本文详细介绍了如何在LAMP平台上进行分离部署，包括在不同主机上安装httpd、MySQL和PHP，以及配置Apache，特别指出PHP需要httpd使用prefork MPM。部署过程涉及apr、apr-util的安装，以及配置虚拟主机和反向代理。
lamp平台构建
环境说明：
| 系统平台 | IP | 需要安装的服务 |
|---|---|---|
| centos8 redhat8 | 192.168.152.134 | httpd-2.4 |
| centos8 redhat8 | 192.168.152.135 | mysql-5.7 |
| centos8 redhat8 | 192.168.152.133 | php php-mysql |
lamp平台软件安装次序：
httpd --> mysql --> php 安装过程省略...注意：php要求httpd使用prefork MPM
1.安装httpd
- 134上操作
//创建apache服务的用户和组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache
[root@localhost ~]# id apache
uid=995(apache) gid=992(apache) groups=992(apache)
//安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++
//安装开发工具包
[root@localhost ~]# yum groups mark install 'Development Tools'
//安装常用工具
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install vim wget
//清空缓存，有利下载
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all- 按照顺序先安装apr，然后装apr-util，接着安装httpd，因为它们是依赖关系
//下载安装包
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2
//安装lbzip2包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install lbzip2
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2 httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2
//解压安装包
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2
apr-1.6.5 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2 httpd-2.4.46
//修改配置文件，指定安装位置，编译安装
[root@localhost ~]# cd apr-1.6.5
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# vim configure
cfgfile=${ofile}T
trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
$RM "$cfgfile" //找到此行删除
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# make && make install
//apr-util修改配置文件，指定安装路径，编译安装
[root@localhost ~]# cd apr-util-1.6.1
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
//httpd修改配置文件，指定安装路径，编译安装
[root@localhost ~]# cd httpd-2.4.46
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
> --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 \
> --enable-so \
> --enable-ssl \
> --enable-cgi \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --with-zlib \
> --with-pcre \
> --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
> --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
> --enable-modules=most \
> --enable-mpms-shared=all \
> --with-mpm=prefork
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# make && make install
//修改环境变量，读取变量
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# ls /usr/local/apache/
bin cgi-bin htdocs include man modules
build error icons logs manual
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# which httpd
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/include/ /usr/include/apache
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/include/
total 1752
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Oct 30 00:14 apache -> /usr/local/apache/include/
//取消ServerName前面的注释
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/#ServerName/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
ServerName www.example.com:80
//启动服务
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl start
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* 2.MySQL的安装
- 135主机上操作
//安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel
//创建用户和组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@localhost ~]# id mysql
uid=994(mysql) gid=991(mysql) groups=991(mysql)
//下载二进制格式的mysql软件包，把mysqld的解压包传到/下
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
//解压软件至/usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ls
apache bin include libexec share
apr etc lib mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 src
apr-util games lib64 sbin
//加软链接，修改mysql的属主和组
[root@localhost local]# ln -s mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql*
[root@localhost local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 152 Oct 30 00:08 apache
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 58 Oct 29 23:56 apr
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 43 Oct 29 23:58 apr-util
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 12 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 12 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 12 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 12 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 12 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 12 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 12 2018 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 35 Oct 30 14:10 mysql -> mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x 9 mysql mysql 129 Jun 2 21:11 mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 12 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Oct 27 23:14 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 12 2018 src
//添加环境变量
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# which mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
//建立数据存放目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/data/
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Oct 30 14:20 data
//初始化数据库，不要密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --datadir=/opt/data/ --user=mysql
2020-10-30T06:24:41.441442Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-10-30T06:24:41.792853Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-10-30T06:24:41.852408Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-10-30T06:24:41.943018Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 985afe34-1a78-11eb-a2a5-000c295cc318.
2020-10-30T06:24:41.944924Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-10-30T06:24:42.725220Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-10-30T06:24:43.232690Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
//把原有的my.cnf文件备份
[root@localhost ~]# mv /etc/my.cnf{,-bak}
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/my.cnf*
/etc/my.cnf-bak
/etc/my.cnf.d:
client.cnf
//编写配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
//加软连接，添加配置并重新读取配置
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql
bin docs include lib LICENSE man README share support-files
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/include/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig
//配置服务
[root@localhost ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld //找到以下两行加上路径
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/opt/data
//设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list
Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
systemd configuration.
