目录
1、断言测试
1.1、断言的作用及常用方法
1.1.1、断言的作用：为了检查测试的结果是符合预期结果；
1.1.2、常用方法：
| 方法 | 检查 |
| assertEqual(a,b) | a == b |
| assertNotEqual(a,b) | a != b |
| assertTrue(x) | Bool(x) is True |
| assertFalsex) | Bool(x) is Flase |
| assertIs(a,b) | a is b |
| assertIsNot(a,b) | a is not b |
| assertIsNone(x) | x is None |
| assertIsNotNone(x) | x is Not None |
| assertIn(a,b) | a in b |
| assertNotIn(a,b) | a Not in b |
| assertIsInstance(a,b) | Isinstance(a,b) |
| assertINotsInstance(a,b) | Not Isinstance(a,b) |
1.2、使用示例
1.2.1、示例代码：（各类型断言使用）
import unittest
class Test_1(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
print("test start")
def tearDown(self):
print("test end")
def test_01(self):
s = 5
self.assertEqual(s + 5, 10) # 判断相等
self.assertNotEqual(s + 5, 11) # 判断不想等
def test_02(self):
t = True
f = False
self.assertTrue(t) # 判断t是否为True
self.assertFalse(f) # 判断f是否为False
def test_03(self):
s = "Shell"
self.assertIs(s, "Shell") # 判断s是否是"Shell"
self.assertIsNot(s, "shell") # 判断s是否是"shell"
def test_04(self):
n = None
s = 'Shell'
self.assertIsNone(n) # 判断n是否为None
self.assertIsNotNone(s) # 判断s是否不是None
def test_05(self):
s = "Shell"
self.assertIn(s, "Shell") # 判断s是否包含在"Shell"中
self.assertNotIn(s, "1111") # 判断是否没有包含在"1111"中
def test_06(self):
s = "Shell"
self.assertIsInstance(s, str) # 判断s的类型是否是str
self.assertNotIsInstance(s, int) # 判断s的类型是否是int
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()1.2.2、执行结果：
2、测试报告
2.1、安装HTMLTestRunner.py 文件；
2.1.1、下载HTMLTestRunner.py文件；
2.1.2、将该文件放到python的安装目录下；
路径：/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/
2.1.3、文件如下（HTMLTestRunner.py）：
#coding:utf-8
__author__ = "Wai Yip Tung"
__version__ = "0.9.1"
# TODO: color stderr
# TODO: simplify javascript using ,ore than 1 class in the class attribute?
import datetime
import sys
import io
import time
import unittest
from xml.sax import saxutils
class OutputRedirector(object):
""" Wrapper to redirect stdout or stderr """
def __init__(self, fp):
self.fp = fp
def write(self, s):
self.fp.write(s)
def writelines(self, lines):
self.fp.writelines(lines)
def flush(self):
self.fp.flush()
stdout_redirector = OutputRedirector(sys.stdout)
stderr_redirector = OutputRedirector(sys.stderr)
# 报表订制与生成
class Template_mixin(object):
STATUS = {
0: u'通过',
1: u'失败',
2: u'错误',
}
DEFAULT_TITLE = 'Unit Test Report'
DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION = ''
HTML_TMPL = r"""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>%(title)s</title>
<meta name="generator" content="%(generator)s"/>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
<link href="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/echarts/3.8.5/echarts.common.min.js"></script>
<!-- <script type="text/javascript" src="js/echarts.common.min.js"></script> -->
%(stylesheet)s
</head>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"><!--
output_list = Array();
/* level - 0:Summary; 1:Failed; 2:All */
function showCase(level) {
trs = document.getElementsByTagName("tr");
for (var i = 0; i < trs.length; i++) {
tr = trs[i];
id = tr.id;
if (id.substr(0,2) == 'ft') {
if (level < 1) {
tr.className = 'hiddenRow';
}
else {
tr.className = '';
}
}
if (id.substr(0,2) == 'pt') {
if (level > 1) {
tr.className = '';
}
else {
tr.className = 'hiddenRow';
}
}
}
}
function showClassDetail(cid, count) {
var id_list = Array(count);
var toHide = 1;
for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
tid0 = 't' + cid.substr(1) + '.' + (i+1);
tid = 'f' + tid0;
tr = document.getElementById(tid);
if (!tr) {
tid = 'p' + tid0;
tr = document.getElementById(tid);
}
id_list[i] = tid;
if (tr.className) {
toHide = 0;
}
}
for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
tid = id_list[i];
if (toHide) {
