俩种状态机文件

第一种:

{
  "nodes": [
    {
      "type": "node",
      "size": "110*48",
      "shape": "flow-capsule",
      "color": "red",
      "label": "Compensation\nTrigger",
      "stateId": "CompensationTrigger1",
      "stateType": "CompensationTrigger",
      "x": 528.375,
      "y": 284.5,
      "id": "78329956"
    },
    {
      "type": "node",
      "size": "72*72",
      "shape": "flow-circle",
      "color": "#FA8C16",
      "label": "Start",
      "stateId": "Start1",
      "stateType": "Start",
      "stateProps": {
        "StateMachine": {
          "Name": "transferBySaga",
          "Comment": "a simple transfer demo by saga",
          "Version": "0.0.1"
        }
      },
      "x": 354.375,
      "y": 56,
      "id": "e3c845c6"
    },
    {
      "type": "node",
      "size": "110*48",
      "shape": "flow-rect",
      "color": "#1890FF",
      "label": "amountMinus",
      "stateId": "amountMinus",
      "stateType": "ServiceTask",
      "stateProps": {
        "ServiceName": "firstSagaAction",
        "ServiceMethod": "amountMinus",
        "Input": [
          "$.[_business_key_]",
          "$.[from]",
          "$.[amount]",
          {
            "sleepTime": "$.[extParams][amountMinusSleepTime]",
            "throwException": "$.[extParams][amountMinusThrowException]"
          }
        ],
        "Output": {
          "amountMinusResult": "$.#root"
        },
        "Status": {
          "$Exception{java.lang.Throwable}": "UN",
          "#root == true": "SU",
          "#root != true": "FA"
        },
        "Retry": [
          {
            "IntervalSeconds": 1,
            "MaxAttempts": 3,
            "BackoffRate": 1.5
          }
        ]
      },
      "x": 354.375,
      "y": 165,
      "id": "58a2086e"
    },
    {
      "type": "node",
      "size": "80*72",
      "shape": "flow-rhombus",
      "color": "#13C2C2",
      "label": "Choice",
      "stateId": "Choice1",
      "stateType": "Choice",
      "x": 354.375,
      "y": 284.5,
      "id": "eb17480a"
    },
    {
      "type": "node",
      "size": "110*48",
      "shape": "flow-rect",
      "color": "#1890FF",
      "label": "amountAdd",
      "stateId": "amountAdd",
      "stateType": "ServiceTask",
      "stateProps": {
        "ServiceName": "secondSagaAction",
        "ServiceMethod": "amountAdd",
        "Input": [
          "$.[_business_key_]",
          "$.[to]",
          "$.[amount]",
          {
            "sleepTime": "$.[extParams][amountAddSleepTime]",
            "throwException": "$.[extParams][amountAddThrowException]"
          }
        ],
        "Output": {
          "amountAddResult": "$.#root"
        },
        "Status": {
          "$Exception{java.lang.Throwable}": "UN",
          "#root == true": "SU",
          "#root != true": "FA"
        },
        "Retry": [
          {
            "IntervalSeconds": 1,
            "MaxAttempts": 3,
            "BackoffRate": 1.5
          }
        ]
      },
      "x": 354.375,
      "y": 408.5,
      "id": "a307dd5b"
    },
    {
      "type": "node",
      "size": "80*72",
      "shape": "flow-rhombus",
      "color": "#13C2C2",
      "label": "Choice",
      "stateId": "Choice2",
      "stateType": "Choice",
      "x": 354.375,
      "y": 530.5,
      "id": "3a1ccb40"
    },
    {
      "type": "node",
      "size": "72*72",
      "shape": "flow-circle",
      "color": "#05A465",
      "label": "Succeed",
      "stateId": "Succeed1",
      "stateType": "Succeed",
      "x": 354.375,
      "y": 649.5,
      "id": "c55b2604"
    },
    {
      "type": "node",
      "size": "110*48",
      "shape": "flow-capsule",
      "color": "#722ED1",
      "label": "compensateMinus",
      "stateId": "compensateMinus",
      "stateType": "Compensation",
      "stateProps": {
        "ServiceName": "firstSagaAction",
        "ServiceMethod": "compensateAmountMinus",
        "Input": [
          "$.[_business_key_]",
          "$.[from]"
        ],
        "Output": {
          "compensateAmountMinusResult": "$.#root"
        },
        "Status": {
          "#root == true": "SU",
          "#root != true": "FA"
        },
        "Retry": [
          {
            "IntervalSeconds": 1,
            "MaxAttempts": 3,
            "BackoffRate": 1.5
          }
        ]
      },
      "x": 176.375,
      "y": 99,
      "id": "07a2561b"
    },
    {
      "type": "node",
      "size": "110*48",
      "shape": "flow-capsule",
      "color": "#722ED1",
      "label": "compensateAdd",
      "stateId": "compensateAdd",
      "stateType": "Compensation",
      "stateProps": {
