含分区表，在分区表中可以确定 (1. 分区扇区开始-扇区结束) (2. 是否是激活分区-系统分区)
？sector 扇区开始 - sector 扇区结束 - 分区1
？sector 扇区开始 - sector 扇区结束 - 分区2

从哪个分区读取操作系统？

# MBR中记录的内容

一个扇区=512Byte字节

446字节 - 主机引导记录程序
64字节 - 分区表 DPT.Disk Partino Table
		1. 4个分区记录，每个分区记录16字节
		2. 每个分区记录 - 第一个字节  启动签名 (启动分区/系统分区 0x80 | 普通分区/非系统分区0x00)
		四个分区记录里面只能有一个启动签名激活的。
		3. 最后4个字节为当前分区的总扇区数: 2^32 
2字节 - 主引导记录签名 - 0x55AA (已经在本扇区中写入了MBR记录)


# MBR分区设计
主分区 - 无法进行扩展
扩展分区 - 可以进行扩展逻辑分区

建立主分区
建立扩展分区
建立主分区 + 扩展分区 (不能超过4个)
如果需要4个以上分区，必须引入扩展分区 + 逻辑分区

16.3 linux 磁盘状态查看

$# 1. 磁盘命名
IDE(ATA) / SATA / SCSI / SAS
IDE(ATA)  - hdx
SATA / SCSI / SAS - sdx     sda  sdb

	x: 表示块设备号码
		a b c ······ p
		sday
		y: 分区号码
			1 2 3 4 5 ···
			sda1 / sda2

sd[xy]
	sdb3 = 第2块设备的第三个分区
	
光盘 sr0/sr1
		


$# 2. lsblk
# 在linux中，硬盘如果需要使用，需要进行分区-格式化-挂载(挂载点)
在linux 磁盘 / 分区 都会以设备文件方式呈现
[root@huawei ~]# ls /dev/ | grep -i "sd"
sda
sda1
sda2
sda3
sdb
[root@huawei ~]# 

[root@huawei ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   50G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3   8:3    0   46G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   0  500G  0 disk 
sr0     11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
[root@huawei ~]# 
[root@huawei ~]# lsblk -f    # 如果有格式化的话，会有文件系统
NAME   FSTYPE LABEL UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                      
├─sda1 xfs          a330fe19-0320-40ef-8e8b-532ab268d236 /boot
├─sda2 swap         bfaa2995-03cd-43b1-88c1-8a996327fbe6 [SWAP]
└─sda3 xfs          720cd9ac-dcfc-45f1-9a42-d2b0c918fdcc /
sdb                                                      
sr0                                                      
[root@huawei ~]# 

# df
[root@huawei ~]# df
Filesystem     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3       48210944 3581824  44629120   8% /
devtmpfs          918828       0    918828   0% /dev
tmpfs             933524       0    933524   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs             933524    9212    924312   1% /run
tmpfs             933524       0    933524   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1        1038336  179044    859292  18% /boot
tmpfs             186708      12    186696   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs             186708       0    186708   0% /run/user/0
[root@huawei ~]# 

[root@huawei ~]# df -T
Filesystem     Type     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3      xfs       48210944 3581900  44629044   8% /
devtmpfs       devtmpfs    918828       0    918828   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs       933524       0    933524   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs       933524    9212    924312   1% /run
tmpfs          tmpfs       933524       0    933524   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1      xfs        1038336  179044    859292  18% /boot
tmpfs          tmpfs       186708      12    186696   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs          tmpfs       186708       0    186708   0% /run/user/0
[root@huawei ~]# 

[root@huawei ~]# df -Tm
Filesystem     Type     1M-blocks  Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3      xfs          47081  3498     43584   8% /
devtmpfs       devtmpfs       898     0       898   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs          912     0       912   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs          912     9       903   1% /run
tmpfs          tmpfs          912     0       912   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1      xfs           1014   175       840  18% /boot
tmpfs          tmpfs          183     1       183   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs          tmpfs          183     0       183   0% /run/user/0
[root@huawei ~]# 

