容器-Docker《三》容器管理

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已于 2023-01-04 15:25:18 修改

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文章标签： docker 容器运维云原生微服务

于 2023-01-03 23:01:14 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_51943889/article/details/128526577

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本文介绍了Docker容器的管理，包括容器生命周期、常用命令如创建、查看、启动、停止、删除容器，以及容器的端口映射、DNS设置、环境变量传递等操作，旨在帮助理解如何有效管理和操作Docker容器。

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容器-Docker《三》容器管理

下载镜像只是相当于将软件下载下来安装好，但是并不代表把它运行起来，类似于root@ubuntu2204:~# apt install nginx = docker pull nginx ，然而进行运行起来就变成了容器，镜像只是模板文件，容器复制一份模板文件生成相关进程对外提供服务，随着运行的时间推移容器除了模板文件还会生成别的文件。

那么一个机器里面可以运行两个容器跑两个nginx吗？
在这里插入图片描述

root@ubuntu2204:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
be01627007fb   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   80/tcp    priceless_nightingale
8dd8f5328dff   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   34 minutes ago       Up 10 minutes       80/tcp    boring_goldstine
root@ubuntu2204:~# ps axu|grep nginx
root        6576  0.0  0.1   8856  5516 ?        Ss   12:53   0:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
systemd+    6628  0.0  0.0   9276  2672 ?        S    12:53   0:00 nginx: worker process
systemd+    6629  0.0  0.0   9276  2672 ?        S    12:53   0:00 nginx: worker process
root        6655  0.0  1.2 1273784 49348 pts/6   Sl+  13:02   0:00 docker run nginx:latest
root        6724  0.0  0.1   8856  5508 ?        Ss   13:02   0:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
systemd+    6774  0.0  0.0   9276  2588 ?        S    13:02   0:00 nginx: worker process
systemd+    6775  0.0  0.0   9276  2588 ?        S    13:02   0:00 nginx: worker process
root        6908  0.0  0.0   6608  2264 pts/8    R+   13:08   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

在这里插入图片描述

容器是一个在主机上运行的进程，主机可以是本地主机，也可以是远程主机。运行的容器进程被隔离，容器有自己的文件系统、自己的网络和自己的独立于主机的独立进程树。
image：文件模板，仅是文件，只消耗磁盘空间，静态概念；container：复制模板文件生成新的文件和进程，即消耗磁盘空间也消耗内存空间，动态概念，有生命期。

1，容器生命周期

在这里插入图片描述

root@ubuntu2204:~# docker container --help

Usage:  docker container COMMAND

Manage containers

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more containers
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  ls          List containers
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  prune       Remove all stopped containers
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  run         Run a command in a new container
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

Run 'docker container COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
root@ubuntu2204:~#

容器启动流程
Docker----Docker容器的启动流程：https://developer.aliyun.com/article/920837
在这里插入图片描述

为了后续做实验，将Docker数据根目录更改为/data/docker ，和添加镜像加速器。

root@ubuntu2204:~# docker info
Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false

Server:
 Containers: 0
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 0
 Server Version: 20.10.12
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: extfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
  userxattr: false
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: systemd
 Cgroup Version: 2
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc io.containerd.runc.v2
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 
 runc version: 
 init version: 
 Security Options:
  apparmor
  seccomp
   Profile: default
  cgroupns
 Kernel Version: 5.15.0-43-generic
 Operating System: Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 2
 Total Memory: 3.8GiB
 Name: ubuntu2204
 ID: KZWM:XV2H:TECS:YALE:RV7H:IMVK:BITA:QTRO:52DQ:POVV:WL5I:YQVO
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker    #默认数据根目录
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Live Restore Enabled: false

#停止Dokcer服务
root@ubuntu2204:~# sudo systemctl stop docker
Warning: Stopping docker.service, but it can still be activated by:
  docker.socket
root@ubuntu2204:~# sudo systemctl stop docker.socket
root@ubuntu2204:~# sudo systemctl stop containerd 

#转移 root 目录为/data/docker
root@ubuntu2204:~# mkdir -p /data/docker
root@ubuntu2204:~# mv /var/lib/docker/ /data/


#编写 daemon.json,添加如下内容
root@ubuntu2204:~# sudo vim /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
   
        "data-root":"/data/docker/"
}
#重启docker服务
root@ubuntu2204:~# sudo systemctl start docker
root@ubuntu2204:~# docker info
Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false

