Centos7部署MySQL-router实现读写分离及从库负载均衡
环境：
| ip | hostname | 部署服务 |
|---|---|---|
| 192.168.101.101 | master | mysql |
| 192.168.101.102 | slave1 | mysql |
| 192.168.101.103 | slave2 | mysql |
| 192.168.101.104 | router | mysql mysql-router |
1. 安装MySQL
-
基础环境配置
# 修改IP地址为固定ip（可选操作此处略） # 关闭防火墙 $ systemctl stop firewalld $ systemctl disable firewalld # 在防火墙放行NTP协议 $ firewall-cmd --add-service=ntp --permanent $ firewall-cmd --reload $ firewall-cmd --list-all # 关闭selinux $ setenforce 0 # 修改主机名 $ hostnamectl set-hostname master $ hostnamectl set-hostname slave1 $ hostnamectl set-hostname slave2 $ hostnamectl set-hostname router -
修改hosts文件
$ vim /etc/hosts 192.168.101.101 master 192.168.101.102 slave1 192.168.101.103 slave2 192.168.101.104 router -
设置时间同步
# 安装chrony (// krɑːnɪ //) 服务，各主机均安装 $ yum install chrony $ systemctl enable chronyd.service $ systemctl start chronyd.service # 配置master节点为时间服务器 $ vim /etc/chrony.conf allow 192.168.101.0/24 #配置允许同步的网段 $ systemctl restart chronyd # 检查时间是否同步成功 $ chronyc sources -v 210 Number of sources = 4 .-- Source mode '^' = server, '=' = peer, '#' = local clock. / .- Source state '*' = current synced, '+' = combined , '-' = not combined, | / '?' = unreachable, 'x' = time may be in error, '~' = time too variable. || .- xxxx [ yyyy ] +/- zzzz || Reachability register (octal) -. | xxxx = adjusted offset, || Log2(Polling interval) --. | | yyyy = measured offset, || \ | | zzzz = estimated error. || | | \ MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample =============================================================================== ^? ns2.customer-resolver.net 2 6 7 0 -790us[ -790us] +/- 154ms ^? ntp6.flashdance.cx 2 6 1 2 -55ms[ -55ms] +/- 268ms ^? electrode.felixc.at 3 6 3 2 +16ms[ +16ms] +/- 160ms ^? time.cloudflare.com 3 6 3 2 +64ms[ +64ms] +/- 187ms # 配置其它主机节点的时间服务器为master # 注释掉默认时间服务器，配置master为时间同步源 $ vim /etc/chrony.conf # server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst # server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst # server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst # server 3.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst server master iburst $ systemctl restart chronyd $ systemctl enable chronyd #查看同步manager时间成功 $ chronyc sources 210 Number of sources = 1 MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample =============================================================================== ^? bogon 4 6 3 0 +50ms[ +50ms] +/- 172ms -
下载MySQL YUM仓库：
$ wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm -
安装MySQL YUM仓库：
$ rpm -Uvh mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm # 查看安装情况 $ rpm -ql mysql80-community-release -
安装数据库
# 四个节点分别安装 $ yum install mysql-server mysql -y $ yum install mysql-server mysql -y $ yum install mysql-server mysql -y $ yum install mysql-server mysql -y -
启动数据库
$ systemctl start mysqld -
修改密码
$ systemctl restart mysqld $ grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 2021-03-04T02:30:35.218501Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: scAIUkhP&4Y& $ mysql -uroot -p'scAIUkhP&4Y&' > ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Ytl@2032734117'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) # 所有节点相同操作
2. 部署mysql-router
# router结点部署mysql-router
# 从官网下载rpm包
$ wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-Router/mysql-router-community-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
$ yum localinstall mysql-router-community-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
2. 配置主从复制
master结点和两个bak结点配置主从复制
2.1 设置主库SERVER_ID和启动二进制日志
$ vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id=101 # 设置主服务器server_id
log_bin=/var/lib/mysql/binlogs/master
log_bin_index=/var/lib/mysql/binlogs/master.index
$ mkdir /var/lib/mysql/binlogs
$ chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/
$ systemctl restart mysqld
2.2 在主库中创建复制用户
> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| master.000001 | 477 | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
> create user 'binlog_user'@'%' identified by '123456Abc!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
> grant replication slave on *.* to 'binlog_user'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
# 四个节点全部设置root远程登录账号
> create user 'root'@'%' identified by 'Ytl@2032734117';
> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%';
2.3 从库设置SERVER_ID
# slave1 节点
# server_id不能相同
$ vim /etc/my.cnf
server_id=102
log_bin=/var/lib/mysql/binlogs/slave1
log_bin_index=/var/lib/mysql/binlogs/slave1.index
# 重启服务
$ mkdir /var/lib/mysql/binlogs
$ chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/
$ systemctl restart mysqld
# slave2 节点
$ vim /etc/my.cnf
server_id=103
log_bin=/var/lib/mysql/binlogs/slave2