[root@huawei ~]# df -Th
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3      xfs        46G  3.5G   43G   8% /
devtmpfs       devtmpfs  898M     0  898M   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     912M     0  912M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     912M  9.0M  903M   1% /run
tmpfs          tmpfs     912M     0  912M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1      xfs      1014M  175M  840M  18% /boot
tmpfs          tmpfs     183M   12K  183M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs          tmpfs     183M     0  183M   0% /run/user/0
[root@huawei ~]# 
[root@huawei ~]# df -Th # 人性化方式输出
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3      xfs        46G  3.5G   43G   8% /
devtmpfs       devtmpfs  898M     0  898M   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     912M     0  912M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     912M  9.0M  903M   1% /run
tmpfs          tmpfs     912M     0  912M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1      xfs      1014M  175M  840M  18% /boot
tmpfs          tmpfs     183M   12K  183M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs          tmpfs     183M     0  183M   0% /run/user/0
[root@huawei ~]# 

[root@huawei ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0009758f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200     6293503     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3         6293504   102762495    48234496   83  Linux
[root@huawei ~]# 



Filesystem  = 文件系统类型
Type  = 文件系统类型
1K-blocks/ Size   = 块大小
Used = 已经使用的空间
Avail = 可以用的空间
Use% = 使用率
Mounted on = 挂载点

[root@huawei ~]# 
[root@huawei ~]# dd if=/dev/sda of=mbr_info.bin bs=1 count=512
512+0 records in
512+0 records out
512 bytes (512 B) copied, 0.000490219 s, 1.0 MB/s
[root@huawei ~]#
[root@huawei ~]# hexdump -C mbr_info.bin 
00000000  eb 63 90 10 8e d0 bc 00  b0 b8 00 00 8e d8 8e c0  |.c..............|
00000010  fb be 00 7c bf 00 06 b9  00 02 f3 a4 ea 21 06 00  |...|.........!..|
00000020  00 be be 07 38 04 75 0b  83 c6 10 81 fe fe 07 75  |....8.u........u|
00000030  f3 eb 16 b4 02 b0 01 bb  00 7c b2 80 8a 74 01 8b  |.........|...t..|
00000040  4c 02 cd 13 ea 00 7c 00  00 eb fe 00 00 00 00 00  |L.....|.........|
00000050  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 80 01 00 00 00  |................|
00000060  00 00 00 00 ff fa 90 90  f6 c2 80 74 05 f6 c2 70  |...........t...p|
00000070  74 02 b2 80 ea 79 7c 00  00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc  |t....y|..1......|
00000080  00 20 fb a0 64 7c 3c ff  74 02 88 c2 52 be 05 7c  |. ..d|<.t...R..||
00000090  b4 41 bb aa 55 cd 13 5a  52 72 3d 81 fb 55 aa 75  |.A..U..ZRr=..U.u|
000000a0  37 83 e1 01 74 32 31 c0  89 44 04 40 88 44 ff 89  |7...t21..D.@.D..|
000000b0  44 02 c7 04 10 00 66 8b  1e 5c 7c 66 89 5c 08 66  |D.....f..\|f.\.f|
000000c0  8b 1e 60 7c 66 89 5c 0c  c7 44 06 00 70 b4 42 cd  |..`|f.\..D..p.B.|
000000d0  13 72 05 bb 00 70 eb 76  b4 08 cd 13 73 0d 5a 84  |.r...p.v....s.Z.|
000000e0  d2 0f 83 de 00 be 85 7d  e9 82 00 66 0f b6 c6 88  |.......}...f....|
000000f0  64 ff 40 66 89 44 04 0f  b6 d1 c1 e2 02 88 e8 88  |d.@f.D..........|
00000100  f4 40 89 44 08 0f b6 c2  c0 e8 02 66 89 04 66 a1  |.@.D.......f..f.|
00000110  60 7c 66 09 c0 75 4e 66  a1 5c 7c 66 31 d2 66 f7  |`|f..uNf.\|f1.f.|
00000120  34 88 d1 31 d2 66 f7 74  04 3b 44 08 7d 37 fe c1  |4..1.f.t.;D.}7..|
00000130  88 c5 30 c0 c1 e8 02 08  c1 88 d0 5a 88 c6 bb 00  |..0........Z....|
00000140  70 8e c3 31 db b8 01 02  cd 13 72 1e 8c c3 60 1e  |p..1......r...`.|
00000150  b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6 bf  00 80 8e c6 fc f3 a5 1f  |.....1..........|
00000160  61 ff 26 5a 7c be 80 7d  eb 03 be 8f 7d e8 34 00  |a.&Z|..}....}.4.|
00000170  be 94 7d e8 2e 00 cd 18  eb fe 47 52 55 42 20 00  |..}.......GRUB .|
00000180  47 65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72  64 20 44 69 73 6b 00 52  |Geom.Hard Disk.R|
00000190  65 61 64 00 20 45 72 72  6f 72 0d 0a 00 bb 01 00  |ead. Error......|
000001a0  b4 0e cd 10 ac 3c 00 75  f4 c3 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.....<.u........|
000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  8f 75 09 00 00 00 80 20  |.........u..... |
000001c0  21 00 83 aa 28 82 00 08  00 00 00 00 20 00 00 aa  |!...(....... ...|
000001d0  29 82 82 bf 78 87 00 08  20 00 00 00 40 00 00 bf  |)...x... ...@...|
000001e0  79 87 83 fe ff ff 00 08  60 00 00 00 c0 05 00 00  |y.......`.......|
000001f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa  |..............U.|
00000200
[root@huawei ~]# 

