双向重发布实验：解决环路与实现最优路径-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_50570068/article/details/122869135

这是一个关于网络实验的介绍，主要内容包括：在R7上将环回接口重发布进OSPF，R2和R3进行双向重发布以避免环路，并通过调整优先级确保所有路径选择最优。实验最终实现R1到R7的负载均衡且无环路。

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双向重发布实验

一、实验要求
二、实验拓扑图及ip地址规划
三、实验思路及步骤

一、实验要求

1.两个协议间进行多点双向重发布

2.R7的环回没有宣告在OSPF协议中，而且是后期重发布进去

3.解决环路，所有路径选择最优，且存在备份

二、实验拓扑图及ip地址规划

在这里插入图片描述

三、实验思路及步骤

1、配置ip地址
R1

[R1]int lo0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip a 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
[R1-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
Feb 10 2022 21:13:53-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 13.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

[R2]int lo0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip a 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
[R2-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
Feb 10 2022 21:17:21-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 24.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
Feb 10 2022 21:18:00-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.

[R3]int lo0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip a 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
[R3-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 13.1.1.3 24
Feb 10 2022 21:19:10-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 34.1.1.3 24
Feb 10 2022 21:19:27-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.

[R4]int lo0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip a 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.0
[R4-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 34.1.1.4 24
Feb 10 2022 21:20:28-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 24.1.1.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Feb 10 2022 21:20:41-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip a 45.1.1.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
Feb 10 2022 21:22:37-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.

[R5]int lo0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip a 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.0
[R5-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 45.1.1.5 24
Feb 10 2022 21:21:45-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 56.1.1.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Feb 10 2022 21:21:56-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.

[R6]int lo0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip a 6.6.6.6 255.255.255.0
[R6-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 56.1.1.6 24
Feb 10 2022 21:23:28-08:00 R6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 67.1.1.6 24
Feb 10 2022 21:23:42-08:00 R6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.

[R7]int lo0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip a 7.7.7.7 255.255.255.0
[R7-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 67.1.1.7 24
Feb 10 2022 21:24:42-08:00 R7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

2、使用ping命令查看相邻路由是否接通
（这里用R1举例）
在这里插入图片描述
3、配置rip协议和ospf协议
R1

[R1]rip 1
[R1-rip-1]version 2
[R1-rip-1]network 1.0.0.0
[R1-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[R1-rip-1]network 13.0.0.0

R2
rip

[R2]rip 1
[R2-rip-1]version 2
[R2-rip-1]network 2.0.0.0
[R2-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0

ospf

[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net	
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 24.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

R3
rip

[R3]rip 1
[R3-rip-1]version 2
[R3-rip-1]network 13.0.0.0

ospf

[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[R4]ospf 1
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 24.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 45.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[R5]ospf 1
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 45.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 56.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]area 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 6.6.6.6 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 56.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 67.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]area 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net	
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 67.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

4、在R7上将R7的环回重发布进ospf

[R7-ospf-1]import-route direct

5、在R2、R3上做双向重发布
R2

[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]import-route rip 1
[R2-ospf-1]q
[R2]rip 1
[R2-rip-1]import-route ospf 1

[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]import-route rip 1
[R3-ospf-1]q
[R3]rip 1
[R3-rip-1]import-route ospf 1

6、解决环路
环路产生原因：
R7将他的直连路由发布到OSPF协议中时，该条路由的preference是150，在华为设备中，OSPF的优先级是10，rip的优先级是100，将OSPF重发布之后的优先级为150，所以R7将路由重发布之后，R2将其重发布到了RIP协议中，然后RIP又将其洗白之后重发布到了OSPF协议中，使得原来150 的优先级变成了100，所以R4路由器选择信任了由R3发布过来到的优先级为100的路由，导致出现了环路，所以，在R5上，出现了到达R7的负载均衡，分别指向R4和R6。（借鉴于—网工blog）

解决办法：
将出环路由的preference加大，让其不被路由器信任：
R2

[R2]ip ip-prefix a index 10 permit 7.7.7.0 24       //创建名为a 序号为10的前缀列表抓取流量
[R2]route-policy a permit node 10       //创建名为a 大动作为允许 序号为10的路由策略
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix a      //匹配名为a的前缀列表
[R2-route-policy]apply preference 151    //定义小动作为修改优先级为151
[R2]rip 1
[R2-rip-1]preference route-policy a   //进入rip调用名为a的路由策略修改优先级

[R3]ip ip-prefix a index 10 permit 7.7.7.0 24
[R3]route-policy a permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R3-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix a
[R3-route-policy]apply preference 151
[R3-route-policy]q
[R3]rip 1
[R3-rip-1]preference route-policy a

配置完成后，R1-R7为负载均衡，环路消失，并且可以ping通到7.7.7.7
在这里插入图片描述
7、所有路径选择最优

可以看出在R1向24和34网段是负载均衡，但是由拓扑图可以看出他们并不是负载均衡，R1向24网段走上为宜，R1向34网段走下为宜
R2配置

[R2]ip ip-prefix 1 index 10 permit 3.3.3.0 24
[R2]ip ip-prefix 1 index 20 permit 34.1.1.0 24
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip metricout ip-prefix 1 2

[R3]ip ip-prefix 1 index 10 permit 24.1.1.0 24
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip metricout ip-prefix 1 2

配置完成后查看R1路由表
在这里插入图片描述
至此，实验完成啦~