document.getElementById('div_'+tid).style.display = 'none'
document.getElementById(tid).className = 'hiddenRow';
}
else {
document.getElementById(tid).className = '';
}
}
}
function showTestDetail(div_id){
var details_div = document.getElementById(div_id)
var displayState = details_div.style.display
// alert(displayState)
if (displayState != 'block' ) {
displayState = 'block'
details_div.style.display = 'block'
}
else {
details_div.style.display = 'none'
}
}
function html_escape(s) {
s = s.replace(/&/g,'&');
s = s.replace(/</g,'<');
s = s.replace(/>/g,'>');
return s;
}
/* obsoleted by detail in <div>
function showOutput(id, name) {
var w = window.open("", //url
name,
"resizable,scrollbars,status,width=800,height=450");
d = w.document;
d.write("<pre>");
d.write(html_escape(output_list[id]));
d.write("\n");
d.write("<a href='javascript:window.close()'>close</a>\n");
d.write("</pre>\n");
d.close();
}
*/
--></script>
<div id="div_base">
%(heading)s
%(report)s
%(ending)s
%(chart_script)s
</div>
</body>
</html>
""" # variables: (title, generator, stylesheet, heading, report, ending, chart_script)
ECHARTS_SCRIPT = """
<script type="text/javascript">
// 基于准备好的dom，初始化echarts实例
var myChart = echarts.init(document.getElementById('chart'));
// 指定图表的配置项和数据
var option = {
title : {
text: '测试执行情况',
x:'center'
},
tooltip : {
trigger: 'item',
formatter: "{a} <br/>{b} : {c} ({d}%%)"
},
color: ['#95b75d', 'grey', '#b64645'],
legend: {
orient: 'vertical',
left: 'left',
data: ['通过','失败','错误']
},
series : [
{
name: '测试执行情况',
type: 'pie',
radius : '60%%',
center: ['50%%', '60%%'],
data:[
{value:%(Pass)s, name:'通过'},
{value:%(fail)s, name:'失败'},
{value:%(error)s, name:'错误'}
],
itemStyle: {
emphasis: {
shadowBlur: 10,
shadowOffsetX: 0,
shadowColor: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)'
}
}
}
]
};
// 使用刚指定的配置项和数据显示图表。
myChart.setOption(option);
</script>
""" # variables: (Pass, fail, error)
# alternatively use a <link> for external stylesheet, e.g.
# <link rel="stylesheet" href="$url" type="text/css">
STYLESHEET_TMPL = """
<style type="text/css" media="screen">
body { font-family: Microsoft YaHei,Consolas,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 80%; }
table { font-size: 100%; }
pre { white-space: pre-wrap;word-wrap: break-word; }
/* -- heading ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
h1 {
font-size: 16pt;
color: gray;
}
.heading {
margin-top: 0ex;
margin-bottom: 1ex;
}
.heading .attribute {
margin-top: 1ex;
margin-bottom: 0;
}
.heading .description {
margin-top: 2ex;
margin-bottom: 3ex;
}
/* -- css div popup ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
a.popup_link {
}
a.popup_link:hover {
color: red;
}
.popup_window {
display: none;
position: relative;
left: 0px;
top: 0px;
/*border: solid #627173 1px; */
padding: 10px;
/*background-color: #E6E6D6; */
font-family: "Lucida Console", "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
text-align: left;
font-size: 8pt;
/* width: 500px;*/
}
}
/* -- report ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
#show_detail_line {
margin-top: 3ex;
margin-bottom: 1ex;
}
#result_table {
width: 99%;
}
#header_row {
font-weight: bold;
color: #303641;
background-color: #ebebeb;
}
#total_row { font-weight: bold; }
.passClass { background-color: #bdedbc; }
.failClass { background-color: #ffefa4; }
.errorClass { background-color: #ffc9c9; }
.passCase { color: #6c6; }
.failCase { color: #FF6600; font-weight: bold; }
.errorCase { color: #c00; font-weight: bold; }
.hiddenRow { display: none; }
.testcase { margin-left: 2em; }
/* -- ending ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
#ending {
}
#div_base {
position:absolute;
top:0%;
left:5%;
right:5%;
width: auto;
height: auto;
margin: -15px 0 0 0;
}