        "ServiceName": "secondSagaAction",
        "ServiceMethod": "compensateAmountAdd",
        "Input": [
          "$.[_business_key_]",
          "$.[to]"
        ],
        "Output": {
          "compensateAmountAddResult": "$.#root"
        },
        "Status": {
          "#root == true": "SU",
          "#root != true": "FA"
        },
        "Retry": [
          {
            "IntervalSeconds": 1,
            "MaxAttempts": 3,
            "BackoffRate": 1.5
          }
        ]
      },
      "x": 177.375,
      "y": 351,
      "id": "dac44a1a"
    },
    {
      "type": "node",
      "size": "39*39",
      "shape": "flow-circle",
      "color": "red",
      "label": "Catch",
      "stateId": "Catch1",
      "stateType": "Catch",
      "x": 412.375,
      "y": 195,
      "id": "c2f35514"
    },
    {
      "type": "node",
      "size": "39*39",
      "shape": "flow-circle",
      "color": "red",
      "label": "Catch",
      "stateId": "Catch2",
      "stateType": "Catch",
      "x": 415.375,
      "y": 438.5,
      "id": "93b63a93"
    },
    {
      "type": "node",
      "size": "72*72",
      "shape": "flow-circle",
      "color": "red",
      "label": "Fail",
      "stateId": "Fail1",
      "stateType": "Fail",
      "stateProps": {
        "ErrorCode": "TRANSFER_FAILED",
        "Message": "transfer failed, and rollbacked"
      },
      "x": 603.375,
      "y": 649.5,
      "id": "53d0b2c1"
    }
  ],
  "edges": [
    {
      "source": "c2f35514",
      "sourceAnchor": 1,
      "target": "78329956",
      "targetAnchor": 0,
      "id": "b4865277",
      "stateProps": {
        "Exceptions": [
          "java.lang.Throwable"
        ]
      },
      "label": "",
      "shape": "flow-polyline-round"
    },
    {
      "source": "eb17480a",
      "sourceAnchor": 1,
      "target": "78329956",
      "targetAnchor": 3,
      "id": "fd4278d3",
      "stateProps": {
        "Expression": "[amountMinusResult] == false",
        "Default": false
      },
      "label": "failed",
      "shape": "flow-polyline-round"
    },
    {
      "source": "93b63a93",
      "sourceAnchor": 1,
      "target": "78329956",
      "targetAnchor": 3,
      "id": "512f774a",
      "stateProps": {
        "Exceptions": [
          "java.lang.Throwable"
        ]
      },
      "label": "",
      "shape": "flow-polyline-round"
    },
    {
      "source": "3a1ccb40",
      "sourceAnchor": 1,
      "target": "78329956",
      "targetAnchor": 2,
      "id": "7f4ba0bc",
      "stateProps": {
        "Expression": "[amountAddResult] == false",
        "Default": false
      },
      "label": "failed",
      "shape": "flow-polyline-round"
    },
    {
      "source": "e3c845c6",
      "sourceAnchor": 2,
      "target": "58a2086e",
      "targetAnchor": 0,
      "id": "5234f532"
    },
    {
      "source": "58a2086e",
      "sourceAnchor": 2,
      "target": "eb17480a",
      "targetAnchor": 0,
      "id": "f2c43c0d",
      "label": "",
      "shape": "flow-polyline-round"
    },
    {
      "source": "eb17480a",
      "sourceAnchor": 2,
      "target": "a307dd5b",
      "targetAnchor": 0,
      "id": "253d337b",
      "stateProps": {
        "Expression": "[amountMinusResult] == true",
        "Default": false
      },
      "label": "success",
      "shape": "flow-polyline-round"
    },
    {
      "source": "a307dd5b",
      "sourceAnchor": 2,
      "target": "3a1ccb40",
      "targetAnchor": 0,
      "id": "3ac7b857",
      "label": "",
      "shape": "flow-polyline-round"
    },
    {
      "source": "3a1ccb40",
      "sourceAnchor": 2,
      "target": "c55b2604",
      "targetAnchor": 0,
      "id": "8655605c",
      "stateProps": {
        "Expression": "[amountAddResult] == true",
        "Default": false
      },
      "label": "success",
      "shape": "flow-polyline-round"
    },
    {
      "source": "78329956",
      "sourceAnchor": 1,
      "target": "53d0b2c1",
      "targetAnchor": 0,
      "id": "359090fb",
      "label": "",
      "shape": "flow-polyline-round"
    },
    {
      "source": "58a2086e",
      "sourceAnchor": 3,
      "target": "07a2561b",
      "targetAnchor": 2,
      "id": "ae7a01c9",
      "shape": "flow-polyline-round",
      "style": {
        "lineDash": "4",
        "type": "Compensation",
        "endArrow": false
      }
    },
    {
      "source": "a307dd5b",
      "sourceAnchor": 3,
      "target": "dac44a1a",
      "targetAnchor": 2,
      "id": "7e6157fd",
      "shape": "flow-polyline-round",
      "style": {
        "lineDash": "4",
        "type": "Compensation",
        "endArrow": false
      }
    }
  ]
}

