C语言：模块化实现通讯录

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已于 2022-04-08 11:25:34 修改

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文章标签： c语言算法 c++

于 2022-03-28 17:25:18 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_55547460/article/details/123787921

版权

这篇博客详细介绍了如何使用C语言实现一个模块化的通讯录系统，包括通讯录的实现要求、模块化设计，如头文件声明、菜单界面、功能实现等。通讯录可以存储1000人的姓名、性别、年龄、电话和住址，并提供了添加、删除、查找、修改、排序和显示联系人等操作。此外，还提到了动态版本和文件操作版本，后者能将通讯录信息保存到文件中以便下次使用。

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通讯录

通讯录实现要求

实现一个通讯录；

通讯录可以用来存储1000个人的信息，每个人的信息包括：姓名、性别、年龄、电话、住址

提供方法：

1.添加联系人信息
2.删除指定联系人信息
3.查找指定联系人信息
4.修改指定联系人信息
5.以名字排序所有联系人
6.显示所有联系人信息
7.清楚所有联系人

模块化实现

头文件声明

contact.h

#pragma once
//库函数
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>

//宏定义，方便后期修改数值时不用依次修改
#define	MAX_NAME 20
#define MAX_SEX 10
#define MAX_TELE 20
#define MAX_ADD 10

#define MAX 1000


typedef struct Peoinfo
{
	char name[MAX_NAME];
	char sex[MAX_SEX];
	int age;
	char tele[MAX_TELE];
	char add[MAX_ADD];//地址
}Peoinfo;

typedef struct Contact
{
	Peoinfo data[MAX];
	int sz;
}Contact;

//菜单声明
void meun();

//函数声明
void InitContact(Contact* pc);
void AddContact(Contact* pc);
void PrintContact(Contact* pc);
void DelContact(Contact* pc);
void ModifyContact(Contact* pc);
void SortContact(Contact* pc);

菜单界面

test.c

#include"contact.h"
enum Option
{
	EXIT,
	ADD,
	DEL,
	SEARCH,
	MODIFY,
	SORT,
	PRINT
};

void meun()
{
	printf("********************************************\n");
	printf("**********     1.add    2.del     **********\n");
	printf("**********     3.search 4.modify  **********\n");
	printf("**********     5.sort   6.print   **********\n");
	printf("**********     0.exit             **********\n");
	printf("********************************************\n");
}

int main()
{
	int input = 0;
	Contact con;
	InitContact(&con);
	do
	{
		meun();
		printf("请输入:>");
		scanf("%d", &input);
		switch (input)
		{
			case ADD :
				AddContact(&con);
				break;
			case DEL :
				DelContact(&con);
				break;
			case SEARCH:
				SearchContact(&con);
				break;
			case MODIFY:
				ModifyContact(&con);
				break;
			case SORT:
				SortContact(&con);
				break;
			case PRINT:
				PrintContact(&con);
				break;

			default:
				break;
		}
	} while (input);
	return 0;
}

功能实现

初始化通讯录

//初始化
void InitContact(Contact* pc)
{
	pc->sz = 0;
	memset(pc->data, 0, sizeof(pc->data));
}

增加联系人

//1.增
void AddContact(Contact* pc)
{
	if (pc->sz == MAX)
	{
		printf("联系人已满");
		return;
	}
	printf("请输入姓名>:");
	scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].name);
	printf("请输入性别>:");
	scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].sex);
	printf("请输入年龄>:");
	scanf("%d", &(pc->data[pc->sz].age));
	printf("请输入联系号码>:");
	scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].tele);
	printf("请输入地址>:");
	scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].add);

	pc->sz++;
	printf("添加联系人成功\n");
}

打印通讯录

//6.打印
void PrintContact(Contact* pc)
{
	int i = 0;
	if (pc->sz == 0)
	{
		printf("通讯录为空\n");
	}
	printf("%-20s\t%-10s\t%-4s\t%-20s\t%-10s\n", "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "电话号码", "地址");
	for (i = 0; i < pc->sz; i++)
	{
		printf("%-20s\t%-10s\t%-4d\t%-20s\t%-10s\n",
			pc->data[i].name,
			pc->data[i].sex,
			pc->data[i].age,
			pc->data[i].tele,
			pc->data[i].add);
	}
}

寻找人名函数

//寻
int Find(Contact* pc,char* name)
{
	
	for (int i = 0; i < pc->sz; i++)
	{
		if (strcmp(pc->data[i].name, name) == 0)
		{
			return i;
		}
	}
	return -1;
}