</style>
"""
HEADING_TMPL = """
<div class='page-header'>
<h1>%(title)s</h1>
%(parameters)s
</div>
<div style="float: left;width:50%%;"><p class='description'>%(description)s</p></div>
<div id="chart" style="width:50%%;height:400px;float:left;"></div>
""" # variables: (title, parameters, description)
HEADING_ATTRIBUTE_TMPL = """<p class='attribute'><strong>%(name)s:</strong> %(value)s</p>
""" # variables: (name, value)
REPORT_TMPL = u"""
<div class="btn-group btn-group-sm">
<button class="btn btn-default" onclick='javascript:showCase(0)'>总结</button>
<button class="btn btn-default" onclick='javascript:showCase(1)'>失败</button>
<button class="btn btn-default" onclick='javascript:showCase(2)'>全部</button>
</div>
<p></p>
<table id='result_table' class="table table-bordered">
<colgroup>
<col align='left' />
<col align='right' />
<col align='right' />
<col align='right' />
<col align='right' />
<col align='right' />
</colgroup>
<tr id='header_row'>
<td>测试套件/测试用例</td>
<td>总数</td>
<td>通过</td>
<td>失败</td>
<td>错误</td>
<td>查看</td>
</tr>
%(test_list)s
<tr id='total_row'>
<td>总计</td>
<td>%(count)s</td>
<td>%(Pass)s</td>
<td>%(fail)s</td>
<td>%(error)s</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</table>
""" # variables: (test_list, count, Pass, fail, error)
REPORT_CLASS_TMPL = u"""
<tr class='%(style)s'>
<td>%(desc)s</td>
<td>%(count)s</td>
<td>%(Pass)s</td>
<td>%(fail)s</td>
<td>%(error)s</td>
<td><a href="javascript:showClassDetail('%(cid)s',%(count)s)">详情</a></td>
</tr>
""" # variables: (style, desc, count, Pass, fail, error, cid)
REPORT_TEST_WITH_OUTPUT_TMPL = r"""
<tr id='%(tid)s' class='%(Class)s'>
<td class='%(style)s'><div class='testcase'>%(desc)s</div></td>
<td colspan='5' align='center'>
<!--css div popup start-->
<a class="popup_link" onfocus='this.blur();' href="javascript:showTestDetail('div_%(tid)s')" >
%(status)s</a>
<div id='div_%(tid)s' class="popup_window">
<pre>%(script)s</pre>
</div>
<!--css div popup end-->
</td>
</tr>
""" # variables: (tid, Class, style, desc, status)
REPORT_TEST_NO_OUTPUT_TMPL = r"""
<tr id='%(tid)s' class='%(Class)s'>
<td class='%(style)s'><div class='testcase'>%(desc)s</div></td>
<td colspan='5' align='center'>%(status)s</td>
</tr>
""" # variables: (tid, Class, style, desc, status)
REPORT_TEST_OUTPUT_TMPL = r"""%(id)s: %(output)s""" # variables: (id, output)
ENDING_TMPL = """<div id='ending'> </div>"""
# -------------------- The end of the Template class -------------------
TestResult = unittest.TestResult
class _TestResult(TestResult):
def __init__(self, verbosity=1):
TestResult.__init__(self)
self.stdout0 = None
self.stderr0 = None
self.success_count = 0
self.failure_count = 0
self.error_count = 0
self.verbosity = verbosity
self.result = []
self.subtestlist = []
def startTest(self, test):
TestResult.startTest(self, test)
# 对于stdout和stderr只有一个缓冲区
self.outputBuffer = io.StringIO()
stdout_redirector.fp = self.outputBuffer
stderr_redirector.fp = self.outputBuffer
self.stdout0 = sys.stdout
self.stderr0 = sys.stderr
sys.stdout = stdout_redirector
sys.stderr = stderr_redirector
def complete_output(self):
# 断开输出重定向和返回缓冲区，为了安全尝试多次
if self.stdout0:
sys.stdout = self.stdout0
sys.stderr = self.stderr0
self.stdout0 = None
self.stderr0 = None
return self.outputBuffer.getvalue()
def stopTest(self, test):
# 通常会调用addSuccess、addError或addFailure中的一个
# 但unittest中有一些路径可以绕过这个，为了保证会调用，断开stopTest（）中的stdout
self.complete_output()
def addSuccess(self, test):
if test not in self.subtestlist:
self.success_count += 1
TestResult.addSuccess(self, test)
output = self.complete_output()
self.result.append((0, test, output, ''))
if self.verbosity > 1:
sys.stderr.write('ok ')
sys.stderr.write(str(test))
sys.stderr.write('\n')
else:
sys.stderr.write('.')
