selenium学习 ——二次封装selenium功能

selenium官网介绍和说明：https://www.selenium.dev/zh-cn/documentation/webdriver/getting_started/first_script/
webdriver驱动文件的路径是相对的，webdriver驱动文件的获取是自动下载的代码下载保存的，可参考：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_45531218/article/details/133977104

改了初始化函数，之前的用的旧的方法（webdriver.Chrome(executable_path = ‘路径’)），要么就是报错，要么就是提示不适用了。现在换成新版的写法（webdriver.Chrome(service = chromeService)）。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains, Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

class BasePage():
    '''将selenium的功能二次封装成'''

   def __init__(self, driver_='Chrome'):
        # 初始化函数
        options = Options()
        options.add_experimental_option('detach', True)#在驱动过程结束后保持浏览器的打开状态。让浏览器不在代码执行完后自动退出，除非执行quit()

        if driver_.lower() == 'edge':
            edgeService = EdgeService(executable_path = dirname(dirname(__file__)) + "\\webdrivers\\driver_files\\msedgedriver.exe")
            self.driver =  webdriver.Edge(service = edgeService, options=options)
        elif driver_.lower() == 'firefox':
            firefoxService = FirefoxService(executable_path = dirname(dirname(__file__)) + "\\webdrivers\\driver_files\\geckodriver.exe")
            self.driver = webdriver.Firefox(service = firefoxService)
        else:
            chromeService = ChromeService(executable_path = dirname(dirname(__file__)) + "\\webdrivers\\driver_files\\chromedriver.exe")
            self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(service = chromeService)

    def open(self, url):
        # 打开浏览器，并且访问url
        self.driver.get(url)

    def quit(self):
        self.driver.quit()

    def find_element(self, by, value):
        '''
        返回查找到的元素
        by 方式，可选值为：id、name、class_name、tag_name、link_text、partial_link_text,css_selector、xpath
        '''
        if by == 'ID':
            return self.driver.find_element(By.ID, value)
        elif by == 'NAME':
            return self.driver.find_element(By.NAME, value)
        elif by == 'CLASS_NAME':
            return self.driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, value)
        elif by == 'TAG_NAME':
            return self.driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, value)
        elif by == 'LINK_TEXT':
            return self.driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, value)
        elif by == 'PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT':
            return self.driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, value)
        elif by == 'CSS_SELECTOR':
            return self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, value)
        elif by == 'XPATH':
            return self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, value)
        else:
            return None

    def set_window_size(self, weight, height):
        ''' 设置宽高 '''
        if weight >= 0 and height >= 0:
            self.driver.set_window_size(weight, height)
        else:
            self.driver.maximize_window()

    def back(self):
        ''' 后退 '''
        self.driver.back()

    def forward(self):
        ''' 前进 '''
        self.driver.forward()

    def refresh(self):
        ''' 刷新页面 '''
        self.driver.refresh()

    ######键盘操作#################
    def send_keys(self, by, value, text):
        '''  输入文本 '''
        self.find_element(by, value).send_keys(text)

    def send_ctrl(self, by, value, str):
        '''  输入ctrl + 一个字符 '''
        self.find_element(by, value).send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, str)

    def clear(self, by, value):
        self.find_element(by,value).clear()
        # self.driver.find_element(by, value).clear() #这种写法的入参，by = By.ID ,需要在创建类的文件中导入By（from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By）

    #######鼠标操作###########
    def click(self, by, value):
        ''' 单击元素 '''
        self.find_element(by, value).click()

    def context_click(self, by, value):
        ''' 右击元素 '''
        action = ActionChains(self.driver)
        e1 = self.find_element(by, value)
        action.context_click(e1)
        action.perform()

    def double_click(self, by, value):
        ''' 双击元素 '''
        ActionChains(self.driver).double_click(self.find_element(by, value)).perform()

    def move_to_element(self, by, value):
        ''' 鼠标悬停到元素上 '''
        ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element(self.find_element(by, value)).perform()

    ######设置元素等待###################
    def wait(self, timeout, step, method, message = ''):
    if method:
        return WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, step).until(method,message)
    else:
        return WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, step)

    def implicitly_wait(self, time_to_wait):
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(time_to_wait)