Server:
 Containers: 0
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 0
 Server Version: 20.10.12
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: extfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
  userxattr: false
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: systemd
 Cgroup Version: 2
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 
 runc version: 
 init version: 
 Security Options:
  apparmor
  seccomp
   Profile: default
  cgroupns
 Kernel Version: 5.15.0-43-generic
 Operating System: Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 2
 Total Memory: 3.8GiB
 Name: ubuntu2204
 ID: KZWM:XV2H:TECS:YALE:RV7H:IMVK:BITA:QTRO:52DQ:POVV:WL5I:YQVO
 Docker Root Dir: /data/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Live Restore Enabled: false

root@ubuntu2204:~#

添加镜像加速器如果之前有了别的定义，也写在大括号里面用逗号隔开。

root@ubuntu2204:~# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
   
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://uietgfqt.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}

root@ubuntu2204:~# sudo systemctl daemon-reload
root@ubuntu2204:~# sudo systemctl restart docker

root@ubuntu2204:~# sudo systemctl daemon-reload ; sudo systemctl restart docker 
root@ubuntu2204:~# docker info
Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false

Server:
 Containers: 0
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 0
 Server Version: 20.10.12
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: extfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
  userxattr: false
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: systemd
 Cgroup Version: 2
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 
 runc version: 
 init version: 
 Security Options:
  apparmor
  seccomp
   Profile: default
  cgroupns
 Kernel Version: 5.15.0-43-generic
 Operating System: Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 2
 Total Memory: 3.8GiB
 Name: ubuntu2204
 ID: KZWM:XV2H:TECS:YALE:RV7H:IMVK:BITA:QTRO:52DQ:POVV:WL5I:YQVO
 Docker Root Dir: /data/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Registry Mirrors:
  https://uietgfqt.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
 Live Restore Enabled: false

root@ubuntu2204:~# 



root@ubuntu2204:~# cat  /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
   
        "data-root":"/data/docker/",

  "registry-mirrors": ["https://uietgfqt.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
root@ubuntu2204:~#

2，容器命令行CLI

2.1 容器创建

docker create
创建容器实际上就是复制image，命令docker create
用法

oot@ubuntu2204:~# docker create --help

Usage:  docker create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

Create a new container

Options:
。。。。
--name string                    Assign a name to the container #在创建容器时指定容器名称

示例

root@ubuntu2204:~# du -sh /data/docker/
244K	/data/docker/
root@ubuntu2204:~# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE
root@ubuntu2204:~# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete 
a9edb18cadd1: Pull complete 
589b7251471a: Pull complete 
186b1aaa4aa6: Pull complete 
b4df32aa5a72: Pull complete 
a0bcbecc962e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
root@ubuntu2204:~# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   12 months ago   141MB
root@ubuntu2204:~# docker create nginx:latest
8dd8f5328dffe3a1173cfe120fae47484ad582e1273a127916fdff8e60ff4bc8
root@ubuntu2204:~# du -sh /data/docker/
151M	/data/docker/
root@ubuntu2204:~#

2.2 查看容器

docker -ps
默认显示运行状态的容器，
-a 显示所有状态的容器。

root@ubuntu2204:~# docker ps --help

Usage:  docker ps [OPTIONS]

List containers

Options:
  -a, --all             Show all containers (default shows just running)
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print containers using a Go template
  -n, --last int        Show n last created containers (includes all states)
                        (default -1)
  -l, --latest          Show the latest created container (includes all states)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only display container IDs
  -s, --size            Display total file sizes

root@ubuntu2204:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
8dd8f5328dff   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   10 minutes ago   Created             boring_goldstine

容器本质上进程，创建容器只是复制image，但是还没有运行起来，所以看不到进程。此时，并且数据根目录大小也没变化。

root@ubuntu2204:~# ps aux|grep nginx
root        6484  0.0  0.0   6476  2260 pts/6    S+   12:44   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
root@ubuntu2204:~# du -sh /data/docker
151M	/data/docker
root@ubuntu2204:~# ll /data/docker/containers/
total 12
drwx--x---  3 root root 4096 Jan  3 12:29 ./
drwx--x--- 13 root root 4096 Jan  3 12:14 ../
drwx--x---  3 root root 4096 Jan  3 12:29 8dd8f5328dffe3a1173cfe120fae47484ad582e1273a127916fdff8e60ff4bc8/
root@ubuntu2204:~# tree  /data/docker/containers/8dd8f5328dffe3a1173cfe120fae47484ad582e1273a127916fdff8e60ff4bc8/
/data/docker/containers/8dd8f5328dffe3a1173cfe120fae47484ad582e1273a127916fdff8e60ff4bc8/
├── checkpoints
├── config.v2.json
└── hostconfig.json