def addError(self, test, err):
self.error_count += 1
TestResult.addError(self, test, err)
_, _exc_str = self.errors[-1]
output = self.complete_output()
self.result.append((2, test, output, _exc_str))
if self.verbosity > 1:
sys.stderr.write('E ')
sys.stderr.write(str(test))
sys.stderr.write('\n')
else:
sys.stderr.write('E')
def addFailure(self, test, err):
self.failure_count += 1
TestResult.addFailure(self, test, err)
_, _exc_str = self.failures[-1]
output = self.complete_output()
self.result.append((1, test, output, _exc_str))
if self.verbosity > 1:
sys.stderr.write('F ')
sys.stderr.write(str(test))
sys.stderr.write('\n')
else:
sys.stderr.write('F')
def addSubTest(self, test, subtest, err):
if err is not None:
if getattr(self, 'failfast', False):
self.stop()
if issubclass(err[0], test.failureException):
self.failure_count += 1
errors = self.failures
errors.append((subtest, self._exc_info_to_string(err, subtest)))
output = self.complete_output()
self.result.append((1, test, output + '\nSubTestCase Failed:\n' + str(subtest),
self._exc_info_to_string(err, subtest)))
if self.verbosity > 1:
sys.stderr.write('F ')
sys.stderr.write(str(subtest))
sys.stderr.write('\n')
else:
sys.stderr.write('F')
else:
self.error_count += 1
errors = self.errors
errors.append((subtest, self._exc_info_to_string(err, subtest)))
output = self.complete_output()
self.result.append(
(2, test, output + '\nSubTestCase Error:\n' + str(subtest), self._exc_info_to_string(err, subtest)))
if self.verbosity > 1:
sys.stderr.write('E ')
sys.stderr.write(str(subtest))
sys.stderr.write('\n')
else:
sys.stderr.write('E')
self._mirrorOutput = True
else:
self.subtestlist.append(subtest)
self.subtestlist.append(test)
self.success_count += 1
output = self.complete_output()
self.result.append((0, test, output + '\nSubTestCase Pass:\n' + str(subtest), ''))
if self.verbosity > 1:
sys.stderr.write('ok ')
sys.stderr.write(str(subtest))
sys.stderr.write('\n')
else:
sys.stderr.write('.')
class HTMLTestRunner(Template_mixin):
def __init__(self, stream=sys.stdout, verbosity=1, title=None, description=None):
self.stream = stream
self.verbosity = verbosity
if title is None:
self.title = self.DEFAULT_TITLE
else:
self.title = title
if description is None:
self.description = self.DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION
else:
self.description = description
self.startTime = datetime.datetime.now()
def run(self, test):
"Run the given test case or test suite."
result = _TestResult(self.verbosity)
test(result)
self.stopTime = datetime.datetime.now()
self.generateReport(test, result)
print('\nTime Elapsed: %s' % (self.stopTime - self.startTime), file=sys.stderr)
return result
def sortResult(self, result_list):
# unittest似乎没有按任何特定顺序运行，在这里，我们至少要把他们按班级分组
rmap = {}
classes = []
for n, t, o, e in result_list:
cls = t.__class__
if cls not in rmap:
rmap[cls] = []
classes.append(cls)
rmap[cls].append((n, t, o, e))
r = [(cls, rmap[cls]) for cls in classes]
return r
def getReportAttributes(self, result):
# 以列表形式返回报表属性（名称、值），重写此项以添加自定义属性
startTime = str(self.startTime)[:19]
duration = str(self.stopTime - self.startTime)
status = []
if result.success_count: status.append(u'通过 %s' % result.success_count)
if result.failure_count: status.append(u'失败 %s' % result.failure_count)
if result.error_count: status.append(u'错误 %s' % result.error_count)
if status:
status = ' '.join(status)
else:
status = 'none'
return [
(u'开始时间', startTime),
(u'运行时长', duration),
(u'状态', status),
]
def generateReport(self, test, result):
report_attrs = self.getReportAttributes(result)
generator = 'HTMLTestRunner %s' % __version__
stylesheet = self._generate_stylesheet()
heading = self._generate_heading(report_attrs)
report = self._generate_report(result)
ending = self._generate_ending()
chart = self._generate_chart(result)
output = self.HTML_TMPL % dict(
title=saxutils.escape(self.title),
generator=generator,
stylesheet=stylesheet,
heading=heading,
report=report,
ending=ending,
chart_script=chart
)
self.stream.write(output.encode('utf8'))
# self.stream.write(output.encode('utf8').decode('utf8'))
def _generate_stylesheet(self):
return self.STYLESHEET_TMPL