# du
[root@huawei ~]# du -s
4328(默认KB)	.
[root@huawei ~]# du -sh
4.3M	.
[root@huawei ~]# du -sh /etc/
37M	/etc/
[root@huawei ~]# du -sh /usr/
3.0G	/usr/
[root@huawei ~]#

16.4 linux磁盘空间管理

$# 1.
# 0 添加硬盘-500G

# 1. 分区
fdisk工具
[root@huawei ~]# fdisk -v
fdisk from util-linux 2.23.2
[root@huawei ~]# 
[root@huawei ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xe70ccfc4.

Command (m for help): n      # 新建分区
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p    # 主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-1048575999, default 2048): 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1048575999, default 1048575999): +50G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 50 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p  # 打印分区表

Disk /dev/sdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe70ccfc4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048   104859647    52428800   83  Linux

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (104859648-1048575999, default 104859648): 
Using default value 104859648
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (104859648-1048575999, default 1048575999): +100G   
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 100 GiB is set

Command (m for help): P

Disk /dev/sdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe70ccfc4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048   104859647    52428800   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2       104859648   314574847   104857600   83  Linux

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe70ccfc4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048   104859647    52428800   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2       104859648   314574847   104857600   83  Linux
/dev/sdb3       314574848  1048575999   367000576    5  Extended

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 1 extended, 1 free)
   l   logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l  # 逻辑分区
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (314576896-1048575999, default 314576896): 
Using default value 314576896
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (314576896-1048575999, default 1048575999): +150G
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 150 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p    

Disk /dev/sdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe70ccfc4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048   104859647    52428800   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2       104859648   314574847   104857600   83  Linux
/dev/sdb3       314574848  1048575999   367000576    5  Extended
/dev/sdb5       314576896   629149695   157286400   83  Linux

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 1 extended, 1 free)
   l   logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l
Adding logical partition 6
First sector (629151744-1048575999, default 629151744): 
Using default value 629151744
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (629151744-1048575999, default 1048575999): 
Using default value 1048575999
Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 200 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe70ccfc4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048   104859647    52428800   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2       104859648   314574847   104857600   83  Linux
/dev/sdb3       314574848  1048575999   367000576    5  Extended
/dev/sdb5       314576896   629149695   157286400   83  Linux
/dev/sdb6       629151744  1048575999   209712128   83  Linux

Command (m for help): w 			# 保存分区表
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@huawei ~]# 
[root@huawei ~]# ls /dev/ | grep -i "sdb"
sdb
sdb1
sdb2
sdb3
sdb5
sdb6
[root@huawei ~]# lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE LABEL UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                      
├─sda1 xfs          a330fe19-0320-40ef-8e8b-532ab268d236 /boot
├─sda2 swap         bfaa2995-03cd-43b1-88c1-8a996327fbe6 [SWAP]
└─sda3 xfs          720cd9ac-dcfc-45f1-9a42-d2b0c918fdcc /
sdb                                                      
├─sdb1                                                   
├─sdb2                                                   
├─sdb3                                                   
├─sdb5                                                   
└─sdb6                                                   
sr0                                                      
[root@huawei ~]# 