1 directory, 2 files
root@ubuntu2204:~#

示例：指定名字

可以通过三种方式识别容器：
在这里插入图片描述

2.3 启动容器

docker start
docker start 容器ID或名称

root@ubuntu2204:~# docker start --help

Usage:  docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

Start one or more stopped containers

Options:
  -a, --attach               Attach STDOUT/STDERR and forward signals
      --detach-keys string   Override the key sequence for detaching a container
  -i, --interactive          Attach container's STDIN

root@ubuntu2204:~# docker ps -a 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
8dd8f5328dff   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   23 minutes ago   Created             boring_goldstine
root@ubuntu2204:~# du -sh /data/docker
151M	/data/docker

root@ubuntu2204:~# docker start boring_goldstine 
boring_goldstine
root@ubuntu2204:~# docker ps -a 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
8dd8f5328dff   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   23 minutes ago   Up 4 seconds   80/tcp    boring_goldstine

容器启动之后数据目录变大，也增加了一些文件。

root@ubuntu2204:~# du -sh /data/docker
298M	/data/docker
root@ubuntu2204:~# tree  /data/docker/containers/8dd8f5328dffe3a1173cfe120fae47484ad582e1273a127916fdff8e60ff4bc8/
/data/docker/containers/8dd8f5328dffe3a1173cfe120fae47484ad582e1273a127916fdff8e60ff4bc8/
├── 8dd8f5328dffe3a1173cfe120fae47484ad582e1273a127916fdff8e60ff4bc8-json.log
├── checkpoints
├── config.v2.json
├── hostconfig.json
├── hostname
├── hosts
├── mounts
├── resolv.conf
└── resolv.conf.hash

2 directories, 7 files
root@ubuntu2204:~#

root@ubuntu2204:~# ls /data/docker/volumes/
backingFsBlockDev  metadata.db
root@ubuntu2204:~# ls /data/docker/
buildkit  containers  image  network  overlay2  plugins  runtimes  swarm  tmp  trust  volumes
root@ubuntu2204:~# ls /data/docker/overlay2/
274af8f4099d035812b99a2d45652cd4dca273d7db9bb3d9eada764eaefd5b40       73cbb9671db1515f18bdf3e274b9cf836ff3b9c925adb438f79da63e1200c056
36980a6dd0f318d40fa2ceb48b4d27e81833c95ea89f94776c868f32bd1a34a9       8fef2c8d09ae78da14b279bc1ab1a07de713c530dd8ec53c76c5dd9573c29f11
4511584cd776f33c45876483b8cd80962695b3526cf34ffbfef9b524aa73e121       9ba8ba2a6fece861e26c40f2c3ab77806f3d9496eccc208a6b6ef19e1af9506d
4511584cd776f33c45876483b8cd80962695b3526cf34ffbfef9b524aa73e121-init  l
657928bd618dd8de2b94bc3915f31eb124dde49b36a5f0c568029ec936dadac3
root@ubuntu2204:~# du -sh /data/docker/overlay2/274af8f4099d035812b99a2d45652cd4dca273d7db9bb3d9eada764eaefd5b40/
28K	/data/docker/overlay2/274af8f4099d035812b99a2d45652cd4dca273d7db9bb3d9eada764eaefd5b40/
root@ubuntu2204:~# ls /data/docker/overlay2/ -t
4511584cd776f33c45876483b8cd80962695b3526cf34ffbfef9b524aa73e121       73cbb9671db1515f18bdf3e274b9cf836ff3b9c925adb438f79da63e1200c056
4511584cd776f33c45876483b8cd80962695b3526cf34ffbfef9b524aa73e121-init  8fef2c8d09ae78da14b279bc1ab1a07de713c530dd8ec53c76c5dd9573c29f11
l                                                                      657928bd618dd8de2b94bc3915f31eb124dde49b36a5f0c568029ec936dadac3
36980a6dd0f318d40fa2ceb48b4d27e81833c95ea89f94776c868f32bd1a34a9       9ba8ba2a6fece861e26c40f2c3ab77806f3d9496eccc208a6b6ef19e1af9506d
274af8f4099d035812b99a2d45652cd4dca273d7db9bb3d9eada764eaefd5b40
root@ubuntu2204:~# du -sh /data/docker/overlay2/4511584cd776f33c45876483b8cd80962695b3526cf34ffbfef9b524aa73e121
148M	/data/docker/overlay2/4511584cd776f33c45876483b8cd80962695b3526cf34ffbfef9b524aa73e121
root@ubuntu2204:~#