删除联系人

//2.删
void DelContact(Contact* pc)
{
	if (pc->sz == 0)
	{
		printf("通讯录为空\n");
	}
	printf("请输入要删除的联系人");
	char name[MAX_NAME];
	scanf("%s", &name);
	int ret = Find(pc, name);
	if (ret == -1)
	{
		printf("没有找到要删的联系人");
		return;
	}
	else
	{
		int i = 0;
		for (i = ret; i < pc->sz-1; i++)
		{
			pc->data[i] = pc->data[i + 1];
		}
	}
	pc->sz--;

}

查找联系人

//3.查
void SearchContact(Contact* pc)
{
	if (pc->sz == 0)
	{
		printf("通讯录为空\n");
	}
	printf("请输入要查找的联系人:>");
	char name[MAX_NAME];
	scanf("%s", &name);
	int ret = Find(pc,name);
	if (ret == -1)
	{
		printf("没有找到该联系人\n");
		return;
	}
	else
	{
		printf("%-20s\t%-10s\t%-4s\t%-20s\t%-10s\n", "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "电话号码", "地址");
		printf("%-20s\t%-10s\t%-4d\t%-20s\t%-10s\n",
			pc->data[ret].name,
			pc->data[ret].sex,
			pc->data[ret].age,
			pc->data[ret].tele,
			pc->data[ret].add);
	}
}

替换联系人

//4.替换
void ModifyContact(Contact* pc)
{
	if (pc->sz == 0)
	{
		printf("通讯录为空\n");
	}
	printf("请输入要替换的联系人:>");
	char name[MAX_NAME];
	scanf("%s", &name);
	int ret = Find(pc, name);
	if (ret == -1)
	{
		printf("没有找到要替换的联系人");
		return;
	}
	else
	{
		printf("请输入姓名>:");
		scanf("%s", pc->data[ret].name);
		printf("请输入性别>:");
		scanf("%s", pc->data[ret].sex);
		printf("请输入年龄>:");
		scanf("%d", &(pc->data[ret].age));
		printf("请输入电话号码>:");
		scanf("%s", pc->data[ret].tele);
		printf("请输入地址>:");
		scanf("%s", pc->data[ret].add);
		printf("修改成功\n");
	}
}

排序通讯录

//5.排序
void SortContact(Contact* pc)
{
	if (pc->sz == 0)
	{
		printf("通讯录为空无法排序\n");
		return;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < (pc->sz-1); i++)
	{
		for (int j = i; j < (pc->sz-1); j++)
		{
			if (strcmp(pc->data[j].name,pc->data[j+1].name) > 0)
			{
				Peoinfo tmp;
				tmp = pc->data[j];
				pc->data[j] = pc->data[j + 1];
				pc->data[j + 1] = tmp;
			}
			
		}
	}
	PrintContact(pc);
	return;

}

动态版本

contact.h

#pragma once
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<assert.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

#define	MAX_NAME 20
#define MAX_SEX 10
#define MAX_TELE 20
#define MAX_ADD 10

#define MAX 1000

//default默认
#define DEFAULT_SZ 3;

typedef struct Peoinfo
{
	char name[MAX_NAME];
	char sex[MAX_SEX];
	int age;
	char tele[MAX_TELE];
	char add[MAX_ADD];//地址
}Peoinfo;


//动态版本
typedef struct Contact
{
	Peoinfo* data;
	int sz;
	int capacity;
}Contact;

//静态版本
//typedef struct Contact
//{
//	Peoinfo data[MAX];
//	int sz;
//}Contact;

void meun();

void InitContact(Contact* pc);
void AddContact(Contact* pc);
void CheackCapcity(Contact* pc);
void DestroyContact(Contact *pc);
void PrintContact(Contact* pc);
void DelContact(Contact* pc);
void ModifyContact(Contact* pc);
void SortContact(Contact* pc);

test.c

#include"contact.h"
enum Option
{
	EXIT,
	ADD,
	DEL,
	SEARCH,
	MODIFY,
	SORT,
	PRINT
};

int main()
{
	int input = 0;
	Contact con;
	InitContact(&con);
	do
	{
		meun();
		printf("请输入:>");
		scanf("%d", &input);
		switch (input)
		{
			case ADD :
				AddContact(&con);
				break;
			case DEL :
				DelContact(&con);
				break;
			case SEARCH:
				SearchContact(&con);
				break;
			case MODIFY:
				ModifyContact(&con);
				break;
			case SORT:
				SortContact(&con);
				break;
			case PRINT:
				PrintContact(&con);
				break;
			case EXIT:
				DestroyContact(&con);
				break;

			default:
				break;
		}
	} while (input);
	return 0;
}

contact.c

#include"contact.h"