def _generate_heading(self, report_attrs):
a_lines = []
for name, value in report_attrs:
line = self.HEADING_ATTRIBUTE_TMPL % dict(
name=saxutils.escape(name),
value=saxutils.escape(value),
)
a_lines.append(line)
heading = self.HEADING_TMPL % dict(
title=saxutils.escape(self.title),
parameters=''.join(a_lines),
description=saxutils.escape(self.description),
)
return heading
def _generate_report(self, result):
rows = []
sortedResult = self.sortResult(result.result)
for cid, (cls, cls_results) in enumerate(sortedResult):
# subtotal for a class
np = nf = ne = 0
for n, t, o, e in cls_results:
if n == 0:
np += 1
elif n == 1:
nf += 1
else:
ne += 1
# format class description
if cls.__module__ == "__main__":
name = cls.__name__
else:
name = "%s.%s" % (cls.__module__, cls.__name__)
doc = cls.__doc__ and cls.__doc__.split("\n")[0] or ""
desc = doc and '%s: %s' % (name, doc) or name
row = self.REPORT_CLASS_TMPL % dict(
style=ne > 0 and 'errorClass' or nf > 0 and 'failClass' or 'passClass',
desc=desc,
count=np + nf + ne,
Pass=np,
fail=nf,
error=ne,
cid='c%s' % (cid + 1),
)
rows.append(row)
for tid, (n, t, o, e) in enumerate(cls_results):
self._generate_report_test(rows, cid, tid, n, t, o, e)
report = self.REPORT_TMPL % dict(
test_list=''.join(rows),
count=str(result.success_count + result.failure_count + result.error_count),
Pass=str(result.success_count),
fail=str(result.failure_count),
error=str(result.error_count),
)
return report
def _generate_chart(self, result):
chart = self.ECHARTS_SCRIPT % dict(
Pass=str(result.success_count),
fail=str(result.failure_count),
error=str(result.error_count),
)
return chart
def _generate_report_test(self, rows, cid, tid, n, t, o, e):
# e.g. 'pt1.1', 'ft1.1', etc
has_output = bool(o or e)
tid = (n == 0 and 'p' or 'f') + 't%s.%s' % (cid + 1, tid + 1)
name = t.id().split('.')[-1]
doc = t.shortDescription() or ""
desc = doc and ('%s: %s' % (name, doc)) or name
tmpl = has_output and self.REPORT_TEST_WITH_OUTPUT_TMPL or self.REPORT_TEST_NO_OUTPUT_TMPL
script = self.REPORT_TEST_OUTPUT_TMPL % dict(
id=tid,
output=saxutils.escape(o + e),
)
row = tmpl % dict(
tid=tid,
Class=(n == 0 and 'hiddenRow' or 'none'),
style=(n == 2 and 'errorCase' or (n == 1 and 'failCase' or 'none')),
desc=desc,
script=script,
status=self.STATUS[n],
)
rows.append(row)
if not has_output:
return
def _generate_ending(self):
return self.ENDING_TMPL
class TestProgram(unittest.TestProgram):
# unittest.TestProgram程序的变体
def runTests(self):
# 选择HTMLTestRunner作为默认的测试运行程序
if self.testRunner is None:
self.testRunner = HTMLTestRunner(verbosity=self.verbosity)
unittest.TestProgram.runTests(self)
main = TestProgram
if __name__ == "__main__":
main(module=None)
10.1.4、验证是否安装完成
1、进入终端；
2、输入python3进入python交互模式；
3、输入import HTMLTest Runner，没报错说明导入成功；
2.2、生成HTML测试报告
2.2.1、创建一个文件夹test_report（自定义命名）；在该目录下创建两个测试文件（文件名以test开头，便于discover使用）；test_01.py和test_02.py；如图：
2.2.2、test_01.py文件代码：
import unittest
class Test_1(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
print("数据初始化")
def tearDown(self):
print("用例执行完后，数据清理")
def test_1(self):
print("用例：1")
self.assertEqual(1, '1')
def test_2(self):
print("用例：2")
self.assertEqual('2', '2')
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()2.2.3、 test_02.py文件代码：
import unittest
class Test_1(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
print("数据初始化")
def tearDown(self):
print("用例执行完后，数据清理")
def test_1(self):
print("用例：a")
self.assertEqual(3, 3)
def test_2(self):
print("用例：b")
self.assertEqual('b', 'b')
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()2.2.4、整合两个测试集，并执行生成html格式测试报告；文件：run_report.py（自定义命令），代码如下：
import HTMLTestRunner
import unittest
import time
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 执行test_report目录下所有测试文件
testsuite = unittest.TestLoader().discover('../test_report')
# 获取本地时间
s_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())
# 生成测试报告
file_name = open(f"./report_{s_time}.html", 'wb')
runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=file_name, title="【测试报告】", description='测试报告描述')
runner.run(testsuite)2.2.5、执行完后，在该目录下生成一个html文件；打开文件后如下：
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