用同一个镜像在创建一个容器，也会在复制一份镜像文件。

root@ubuntu2204:~# du -sh /data/docker/
298M	/data/docker/
root@ubuntu2204:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
8dd8f5328dff   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   31 minutes ago   Up 7 minutes   80/tcp    boring_goldstine
root@ubuntu2204:~# docker run nginx:latest 
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2023/01/03 13:02:34 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2023/01/03 13:02:34 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.21.5
2023/01/03 13:02:34 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6) 
2023/01/03 13:02:34 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 5.15.0-43-generic
2023/01/03 13:02:34 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2023/01/03 13:02:34 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2023/01/03 13:02:34 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 31
2023/01/03 13:02:34 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 32   #默认前台运行，-d后台运行

root@ubuntu2204:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
be01627007fb   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   80/tcp    priceless_nightingale
8dd8f5328dff   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   34 minutes ago       Up 10 minutes       80/tcp    boring_goldstine
root@ubuntu2204:~# ps axu|grep nginx
root        6576  0.0  0.1   8856  5516 ?        Ss   12:53   0:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
systemd+    6628  0.0  0.0   9276  2672 ?        S    12:53   0:00 nginx: worker process
systemd+    6629  0.0  0.0   9276  2672 ?        S    12:53   0:00 nginx: worker process
root        6655  0.0  1.2 1273784 49348 pts/6   Sl+  13:02   0:00 docker run nginx:latest
root        6724  0.0  0.1   8856  5508 ?        Ss   13:02   0:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
systemd+    6774  0.0  0.0   9276  2588 ?        S    13:02   0:00 nginx: worker process
systemd+    6775  0.0  0.0   9276  2588 ?        S    13:02   0:00 nginx: worker process
root        6908  0.0  0.0   6608  2264 pts/8    R+   13:08   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

root@ubuntu2204:~# du -sh /data/docker/
445M	/data/docker/

2.4 运行容器

docker run=复制image生成容器docker create+docker start，容器的创建实际上就是复制image文件。
运行容器基本命令采用以下形式：docker run ，容器创建并启动
容器必须要有一个前台运行的进程，才能不退出。
–privileged 向此容器授予扩展权限，让容器可以控制宿主机，这个比较危险，谨慎使用。

docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE[:TAG|@DIGEST] [COMMAND] [ARG...]
#该命令必须指定要生成容器的 IMAGE。
#选项:
-i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached，通常和-t一起使用
-t, --tty 分配pseudo-TTY，通常和-i一起使用,注意对应的容器必须运行shell才支持进入
-d, --detach Run container in background and print container ID,台后运行，默认前台
--volume,-v		绑定装载卷
--rm		容器退出时自动移除容器
--publish,-p		将容器的端口发布到主机
--publish-all,-P		将所有公开的端口发布到随机端口
--env,-e		设置环境变量

示例

docker run -d -p 80:80 my_image service nginx start

#Ubuntu默认是前台运行，运行就退出，-i交互，-t分配终端
root@ubuntu2204:~# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   12 months ago   141MB
ubuntu       jammy     9d28ccdc1fc7   13 months ago   76.3MB
root@ubuntu2204:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED       STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
be01627007fb   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago   Up 9 minutes   80/tcp    priceless_nightingale
root@ubuntu2204:~# docker run ubuntu:jammy
root@ubuntu2204:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
feac00c812fa   ubuntu:jammy   "bash"                   3 seconds ago   Exited (0) 3 seconds ago             eager_shaw
be01627007fb   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago     Up 10 minutes              80/tcp    priceless_nightingale
root@ubuntu2204:~# 

#容器Ubuntu交互式
root@ubuntu2204:~# docker run -it ubuntu:jammy
root@52c36c5079d5:/# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib32  lib64  libx32  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
root@52c36c5079d5:/# pwd
/
root@52c36c5079d5:/# 
root@52c36c5079d5:/# exit
exit
root@ubuntu2204:~# 

#容器Ubuntu后台运行，-d

2.4.1 docker命令后台运行

#docker命令后台运行，-d

root@ubuntu2204:~# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
alpine       3.16.2    9c6f07244728   4 months ago    5.54MB
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   12 months ago   141MB
ubuntu       jammy     9d28ccdc1fc7   13 months ago   76.3MB


root@ubuntu2204:~# docker run -d alpine:3.16.2 sleep 100
b7788f0d576400168d52c2b748ae3aad0b900ac729db4e576a4ad2d21781005f
root@ubuntu2204:~