多线程之死锁、生产者与消费者模型以及线程池

死锁产生的四个必要条件
  • 互斥条件:一个资源每次只能被一个进程使用
  • 请求与保持条件:一个进程因请求资源而阻塞时,对已获得的资源保持不放
  • 不剥夺条件:进程已获得的资源,在未使用完之前,不能强制剥夺
  • 循环等待条件:若干进程之间形成一种头尾相接的循环等待资源关系
实例
package com.yeyue.thread;

public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Makeup(0,"灰姑凉").start();
        new Makeup(1,"白雪公主").start();
    }

}

//口红
class Lipstick{

}

//镜子
class Mirror {

}

class Makeup extends Thread {

    //需要的资源只有一份,用static来保证只有一份
    static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();

    int choice;
    String girlName;

    Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice == 0) {
            synchronized (lipstick) {
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                synchronized (mirror) {
                    System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了镜子的锁");
                }
            }
        } else {
            synchronized (mirror) {
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                synchronized (lipstick) {
                    System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了口红的锁");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
避免死锁
package com.yeyue.thread;

public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Makeup(0,"灰姑凉").start();
        new Makeup(1,"白雪公主").start();
    }

}

//口红
class Lipstick{

}

//镜子
class Mirror {

}

class Makeup extends Thread {

    //需要的资源只有一份,用static来保证只有一份
    static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();

    int choice;
    String girlName;

    Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice == 0) {
            synchronized (lipstick) {
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                }
            synchronized (mirror) {
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了镜子的锁");
            }
        } else {
            synchronized (mirror) {
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                }
            synchronized (lipstick) {
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了口红的锁");
            }
        }
    }
}
synchronized与lock的对比
  • lock是显示锁(手动开启和关闭锁,别忘记关锁)synchronized是隐式锁,除了作用域自动释放

  • lock只有代码块锁,synchronized有代码块锁和方法锁

  • 使用lock锁,jvm将花费较少的时间来调度线程,性能更好。而且具有更好的扩展性(提供更多的子类)

  • 优先使用顺序:

    lock>同步代码块(已经进入方法体,分配了相应资源)>同步方法(在方法体之外)

    实例
    package com.yeyue.thread;
    
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
    
    public class TestLock {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();
    
            new Thread(testLock2).start();
            new Thread(testLock2).start();
            new Thread(testLock2).start();
        }
    }
    
    class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
    
        int ticketNums = 10;
        //定义lock锁
        private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while (true){
                try{
                    lock.lock();
                    if(ticketNums>0){
                        try {
                            Thread.sleep(1000);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        System.out.println(ticketNums--);
                    }else {
                        break;
                    }
                }finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
生产者消费者模型–>利用缓冲区解决:管程法
package com.yeyue.thread;

//测试:生产者消费者模型-->利用缓冲区解决:管程法

//生产者,消费者,产品,缓冲区
public class TestPC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynContainer container = new SynContainer();

        new Productor(container).start();
        new Consumer(container).start();

    }
}

//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;

    public Productor(SynContainer container){
        this.container = container;
    }

    //生产
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            container.push(new Chicken(i));
            System.out.println("生产了"+i+"只鸡");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;

    public Consumer(SynContainer container){
        this.container = container;
    }

    //消费
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("消费了-->"+container.pop().id+"只鸡");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

//产品
class Chicken{
    int id ; //产品ID

    public Chicken(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

//缓冲区
class SynContainer {

    //容器大小
    Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
    //容器计数器
    int count = 0;


    //生产者放入产品
    public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
        //如果产品满了,就需要生产者等待消费者消费
        if(count==chickens.length) {
            //通知消费者消费,生产等待
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果没有满,我们就需要丢入产品
        chickens[count]=chicken;
        count++;

        //可以通知消费者消费了
        this.notifyAll();
    }

    //消费者消费产品
    public synchronized Chicken pop(){
        //判断能否消费
        if(count==0){
            //等待生产者生产,消费者等待
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        //如果可以消费
        count--;
        Chicken chicken = chickens[count];

        //吃完了
        this.notifyAll();
        return chicken;
    }












}
测试:生产者消费者模型2–>信号灯法
package com.yeyue.thread;

//测试:生产者消费者模型2-->信号灯法
public class TestPC2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TV tv = new TV();
        new Player(tv).start();
        new Watcher(tv).start();
    }
}

//生产者:演员
class Player extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Player(TV tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    //表演节目
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            if(i%2==0){
                this.tv.play("快乐大本营");
            }else{
                this.tv.play("抖音:记录美好生活");
            }
        }
    }
}

//消费者:观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Watcher(TV tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    //观看
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            tv.watch();
        }
    }
}

//产品:节目
class TV {
    //演员表演,观众等待 T
    //观众观看,演员等待 F
    String voice; //表演的节目
    boolean flag = true;

    //表演
    public synchronized void play(String voice){

        //等待观众观看
        if (!flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        System.out.println("演员表演了:" + voice);

        this.notifyAll(); //通知观众观看
        this.voice = voice;
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }

    //观看
    public synchronized  void watch(){
        if(flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("观看了"+voice);

        this.notifyAll(); //通知演员表演
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }

}
线程池
package com.yeyue.thread;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class TestPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1、创建服务,创建线程池
        //newFixedThreadPool 参数:线程池大小
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

        //执行
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());

        //2、关闭链接
        service.shutdown();

    }
}

class MyThread implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}
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