rhel8.3部署oracle19c(带图手把手教)

于 2024-05-23 10:15:06 发布
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文章标签： 运维 数据库 服务器 linux
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一、安装前的准备工作 1.1 创建RAID5磁盘阵列

使用mdadm命令创建磁盘阵列

[root@orcl180 ~]# mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -n 4 -l 5 /dev/sd[b-e]

使用mdadm -Q和mdadm -D命令查看磁盘信息

[root@orcl180 ~]# mdadm -Q /dev/md0
/dev/md0: 59.95GiB raid5 4 devices, 0 spares. Use mdadm --detail for more detail.
[root@orcl180 ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Fri May 17 10:30:15 2024
        Raid Level : raid5
        Array Size : 62862336 (59.95 GiB 64.37 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 20954112 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
      Raid Devices : 4
     Total Devices : 4
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent
​
       Update Time : Thu May 23 09:42:34 2024
             State : clean 
    Active Devices : 4
   Working Devices : 4
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0
​
            Layout : left-symmetric
        Chunk Size : 512K
​
Consistency Policy : resync
​
              Name : orcl180:0  (local to host orcl180)
              UUID : 174e985b:af7dc4a8:3198b291:11909b38
            Events : 30
​
    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0     259        3        0      active sync   /dev/nvme0n2
       1     259        4        1      active sync   /dev/nvme0n3
       2     259        5        2      active sync   /dev/nvme0n4
       4     259        6        3      active sync   /dev/nvme0n5
 

格式化磁盘阵列
 

[root@orcl180 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
[root@orcl180 ~]# lsblk
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sr0            11:0    1  8.8G  0 rom   /media/iso
nvme0n1       259:0    0   60G  0 disk  
├─nvme0n1p1   259:1    0    1G  0 part  /boot
└─nvme0n1p2   259:2    0   59G  0 part  
  ├─rhel-root 253:0    0 33.6G  0 lvm   /
  ├─rhel-swap 253:1    0    8G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
  └─rhel-home 253:2    0 17.4G  0 lvm   /home
nvme0n2       259:3    0   20G  0 disk  
└─md0           9:0    0   60G  0 raid5 /u01
nvme0n3       259:4    0   20G  0 disk  
└─md0           9:0    0   60G  0 raid5 /u01
nvme0n4       259:5    0   20G  0 disk  
└─md0           9:0    0   60G  0 raid5 /u01
nvme0n5       259:6    0   20G  0 disk  
└─md0           9:0    0   60G  0 raid5 /u01
 

在“/”目录下创建u01目录，并将md0挂载到/u01，保持开机自动挂载。
 

[root@orcl180 ~]# mkdir /u01
[root@orcl180 ~]# mount /dev/md0 /u01
[root@orcl180 ~]# echo "/dev/md0 /u01 ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
[root@orcl180 ~]#
 

1.2 配置YUM源仓库 创建iso文件并挂载本地镜像盘，保持开机自动启动
 

[root@orcl180 ~]# mkdir -p /media/iso
[root@orcl180 ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /media/iso/
mount: /media/iso: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@orcl180 ~]# echo "/dev/sr0 /media/iso iso9660 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
[root@orcl180 ~]#
配置yum仓库
​
[root@orcl180 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@orcl180 yum.repos.d]# vim rhel8.repo
[BaseOS]
name=BaseOS
baseurl=file:///media/iso/BaseOS
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[AppStream]
name=AppStream
baseurl=file:///media/iso/AppStream
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@orcl180 yum.repos.d]#
 

测试yum仓库配置是否成功，安装java软件。
 

[root@orcl180 yum.repos.d]# cd
[root@orcl180 ~]# dnf install java -y
 

1.3 安装ORACLE数据库相关依赖包
 

使用dnf install命令安装相关依赖包
 

[root@orcl180 ~]# dnf install -y gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel ksh libaio-devel libstdc++-devel make sysstat elfutils-libelf-devel fontconfig-devel libXrender-devel
 

compat-libcap1和compat-libstdc++-33无法使用yum仓库安装，从网上下载rpm软件包，上传至服务器/home/milk/soft目录下，使用rpm命令进行安装。
 