# 2. 格式化
mkfs
[root@huawei ~]# mkfs
mkfs         mkfs.cramfs  mkfs.ext3    mkfs.fat     mkfs.msdos   mkfs.xfs     
mkfs.btrfs   mkfs.ext2    mkfs.ext4    mkfs.minix   mkfs.vfat    
[root@huawei ~]# 
[root@huawei ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1   # 对sdb格式化
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=3276800 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=13107200, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=6400, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@huawei ~]# 
[root@huawei ~]# lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE LABEL UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                      
├─sda1 xfs          a330fe19-0320-40ef-8e8b-532ab268d236 /boot
├─sda2 swap         bfaa2995-03cd-43b1-88c1-8a996327fbe6 [SWAP]
└─sda3 xfs          720cd9ac-dcfc-45f1-9a42-d2b0c918fdcc /
sdb                                                      
├─sdb1 xfs          807980d9-e496-47dd-ac0e-5c2bfb08ec58     # 有文件系统和UUID信息
├─sdb2                                                   
├─sdb3     # 扩展分区                                                 
├─sdb5                                                   
└─sdb6                                                   
sr0                                                      
[root@huawei ~]# 



# 3. 添加挂载点

[root@huawei ~]# cd /
[root@huawei /]# mkdir /dp_sdb1
[root@huawei /]# ls
bin   dev      etc   lib    media  opt   root  sbin  sys  usr
boot  dp_sdb1  home  lib64  mnt    proc  run   srv   tmp  var
[root@huawei /]# 



# 4. 挂载
[root@huawei /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /dp_sdb1/ # 临时挂载
[root@huawei /]# 
[root@huawei /]# lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE LABEL UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                      
├─sda1 xfs          a330fe19-0320-40ef-8e8b-532ab268d236 /boot
├─sda2 swap         bfaa2995-03cd-43b1-88c1-8a996327fbe6 [SWAP]
└─sda3 xfs          720cd9ac-dcfc-45f1-9a42-d2b0c918fdcc /
sdb                                                      
├─sdb1 xfs          807980d9-e496-47dd-ac0e-5c2bfb08ec58 /dp_sdb1
├─sdb2                                                   
├─sdb3  # 扩展分区                                                 
├─sdb5                                                   
└─sdb6                                                   
sr0                                                      
[root@huawei /]# df -Th
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3      xfs        46G  3.5G   43G   8% /
devtmpfs       devtmpfs  898M     0  898M   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     912M     0  912M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     912M  9.0M  903M   1% /run
tmpfs          tmpfs     912M     0  912M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1      xfs      1014M  175M  840M  18% /boot
tmpfs          tmpfs     183M   12K  183M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs          tmpfs     183M     0  183M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1      xfs        50G   33M   50G   1% /dp_sdb1
[root@huawei /]# 

# 5. 取消挂载
[root@huawei /]# umount /dev/sdb1
[root@huawei /]# df -Th
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3      xfs        46G  3.5G   43G   8% /
devtmpfs       devtmpfs  898M     0  898M   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     912M     0  912M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     912M  9.0M  903M   1% /run
tmpfs          tmpfs     912M     0  912M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1      xfs      1014M  175M  840M  18% /boot
tmpfs          tmpfs     183M   12K  183M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs          tmpfs     183M     0  183M   0% /run/user/0
[root@huawei /]# 
[root@huawei /]# lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE LABEL UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                      
├─sda1 xfs          a330fe19-0320-40ef-8e8b-532ab268d236 /boot
├─sda2 swap         bfaa2995-03cd-43b1-88c1-8a996327fbe6 [SWAP]
└─sda3 xfs          720cd9ac-dcfc-45f1-9a42-d2b0c918fdcc /
sdb                                                      
├─sdb1 xfs          807980d9-e496-47dd-ac0e-5c2bfb08ec58 
├─sdb2                                                   
├─sdb3                                                   
├─sdb5                                                   
└─sdb6                                                   
sr0                                                      
[root@huawei /]# 

$# 2. 重点分析和注意事项
# 取消挂载之后，里面创建的数据还在
[root@huawei /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /dp_sdb1/
[root@huawei /]# cd dp_sdb1/
[root@huawei dp_sdb1]# touch zy
[root@huawei dp_sdb1]# cd -
/
[root@huawei /]# umount /dev/sdb1
[root@huawei /]# mkdir /dp_02sdb1
[root@huawei /]# 
[root@huawei /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /dp_02sdb1/
[root@huawei /]# cd /dp_02sdb1/
[root@huawei dp_02sdb1]# ls
zy
[root@huawei dp_02sdb1]# 
[root@huawei dp_02sdb1]# lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE LABEL UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                      
├─sda1 xfs          a330fe19-0320-40ef-8e8b-532ab268d236 /boot
├─sda2 swap         bfaa2995-03cd-43b1-88c1-8a996327fbe6 [SWAP]
└─sda3 xfs          720cd9ac-dcfc-45f1-9a42-d2b0c918fdcc /
sdb                                                      
├─sdb1 xfs          807980d9-e496-47dd-ac0e-5c2bfb08ec58 /dp_02sdb1
├─sdb2                                                   
├─sdb3                                                   
├─sdb5                                                   
└─sdb6                                                   
sr0                                                      
[root@huawei dp_02sdb1]# 