void meun()
{
	printf("********************************************\n");
	printf("**********     1.add    2.del     **********\n");
	printf("**********     3.search 4.modify  **********\n");
	printf("**********     5.sort   6.print   **********\n");
	printf("**********     0.exit             **********\n");
	printf("********************************************\n");
}
//初始化
void InitContact(Contact* pc)
{
	assert(pc);
	pc->capacity = DEFAULT_SZ;
	pc->data=(Peoinfo*)malloc(sizeof(Peoinfo)*(pc->capacity));
	if (pc->data == NULL)
	{
		perror("InitContact::malloc");
		return;
	}
	pc->sz = 0;
	memset(pc->data, 0, sizeof(Peoinfo*)*pc->capacity);
}

void CheackCapcity(Contact* pc)
{
	if (pc->sz == pc->capacity)
	{
		Peoinfo* tmp = (Peoinfo*)realloc(pc->data, sizeof(Peoinfo) * (pc->capacity + 2));
		if (tmp != NULL)
		{
			pc->data = tmp;
		}
		else
		{
			perror("CheackCapcity::ralloc");
			return;
		}
		pc->capacity + 2;
		printf("增容成功\n");
	}

}


//1.增
void AddContact(Contact* pc)
{
	CheackCapcity(pc);
	printf("请输入姓名>:");
	scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].name);
	printf("请输入性别>:");
	scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].sex);
	printf("请输入年龄>:");
	scanf("%d", &(pc->data[pc->sz].age));
	printf("请输入联系号码>:");
	scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].tele);
	printf("请输入地址>:");
	scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].add);

	pc->sz++;
	printf("添加联系人成功\n");
}
//6.打印
void PrintContact(Contact* pc)
{
	int i = 0;
	if (pc->sz == 0)
	{
		printf("通讯录为空\n");
	}
	printf("%-20s\t%-10s\t%-4s\t%-20s\t%-10s\n", "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "电话号码", "地址");
	for (i = 0; i < pc->sz; i++)
	{
		printf("%-20s\t%-10s\t%-4d\t%-20s\t%-10s\n",
			pc->data[i].name,
			pc->data[i].sex,
			pc->data[i].age,
			pc->data[i].tele,
			pc->data[i].add);
	}
}


//寻
int Find(Contact* pc,char* name)
{
	
	for (int i = 0; i < pc->sz; i++)
	{
		if (strcmp(pc->data[i].name, name) == 0)
		{
			return i;
		}
	}
	return -1;
}

//2.删
void DelContact(Contact* pc)
{
	if (pc->sz == 0)
	{
		printf("通讯录为空\n");
	}
	printf("请输入要删除的联系人");
	char name[MAX_NAME];
	scanf("%s", &name);
	int ret = Find(pc, name);
	if (ret == -1)
	{
		printf("没有找到要删的联系人");
		return;
	}
	else
	{
		int i = 0;
		for (i = ret; i < pc->sz-1; i++)
		{
			pc->data[i] = pc->data[i + 1];
		}
	}
	pc->sz--;

}

//3.查
void SearchContact(Contact* pc)
{
	if (pc->sz == 0)
	{
		printf("通讯录为空\n");
	}
	printf("请输入要查找的联系人:>");
	char name[MAX_NAME];
	scanf("%s", &name);
	int ret = Find(pc,name);
	if (ret == -1)
	{
		printf("没有找到该联系人\n");
		return;
	}
	else
	{
		printf("%-20s\t%-10s\t%-4s\t%-20s\t%-10s\n", "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "电话号码", "地址");
		printf("%-20s\t%-10s\t%-4d\t%-20s\t%-10s\n",
			pc->data[ret].name,
			pc->data[ret].sex,
			pc->data[ret].age,
			pc->data[ret].tele,
			pc->data[ret].add);
	}
}
//4.替换
void ModifyContact(Contact* pc)
{
	if (pc->sz == 0)
	{
		printf("通讯录为空\n");
	}
	printf("请输入要替换的联系人:>");
	char name[MAX_NAME];
	scanf("%s", &name);
	int ret = Find(pc, name);
	if (ret == -1)
	{
		printf("没有找到要替换的联系人");
		return;
	}
	else
	{
		printf("请输入姓名>:");
		scanf("%s", pc->data[ret].name);
		printf("请输入性别>:");
		scanf("%s", pc->data[ret].sex);
		printf("请输入年龄>:");
		scanf("%d", &(pc->data[ret].age));
		printf("请输入电话号码>:");
		scanf("%s", pc->data[ret].tele);
		printf("请输入地址>:");
		scanf("%s", pc->data[ret].add);
		printf("修改成功\n");
	}
}