If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
To see services enabled on particular target use
'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
//重启查看状态
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
//下载安装包，进入数据库修改密码
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ncurses-compat-libs
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
mysql> set password=password("123456");
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
//新密码登录验证
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> 3.安装php
- 133主机上操作
//下载依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php-mysqlnd
//下载php
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-7.2.8.tar.xz
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg httpd-2.4.46
apr-1.6.5 httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2
apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2 mysql.22
apr-util-1.6.1 mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 php-7.2.8.tar.xz
//安装编译软件
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make
//解压并编译安装php
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf php-7.2.8.tar.xz
[root@localhost ~]# cd php-7.2.8
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
> --with-config-file-path=/etc \
> --enable-fpm \
> --enable-inline-optimization \
> --disable-debug \
> --disable-rpath \
> --enable-shared \
> --enable-soap \
> --with-openssl \
> --enable-bcmath \
> --with-iconv \
> --with-bz2 \
> --enable-calendar \
> --with-curl \
> --enable-exif \
> --enable-ftp \
> --with-gd \
> --with-jpeg-dir \
> --with-png-dir \
> --with-zlib-dir \
> --with-freetype-dir \
> --with-gettext \
> --enable-json \
> --enable-mbstring \
> --enable-pdo \
> --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
> --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
> --with-readline \
> --enable-shmop \
> --enable-simplexml \
> --enable-sockets \
> --enable-zip \
> --enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
> --with-pear \
> --enable-pcntl \
> --enable-posix
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# make && make install
略...
Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/php7/etc/pear.conf
You may want to add: /usr/local/php7/lib/php to your php.ini include_path
/root/php-7.2.8/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php7/bin
ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php7/bin/phar
Installing PDO headers: /usr/local/php7/include/php/ext/pdo/
//安装后配置
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# ls /usr/local/php7/
bin etc include lib php sbin var
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# source /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# which php
/usr/local/php7/bin/php
//配置php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini //生产环境
cp: overwrite '/etc/php.ini'? y
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
//编辑php-fpm的配置文件，配置fpm的相关选项为你所需要的值：
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
文件最后加上这四行
pm.max_children = 50 //最多同时提供50个进程提供50个并发服务
pm.start_servers = 5 //启动时启动5个进程
pm.min_spare_servers = 2 //最小空闲进程数
pm.max_spare_servers = 8 //最大空闲进程数
//启动php-fpm
//默认情况下，fpm监听在127.0.0.1的9000端口，也可以使用如下命令验证其是否已经监听在相应的套接字
[root@localhost ~]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
//生成php测试页面，修改权限
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[root@localhost htdocs]# ls
index.html
[root@localhost htdocs]# vim index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/apache/
[root@localhost apache]# chown -R apache.apache htdocs/
[root@localhost apache]# ll
total 36
drwxr-xr-x 2 apache apache 24 Oct 30 17:04 htdocs
//修改配置监听端口，让httpd服务能找到
[root@localhost htdocs]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 //找到此行
listen = 0.0.0.0:9000 //修改为所有IP
[root@localhost htdocs]# service php-fpm restart //重启服务
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm done
[root@localhost htdocs]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
4.配置apache
-
134主机上操作
-
启用代理模块
//启用httpd的相关模块
//删除/etc/httpd24/httpd.conf文件里，此两行的注释
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/proxy_module/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/proxy_fcgi_module/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf- 配置虚拟主机，启动虚拟主机文件并设置虚拟主机和反向代理
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
# Virtual hosts
Include /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf //编辑配置文件，去掉此行注释
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
#
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"
ServerName www.example.com
ErrorLog "logs/www.example.com-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/www.example.com-access_log" common
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://192.168.152.133:9000/usr/local/php7/htdocs/$1
<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs">
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
//搜索AddType，添加以下内容
# If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
# probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
#
AddType application/x-compress .Z
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php //添加此行
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps //添加此行
//找到此行，加上index.php
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html //修改以后
</IfModule>
//重启apache服务
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl stop
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl start
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* *:3306 - 验证httpd主机IP能访问
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