 Saga 状态机的 JSON 定义,描述了一个基于 Saga 模式的转账流程(transferBySaga),包含了事务步骤、补偿操作、分支判断等节点,完整呈现了 Saga 事务的编排逻辑。以下是详细解析:

一、整体流程:转账 Saga 事务的执行逻辑

这个 Saga 状态机定义了一个 “转账” 场景:从账户 A 扣钱(amountMinus)→ 向账户 B 加钱(amountAdd),若任何步骤失败,则触发对应的补偿操作(恢复账户 A 的钱、扣减账户 B 的钱),最终返回成功或失败。

二、核心节点解析

1. 开始与结束节点
  • Start1(开始节点):状态机入口,定义了 Saga 事务的基本信息:

    json

    "stateProps": {
      "StateMachine": {
        "Name": "transferBySaga",  // 事务名称:转账 Saga
        "Comment": "a simple transfer demo by saga",  // 描述:简单转账示例
        "Version": "0.0.1"  // 版本号
      }
    }
    
  • Succeed1(成功节点):所有步骤执行成功后进入此节点,事务结束。

  • Fail1(失败节点):任何步骤失败且补偿完成后进入此节点,返回错误信息(TRANSFER_FAILED)。

2. 业务步骤节点(ServiceTask

这是 Saga 事务的核心执行步骤,对应具体的业务操作:

  • amountMinus(扣钱操作):调用 firstSagaAction 组件的 amountMinus 方法(即你之前提供的 FirstSagaActionImpl 中的扣钱逻辑):