//5.排序
void SortContact(Contact* pc)
{
	if (pc->sz == 0)
	{
		printf("通讯录为空无法排序\n");
		return;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < (pc->sz-1); i++)
	{
		for (int j = i; j < (pc->sz-1); j++)
		{
			if (strcmp(pc->data[j].name,pc->data[j+1].name) > 0)
			{
				Peoinfo tmp;
				tmp = pc->data[j];
				pc->data[j] = pc->data[j + 1];
				pc->data[j + 1] = tmp;
			}
			
		}
	}
	PrintContact(pc);
	return;

}

void DestroyContact(Contact* pc)
{
	free(pc->data);
	pc->data = NULL;
	pc->sz = 0;
	pc->capacity=0;
	printf("销毁成功\n");



}

文件操作版本

此版本可以将得出的信息存储在contact.dat文件中，以后在操作这个程序时，会先将text.dat文件中的信息加载到程序，然后处理完后保存在contact.dat文件中，以便于下次使用

contact.h

#pragma once
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<assert.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

#define	MAX_NAME 20
#define MAX_SEX 10
#define MAX_TELE 20
#define MAX_ADD 10

#define MAX 1000

//default默认
#define DEFAULT_SZ 3;

typedef struct Peoinfo
{
	char name[MAX_NAME];
	char sex[MAX_SEX];
	int age;
	char tele[MAX_TELE];
	char add[MAX_ADD];//地址
}Peoinfo;


//动态版本
typedef struct Contact
{
	Peoinfo* data;
	int sz;
	int capacity;
}Contact;

//静态版本
//typedef struct Contact
//{
//	Peoinfo data[MAX];
//	int sz;
//}Contact;

void meun();

void InitContact(Contact* pc);
void AddContact(Contact* pc);
void CheackCapcity(Contact* pc);
void DestroyContact(Contact *pc);
void PrintContact(Contact* pc);
void DelContact(Contact* pc);
void ModifyContact(Contact* pc);
void SortContact(Contact* pc);
void LoadContact(Contact* pc);
void SaveContact(Contact* pc);

test.c

#include"contact.h"
enum Option
{
	EXIT,
	ADD,
	DEL,
	SEARCH,
	MODIFY,
	SORT,
	PRINT
};

int main()
{
	int input = 0;
	Contact con;
	InitContact(&con);
	do
	{
		meun();
		printf("请输入:>");
		scanf("%d", &input);
		switch (input)
		{
			case ADD :
				AddContact(&con);
				break;
			case DEL :
				DelContact(&con);
				break;
			case SEARCH:
				SearchContact(&con);
				break;
			case MODIFY:
				ModifyContact(&con);
				break;
			case SORT:
				SortContact(&con);
				break;
			case PRINT:
				PrintContact(&con);
				break;
			case EXIT:
				SaveContact(&con);
				DestroyContact(&con);
				break;

			default:
				break;
		}
	} while (input);
	return 0;
}

contact.c

#include"contact.h"

void meun()
{
	printf("********************************************\n");
	printf("**********     1.add    2.del     **********\n");
	printf("**********     3.search 4.modify  **********\n");
	printf("**********     5.sort   6.print   **********\n");
	printf("**********     0.exit             **********\n");
	printf("********************************************\n");
}
//初始化
void InitContact(Contact* pc)
{
	assert(pc);
	pc->capacity = DEFAULT_SZ;
	pc->data=(Peoinfo*)malloc(sizeof(Peoinfo)*(pc->capacity));
	if (pc->data == NULL)
	{
		perror("InitContact::malloc");
		return;
	}
	pc->sz = 0;
	memset(pc->data, 0, sizeof(Peoinfo*)*pc->capacity);

	LoadContact(pc);
}

void CheackCapcity(Contact* pc)
{
	if (pc->sz == pc->capacity)
	{
		Peoinfo* tmp = (Peoinfo*)realloc(pc->data, sizeof(Peoinfo) * (pc->capacity + 2));
		if (tmp != NULL)
		{
			pc->data = tmp;
		}
		else
		{
			perror("CheackCapcity::ralloc");
			return;
		}
		pc->capacity + 2;
		printf("增容成功\n");
	}