例：

page1 = BasePage.BasePage('edge')
page1.open('https://www.baidu.com')
page1.set_window_size(1500, 900)
page1.send_keys('ID', 'kw', 'selenium')
page1.click('XPATH', '//*[@id="su"]')

# 找个连接试下右击
element = page1.wait(10, 1, EC.presence_of_element_located(
    (By.XPATH, '//*[@id="1"]/div/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/h3/a/div/div')), '设定时间内没有找到相应的内容！')
if element:
    page1.move_to_element('XPATH', '//*[@id="1"]/div/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/h3/a/div/div')
    time.sleep(10)
    page1.context_click('XPATH', '//*[@id="1"]/div/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/h3/a/div/div')
else:
    print('没有找到需要悬停的元素')

增加了frame切换的函数

    def switch_frame_by_frame_name(self, iframe_name):
        '''通过iframe/frame的 name属性来查找并切换到frame'''
        self.driver.switch_to.frame(iframe_name)

    def switch_frame_by_frame(self, frame):
        ''' frame为一个元素对象，直接切换到frame'''
        self.driver.switch_to.frame(frame)

    def switch_frame_to_default_content(self):
        self.driver.switch_to.default_content()

例：

page1 = BasePage.BasePage('edge')
page1.open('https://mail.qq.com')
page1.set_window_size(1200, 1000)
page1.wait(30,1,EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//*[@id="QQMailSdkTool_login_loginBox_qq"]/iframe')),'设定时间内没有找到相应的内容！')

iframe = page1.find_element('CSS_SELECTOR', ".QQMailSdkTool_login_loginBox_qq_iframe")
page1.switch_frame_by_frame(iframe)

if iframe:
    page1.switch_frame_by_frame_name('ptlogin_iframe')
    print('第二次切换成功')

page1.click('ID', 'switcher_plogin')
page1.wait(30, 3, EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, 'u')))
page1.send_keys('ID', 'u', 'hhh@qq.com')
page1.send_keys('ID', 'p', 'password')
page1.click('ID', 'login_button')

窗口切换

####window切换
    def current_window_handle(self):
        ''' 获取当前句柄,返回为str类型 '''
        return self.driver.current_window_handle

    def all_window_handles(self):
        ''' 获取所有句柄，返回为list类型 '''
        return self.driver.window_handles

    def change_window_into(self, handle):
        self.driver.switch_to.window(handle)

例：

page1 = BasePage.BasePage('edge')
page1.open('https://www.baidu.com')
page1.set_window_size(1500,900)
page1.send_keys('ID','kw', 'selenium')
page1.click('XPATH', '//*[@id="su"]')

handle_1 = page1.current_window_handle()
print('handle_1：', handle_1)

page1.wait(timeout = 10, method = EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//*[@id="1"]/div/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/h3/a/div/div')))
page1.click('XPATH', '//*[@id="1"]/div/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/h3/a/div/div')

handle_2 = page1.current_window_handle()
print('handle_2：', handle_2)

all_window_handles = page1.all_window_handles()
print('所有句柄：', all_window_handles)

#切换窗口
page1.change_window_into(all_window_handles[1])
page1.wait(10, method=EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//*[@id="baidu_translate_input"]')),
           message='找不到textarea输入框')
page1.send_keys('XPATH', '//*[@id="baidu_translate_input"]', 'english')

print('当前窗口：', page1.current_window_handle())

截图

####截图
def save_screenshot(self, file_path):
    if file_path.lower().endswith('.png'):
        self.driver.save_screenshot(file_path)
    else:
        return False

使用

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import BasePage

page1 = BasePage.BasePage('edge')
page1.open('https://www.baidu.com')
page1.set_window_size(1500,900)

page1.send_keys('ID','kw','selenium')
page1.click('ID','su')

page1.wait(10,0.5,EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH,'//*[@id="1"]/div/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/h3/a')), '没找到需要点击的元素')
page1.click('XPATH','//*[@id="1"]/div/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/h3/a')

hs = page1.all_window_handles()
page1.save_screenshot('1.jpg')

page1.change_window_into(hs[1])
page1.save_screenshot('2.png')