    • 输入参数:业务唯一标识(_business_key_)、扣款账户(from)、金额(amount)、扩展参数(如超时配置)。
    • 输出参数:将扣钱结果存入 amountMinusResult 变量,供后续判断。
    • 状态判断
      • 抛出异常 → 状态 UN(未知);
      • 返回 true → 状态 SU(成功);
      • 返回 false → 状态 FA(失败)。
    • 重试策略:失败后重试 3 次,间隔 1 秒,重试间隔倍率 1.5(即 1s → 1.5s → 2.25s)。
  • amountAdd(加钱操作):调用 secondSagaAction 组件的 amountAdd 方法(向目标账户加钱),配置与 amountMinus 类似,输出结果存入 amountAddResult

3. 分支判断节点(Choice

根据步骤执行结果决定后续流程:

  • Choice1:判断 amountMinus 的执行结果(amountMinusResult):

    • 若 true(成功)→ 进入 amountAdd 步骤;
    • 若 false(失败)→ 触发 CompensationTrigger(补偿触发器)。
  • Choice2:判断 amountAdd 的执行结果(amountAddResult):

    • 若 true(成功)→ 进入 Succeed1(事务成功);
    • 若 false(失败)→ 触发 CompensationTrigger
4. 补偿相关节点
  • CompensationTrigger1(补偿触发器):接收失败信号后,触发逆序补偿操作(先补偿 amountAdd,再补偿 amountMinus)。

  • compensateMinus(扣钱的补偿):调用 firstSagaAction 的 compensateAmountMinus 方法(恢复账户 A 的金额,对应你提供的补偿逻辑),输入参数为 _business_key_ 和 from(扣款账户)。

  • compensateAdd(加钱的补偿):调用 secondSagaAction 的 compensateAmountAdd 方法(扣减账户 B 多加上的金额)。

  • Catch1/Catch2(异常捕获):捕获 amountMinus/amountAdd 执行中的异常(如抛出 Throwable),将异常信号传递给 CompensationTrigger1,触发补偿。

5. 边(Edges):节点间的流转规则
  • 实线箭头:正常流程(如 Start1 → amountMinus → Choice1)。
  • 虚线箭头:补偿关联(如 amountMinus 关联 compensateMinus,表示若 amountMinus 需补偿,调用此补偿方法)。
  • 条件判断:如 Choice1 到 amountAdd 的边标记 success(条件 amountMinusResult == true),到 CompensationTrigger1 的边标记 failed(条件 amountMinusResult == false)。

三、执行流程示例

1. 正常成功流程

Start1 → amountMinus(成功)→ Choice1(走 success 分支)→ amountAdd(成功)→ Choice2(走 success 分支)→ Succeed1

2. amountAdd 失败流程

Start1 → amountMinus(成功)→ Choice1 → amountAdd(失败)→ Choice2(走 failed 分支)→ CompensationTrigger1 → 触发 compensateAdd(补偿加钱)→ 触发 compensateMinus(补偿扣钱)→ Fail1

3. amountMinus 抛出异常流程

Start1 → amountMinus(抛异常)→ Catch1 → CompensationTrigger1 → 触发 compensateMinus(补偿扣钱)→ Fail1

四、与代码的关联

  • 此 JSON 定义的 ServiceName(如 firstSagaAction)对应 Spring 容器中的 Bean 名称,ServiceMethod(如 amountMinus)对应 Bean 中的方法,与你之前提供的 FirstSagaActionImpl 代码完全对应。
  • 补偿方法 compensateAmountMinus 也通过 Compensation 节点关联,实现了 “执行步骤与补偿步骤” 的绑定。

第二种:

你提到的 Seata 中通过 CompensateState 进行回滚的机制,确实体现了 Seata Saga 与你提供的 JSON 配置在 补偿触发逻辑 上的核心差异。这种差异源于 Seata 对 Saga 模式的 “状态驱动补偿” 设计,与你提供的 “结果判断驱动补偿” 形成对比,具体区别如下:

一、Seata Saga 中 CompensateState 的作用

在 Seata Saga 模式中,每个分支事务(ServiceTask)的执行状态会被框架记录在 SagaStateMachineInstance 中,其中 CompensateState 是核心状态字段,用于标识当前步骤是否需要补偿、正在补偿或已补偿。常见状态包括:

  • NONE:未执行或无需补偿;
  • STARTED:补偿已开始;
  • SUCCEEDED:补偿成功;
  • FAILED:补偿失败。

补偿触发逻辑:Seata Saga 并不依赖业务返回结果(如 SU/FA)来判断是否补偿,而是通过 全局事务状态 + 分支执行状态 自动驱动补偿:

  1. 当任意分支事务执行抛出异常(未正常完成),全局事务状态标记为 ROLLBACKING
  2. 框架根据 SagaStateMachineInstance 记录的分支执行顺序,逆序查询所有已成功执行的分支CompensateState=NONE 且执行成功);
  3. 对这些分支依次触发补偿,并更新其 CompensateState(如 STARTEDSUCCEEDED)。

简言之,Seata 通过 “状态追踪” 决定补偿对象,而非业务结果判断。

二、你提供的 JSON 配置:基于业务结果(SU/FA)触发补偿

你提供的 JSON 配置中,补偿触发依赖 显式的业务结果判断(如 [amountMinusResult] == false),这是典型的 “规则驱动补偿”

  1. 每个 ServiceTask 执行后,通过 Status 配置将业务结果映射为 SU(成功)、FA(失败)、UN(未知);
  2. Choice 节点通过判断这些状态(如 amountMinusResult == false)决定是否走向 CompensationTrigger
  3. CompensationTrigger 再按预设的补偿关联(虚线箭头)触发逆序补偿。

这种方式中,补偿的触发完全依赖业务返回的 “成功 / 失败” 结果,框架不主动追踪分支状态,而是按配置的规则执行。

三、核心差异对比

维度Seata Saga(CompensateState 驱动)你提供的 JSON 配置(业务结果驱动)
补偿触发依据框架自动追踪分支执行状态(CompensateState),无需业务判断依赖业务返回结果(SU/FA),通过 Choice 节点显式配置触发规则
状态管理框架维护全局事务状态和分支补偿状态(持久化到数据库)业务需自行通过流水表记录状态(如你提供的 AccountTransaction
业务侵入性低(无需业务代码返回结果标识,异常即可触发补偿)高(需业务代码返回 true/false,并在配置中定义判断规则)
灵活性适合简单线性流程(自动逆序补偿)适合复杂流程(可自定义补偿触发条件,如部分失败不补偿)

四、为什么 Seata 选择 CompensateState 机制?

Seata 作为分布式事务框架,设计目标是 “简化开发者工作量”

  • 开发者无需手动定义补偿触发规则(如 Choice 节点的 success/failed 判断),只需保证业务方法抛出异常(表示失败);
  • 框架通过状态追踪自动完成 “哪些步骤需要补偿”“按什么顺序补偿”,减少人为配置错误;
  • 与 Seata 其他模式(如 AT)的状态管理逻辑统一,便于全局事务监控和恢复。

总结

Seata Saga 中通过 CompensateState 驱动回滚,与你提供的 JSON 配置中通过 SU/FA 状态判断补偿,本质是 “框架自动管理” 与 “人工规则配置” 的区别:

  • Seata 更注重 “无侵入”,通过状态追踪简化开发;
  • 你提供的 JSON 配置更注重 “灵活性”,适合复杂流程的定制化补偿规则。

两种方式各有适用场景,但核心都遵循 Saga 模式 “正向执行、反向补偿” 的基本原则。

评论
成就一亿技术人!
拼手气红包6.0元
还能输入1000个字符
 
红包 添加红包
表情包 插入表情
 条评论被折叠 查看
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值