log_bin_index=/var/lib/mysql/binlogs/slave2.index
# 重启服务
$ mkdir /var/lib/mysql/binlogs
$ chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/
$ systemctl restart mysqld
2.4 设置同步
# master节点操作
> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| master.000001 | 1024 | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# 从节点操作
$ mysql -uroot -pYtl@2032734117
> change master to master_host='192.168.101.101',master_user='binlog_user',master_password='123456Abc!',master_log_file='master.000001', master_log_pos=1024,get_master_public_key=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 9 warnings (0.01 sec)
> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.101.101
Master_User: binlog_user
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1024
Relay_Log_File: bak1-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 321
Relay_Master_Log_File: master.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1024
Relay_Log_Space: 529
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 101
Master_UUID: 994e44af-7c91-11eb-9c27-000c29a55f9e
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
Master_public_key_path:
Get_master_public_key: 1
Network_Namespace:
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
# 如果出现server_uuid错误：（比如克隆虚拟机做实验）
# Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work.
# Last_IO_Error：致命错误：由于主服务器和从服务器具有相等的MySQL服务器UUID，从服务器I / O线程停止。 这些UUID必须不同才能进行复制。
# 解决方法：
# 进入主库或从库的数据目录：
[root@slave01 ~]$ cd /var/lib/mysql/
[root@slave01 mysql]$ cat auto.cnf
[auto]
server-uuid=9a51e3b8-5d0b-11ea-8309-000c29ba741e
# 将其改名并重启服务即可生成新的server-uuid
[root@slave01 mysql]$ mv auto.cnf auto.cnf.bak
[root@slave01 mysql]$ systemctl restart mysqld
> change master to master_host='192.168.101.101',master_user='binlog_user',master_password='123456Abc!',master_log_file='master.000001', master_log_pos=1024,get_master_public_key=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 9 warnings (0.03 sec)
> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.101.101
Master_User: binlog_user
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1212
Relay_Log_File: bak2-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 321
Relay_Master_Log_File: master.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1212
Relay_Log_Space: 529
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 101
Master_UUID: 994e44af-7c91-11eb-9c27-000c29a55f9e
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
Master_public_key_path:
Get_master_public_key: 1
Network_Namespace:
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
2.5 验证
# 主节点
> create database banks;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
# 两个从节点
> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| banks |
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3. 配置mysql-router
3.1 修改配置文件
$ vim /etc/mysqlrouter/mysqlrouter.conf
#添加高可用标签,配置master结点为写结点
[routing:failover]
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
bind_port = 7001
max_connections = 1024
mode = read-write
#实际MySQL地址
destinations = 192.168.101.101:3306
#轮询标签，从库进行负载均衡的轮询访问
[routing:balancing]
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
bind_port = 7002
max_connections = 1024
mode = read-only
#实际MySQL地址
destinations = 192.168.101.102:3306,192.168.101.103:3306
3.2 启动服务
$ systemctl start mysqlrouter.service
$ systemctl enable mysqlrouter.service
4. 验证测试
4.1 查看服务端口
# router节点
$ netstat -tnlp |grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:7001 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2848/mysqlrouter
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:7002 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2848/mysqlrouter
tcp6 0 0 :::33060 :::* LISTEN 2667/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 2667/mysqld
4.2 测试从库负载均衡
# router节点
# router节点远程连接其他节点的mysql，测试能否远程登录
$ mysql -uroot -pYtl@2032734117 -h192.168.101.101 -P3306
$ mysql -uroot -pYtl@2032734117 -h192.168.101.102 -P3306
$ mysql -uroot -pYtl@2032734117 -h192.168.101.103 -P3306
# 成功连接后连接后操作的是master主节点
$ mysql -u root -h 192.168.101.104 -p'Ytl@2032734117' -P 7001
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 60
Server version: 8.0.23 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| banks |
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sss |
| sys |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.03 sec)
# 成功连接后操作的是slave1或slave2随机使用
$ mysql -u root -h 192.168.101.104 -p'Ytl@2032734117' -P 7002
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 22
Server version: 8.0.23 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| banks |
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sss |
| sys |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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