[root@orcl180 ~]# mkdir -p /home/milk/soft
[root@orcl180 ~]# cd /home/milk/soft/
[root@orcl180 soft]# rpm -ivh compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64.rpm compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm
 

  1.  
    4 安装xclock软件包，以便于oracle图形化安装 使用dnf install命令安装xterm
     
 

[root@orcl180 ~]# dnf install -y xterm
[root@orcl180 ~]#
使用rpm命令安装xorg-x11-xbitmaps-1.1.1-6.el7.noarch.rpm和xorg-x11-apps-7.7-21.el8.x86_64.rpm
[root@orcl180 soft]# rpm -ivh xorg-x11-xbitmaps-1.1.1-13.el8.noarch.rpm xorg-x11-apps-7.7-21.el8.x86_64.rpm
[root@orcl180 soft]#
 

使用dnf命令安装libnsl包
 

[root@orcl180 soft]# dnf install -y libnsl
 

二、 创建oracle用户和组 2.1 创建ORACLE用户和组
 

[root@orcl180 soft]# groupadd oinstall
[root@orcl180 soft]# groupadd dba
[root@orcl180 soft]# groupadd asmdba
[root@orcl180 soft]# groupadd backupdba
[root@orcl180 soft]# groupadd dgdba
[root@orcl180 soft]# groupadd kmdba
[root@orcl180 soft]# groupadd racdba
[root@orcl180 soft]# groupadd oper
[root@orcl180 soft]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper -m oracle
 

2.2 设置ORACLE用户密码
 

[root@orcl180 soft]# passwd oracle
 

三、配置文件和禁用服务 3.1 配置域名解析文件
 

[root@orcl180 soft]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.100.253 orcl180
~
# 关闭selinux
[root@orcl180 soft]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

# 禁用防火墙
[root@orcl180 soft]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@orcl180 soft]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
 

四、 配置系统内核参数和用户环境变量 4.1 配置系统内核参数
 

[root@orcl180 soft]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf

# sysctl settings are defined through files in

# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.

#

# Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.

# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in

# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override

# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later

# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.

#

# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 16451328
kernel.shmmax = 33692319744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[root@orcl180 soft]# sysctl -p
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 16451328
kernel.shmmax = 33692319744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[root@orcl180 soft]#
 

4.2 配置用户环境变量
 

[root@orcl180 soft]# su - oracle
[oracle@orcl180 ~]$ pwd
/home/oracle
[oracle@orcl180 ~]$ vim .bash_profile

# User specific environment and startup programs

ORACLE_SID=orcl180;export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl180;export ORACLE_UNQNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY:MM:DDHH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK; export NLS_LANG
TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export TNS_ADMIN
ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; export ORA_NLS11
PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export CLASSPATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
umask 022

 

4.3 创建工作目录并赋予相应的权限

 

[root@orcl180 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/db_1
[root@orcl180 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/
[root@orcl180 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/
[root@orcl180 ~]#
 

五、安装ORACLE19C 5.1 在oracle用户下解压“LINUX.X64_193000_db_home”
 

[oracle@orcl180 database]$ unzip LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME
  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/db_1/lib/libclntsh.so.10.1 -> libclntsh.so
  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/db_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1 -> libclntsh.so
  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/db_1/lib/libclntsh.so.12.1 -> libclntsh.so
  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/db_1/lib/libclntsh.so.18.1 -> libclntsh.so
  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/db_1/precomp/public/SQLCA.H -> sqlca.h
  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/db_1/precomp/public/SQLDA.H -> sqlda.h
  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/db_1/precomp/public/ORACA.H -> oraca.h
  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/db_1/precomp/public/SQLCA.COB -> sqlca.cob
  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/db_1/precomp/public/ORACA.COB -> oraca.cob
  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/db_1/javavm/admin/classes.bin -> ../../javavm/jdk/jdk8/admin/classes.bin
  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/db_1/javavm/admin/libjtcjt.so -> ../../javavm/jdk/jdk8/admin/libjtcjt.so
  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/db_1/jdk/jre/bin/ControlPanel -> jcontrol
  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/db_1/javavm/admin/lfclasses.bin -> ../../javavm/jdk/jdk8/admin/lfclasses.bin
  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/db_1/javavm/lib/security/cacerts -> ../../../javavm/jdk/jdk8/lib/security/cacerts
  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/db_1/javavm/lib/sunjce_provider.jar -> ../../javavm/jdk/jdk8/lib/sunjce_provider.jar
  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/db_1/javavm/lib/security/README.txt -> ../../../javavm/jdk/jdk8/lib/security/README.txt
  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/db_1/javavm/lib/security/java.security -> ../../../javavm/jdk/jdk8/lib/security/java.security
  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/db_1/jdk/jre/lib/amd64/server/libjsig.so -> ../libjsig.so
[oracle@orcl180 database]$
 