}


//1.增
void AddContact(Contact* pc)
{
	CheackCapcity(pc);
	printf("请输入姓名>:");
	scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].name);
	printf("请输入性别>:");
	scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].sex);
	printf("请输入年龄>:");
	scanf("%d", &(pc->data[pc->sz].age));
	printf("请输入联系号码>:");
	scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].tele);
	printf("请输入地址>:");
	scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].add);

	pc->sz++;
	printf("添加联系人成功\n");
}
//6.打印
void PrintContact(Contact* pc)
{
	int i = 0;
	if (pc->sz == 0)
	{
		printf("通讯录为空\n");
	}
	printf("%-20s\t%-10s\t%-4s\t%-20s\t%-10s\n", "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "电话号码", "地址");
	for (i = 0; i < pc->sz; i++)
	{
		printf("%-20s\t%-10s\t%-4d\t%-20s\t%-10s\n",
			pc->data[i].name,
			pc->data[i].sex,
			pc->data[i].age,
			pc->data[i].tele,
			pc->data[i].add);
	}
}


//寻
int Find(Contact* pc,char* name)
{
	
	for (int i = 0; i < pc->sz; i++)
	{
		if (strcmp(pc->data[i].name, name) == 0)
		{
			return i;
		}
	}
	return -1;
}

//2.删
void DelContact(Contact* pc)
{
	if (pc->sz == 0)
	{
		printf("通讯录为空\n");
	}
	printf("请输入要删除的联系人");
	char name[MAX_NAME];
	scanf("%s", &name);
	int ret = Find(pc, name);
	if (ret == -1)
	{
		printf("没有找到要删的联系人");
		return;
	}
	else
	{
		int i = 0;
		for (i = ret; i < pc->sz-1; i++)
		{
			pc->data[i] = pc->data[i + 1];
		}
	}
	pc->sz--;

}

//3.查
void SearchContact(Contact* pc)
{
	if (pc->sz == 0)
	{
		printf("通讯录为空\n");
	}
	printf("请输入要查找的联系人:>");
	char name[MAX_NAME];
	scanf("%s", &name);
	int ret = Find(pc,name);
	if (ret == -1)
	{
		printf("没有找到该联系人\n");
		return;
	}
	else
	{
		printf("%-20s\t%-10s\t%-4s\t%-20s\t%-10s\n", "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "电话号码", "地址");
		printf("%-20s\t%-10s\t%-4d\t%-20s\t%-10s\n",
			pc->data[ret].name,
			pc->data[ret].sex,
			pc->data[ret].age,
			pc->data[ret].tele,
			pc->data[ret].add);
	}
}
//4.替换
void ModifyContact(Contact* pc)
{
	if (pc->sz == 0)
	{
		printf("通讯录为空\n");
	}
	printf("请输入要替换的联系人:>");
	char name[MAX_NAME];
	scanf("%s", &name);
	int ret = Find(pc, name);
	if (ret == -1)
	{
		printf("没有找到要替换的联系人");
		return;
	}
	else
	{
		printf("请输入姓名>:");
		scanf("%s", pc->data[ret].name);
		printf("请输入性别>:");
		scanf("%s", pc->data[ret].sex);
		printf("请输入年龄>:");
		scanf("%d", &(pc->data[ret].age));
		printf("请输入电话号码>:");
		scanf("%s", pc->data[ret].tele);
		printf("请输入地址>:");
		scanf("%s", pc->data[ret].add);
		printf("修改成功\n");
	}
}

//5.排序
void SortContact(Contact* pc)
{
	if (pc->sz == 0)
	{
		printf("通讯录为空无法排序\n");
		return;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < (pc->sz-1); i++)
	{
		for (int j = i; j < (pc->sz-1); j++)
		{
			if (strcmp(pc->data[j].name,pc->data[j+1].name) > 0)
			{
				Peoinfo tmp;
				tmp = pc->data[j];
				pc->data[j] = pc->data[j + 1];
				pc->data[j + 1] = tmp;
			}
			
		}
	}
	PrintContact(pc);
	return;

}

void DestroyContact(Contact* pc)
{
	free(pc->data);
	pc->data = NULL;
	pc->sz = 0;
	pc->capacity=0;
	printf("销毁成功\n");



}

void LoadContact(Contact* pc)
{
	FILE* pf = fopen("contact.dat", "rb");
	if (pf == NULL)
	{
		perror("LoadContact::fopen");
		return;
	}
	Peoinfo tmp = { 0 };
	while (fread(&tmp, sizeof(Peoinfo), 1, pf))
	{
		CheackCapcity(pc);
		pc->data[pc->sz] = tmp;
		pc->sz++;
	}

	fclose(pf);
	pf = NULL;
}

void SaveContact(Contact*pc)
{
	FILE* pf = fopen("contact.dat", "wb");
	if (pf == NULL)
	{
		perror("SaveContact::fopen");
		return;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < pc->sz; i++)
	{
		fwrite(&(pc->data[i]), sizeof(Peoinfo), 1,pf);
	}

	fclose(pf);
	pf = NULL;

}