$# 3. 永久开机挂载
	修改配置文件 /etc/fstab
[root@huawei dp_02sdb1]# reboot

[root@huawei ~]# more /etc/fstab
UUID=720cd9ac-dcfc-45f1-9a42-d2b0c918fdcc /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=a330fe19-0320-40ef-8e8b-532ab268d236 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=bfaa2995-03cd-43b1-88c1-8a996327fbe6 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
[root@huawei ~]# 
[root@huawei ~]# lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE LABEL UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                      
├─sda1 xfs          a330fe19-0320-40ef-8e8b-532ab268d236 /boot
├─sda2 swap         bfaa2995-03cd-43b1-88c1-8a996327fbe6 [SWAP]
└─sda3 xfs          720cd9ac-dcfc-45f1-9a42-d2b0c918fdcc /
sdb                                                      
├─sdb1 xfs          807980d9-e496-47dd-ac0e-5c2bfb08ec58 
├─sdb2                                                   
├─sdb3                                                   
├─sdb5                                                   
└─sdb6                                                   
sr0                                                      
[root@huawei ~]# 
[root@huawei ~]# blkid
/dev/sdb1: UUID="807980d9-e496-47dd-ac0e-5c2bfb08ec58" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/sda1: UUID="a330fe19-0320-40ef-8e8b-532ab268d236" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/sda2: UUID="bfaa2995-03cd-43b1-88c1-8a996327fbe6" TYPE="swap" 
/dev/sda3: UUID="720cd9ac-dcfc-45f1-9a42-d2b0c918fdcc" TYPE="xfs" 
[root@huawei ~]# 

[root@huawei ~]# vim /etc/fstab
UUID=720cd9ac-dcfc-45f1-9a42-d2b0c918fdcc /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=a330fe19-0320-40ef-8e8b-532ab268d236 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=bfaa2995-03cd-43b1-88c1-8a996327fbe6 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0


UUID=807980d9-e496-47dd-ac0e-5c2bfb08ec58 /dp_sdb1                xfs     defaults        0 0
[root@huawei ~]# 

[root@huawei ~]# lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE LABEL UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                      
├─sda1 xfs          a330fe19-0320-40ef-8e8b-532ab268d236 /boot
├─sda2 swap         bfaa2995-03cd-43b1-88c1-8a996327fbe6 [SWAP]
└─sda3 xfs          720cd9ac-dcfc-45f1-9a42-d2b0c918fdcc /
sdb                                                      
├─sdb1 xfs          807980d9-e496-47dd-ac0e-5c2bfb08ec58 
├─sdb2                                                   
├─sdb3                                                   
├─sdb5                                                   
└─sdb6                                                   
sr0                                                      
[root@huawei ~]# 

UUID
挂载点
文件系统格式
磁盘模式 defaults
(第一个0) dump备份 :  0表示不适用dump工具备份 / 1 表示使用适用dump工具备份
(第二个0) fsck文件系统检测修复: 0表示不检测修复 / 1 -启用修复(跟路径 /)  / 2 -启动修复(非根路径)

[root@huawei ~]# fsck /dev/sdb1
fsck from util-linux 2.23.2
If you wish to check the consistency of an XFS filesystem or
repair a damaged filesystem, see xfs_repair(8).
[root@huawei ~]# 

# 自动从fstab中查找未挂载点设备，并且自动挂载
[root@huawei ~]# mount -a
[root@huawei ~]# 
[root@huawei ~]# lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE LABEL UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                      
├─sda1 xfs          a330fe19-0320-40ef-8e8b-532ab268d236 /boot
├─sda2 swap         bfaa2995-03cd-43b1-88c1-8a996327fbe6 [SWAP]
└─sda3 xfs          720cd9ac-dcfc-45f1-9a42-d2b0c918fdcc /
sdb                                                      
├─sdb1 xfs          807980d9-e496-47dd-ac0e-5c2bfb08ec58 /dp_sdb1
├─sdb2                                                   
├─sdb3                                                   
├─sdb5                                                   
└─sdb6                                                   
sr0                                                      
[root@huawei ~]#