5.2 启动./runInstaller报错“INS-0810”和X11报错
 

# 报错信息
ERROR: Unable to verify the graphical display setup. This application requires X display. Make sure that xdpyinfo exist under PATH variable. No X11 DISPLAY variable was set, but this program performed an operation which requires it.

# 设置显示窗口 root用户
export DISPLAY=:0.0
echo $DISPLAY
 
xhost +
 
# 切换oracle用户
su - oracle
# oracle用户下
export DISPLAY=:0.0
echo $DISPLAY
 
xhost +


[oracle@orcl180 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@orcl180 db_1]$ ./runInstaller 
ERROR: Unable to verify the graphical display setup. This application requires X display. Make sure that xdpyinfo exist under PATH variable.

# 报错为INS-08101
在ORACLE用户环境下执行“export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=RHEL8.3”命令
 

5.3 开始图形安装
 

[oracle@orcl180 db_1]$ ./runInstaller
 

选择“进设置软件”，点击下一步。
 

 

选择“单实例数据库安装”，下一步
 

 

选择“企业版”，下一步
 

 

安装路径默认，下一步
 

 

默认“产品清单目录”，下一步
 

 

默认“已授权的操作系统组”，下一步
 

 

不要勾选“自动运行配置脚本”，下一步
 

 

默认下一步
 

 

默认下一步
 

 

默认下一步
 

 

Root用户下执行，两个脚本
 

 

[root@orcl180 ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@orcl180 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: /usr/local/bin
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...


Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
 

执行完后，点击确定，下一步。
 

 

点击“关闭”，完成oracle数据库软件的安装。
 

[oracle@orcl180 db_1]$ ./runInstaller 
Launching Oracle Database Setup Wizard...

The response file for this session can be found at:
 /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/install/response/db_2024-05-22_11-20-43AM.rsp

You can find the log of this install session at:
 /tmp/InstallActions2024-05-22_11-20-43AM/installActions2024-05-22_11-20-43AM.log
Moved the install session logs to:
 /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/InstallActions2024-05-22_11-20-43AM
 

六、配置监听 oracle用户执行netca
 

[oracle@orcl180 db_1]$ netca
 

 

选择“监听程序配置”，下一步
 

 

“添加”，下一步
 

 

监听程序名默认，下一步
 

 

默认，下一步
 

 

使用默认端口，下一步
 

 

选择“否”，下一步
 

 

 

点击“完成”，监听程序配置完成。
 

七、创建数据库 oracle用户执行dbca
 

[oracle@orcl180 db_1]$ dbca
 

 

选择“创建数据库”，下一步
 

 

选择“高级配置”，下一步
 

 

默认，下一步
 

 

给“全局数据库名”和“SID”命名为“orcl180”，根据自己的需要选择是否创建成容器数据库。不需要的话就取消，下一步
 

 

默认，下一步。
 

 

根据实际需要开启归档和闪回区，下一步
 

 

默认，下一步
 

 

默认，下一步
 

 

设置内存大小，选择“字符集”标签
 

 

字符集字符设置，下一步
 

 

默认，下一步
 

 

设置用户密码，此处选择“所有账户使用同一管理口令”，下一步
 

 

默认，下一步
 

 

下一步
 

 

创建数据库过程，等待。
 

 

至此，ORACLE数据库全部安装完成。
 

八、测试ORACLE数据库 使用火狐浏览器访问https://localhost:5500/em/login，如下图
 

 

使用sqlplus命令登录数据库
 

 


                

        

    

  


            

                    
            


    



            

  



          




        



    





    



      

      

        
      

      





	

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