1. cobbler简介
Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。
Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。
Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。
Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。
2. cobbler服务端部署
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler xinetd cobbler-web pykickstart
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.56.128/' /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.56.128/' /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp //开启tftp
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler get-loaders
...
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rsyncd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" 'pengsuran123!'
$1$28947$9cvsAysFvqQSUQd1ORshw.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$28947$9cvsAysFvqQSUQd1ORshw."
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:25151 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::443 :::*
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::*
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
//这两行是关于debian系统的错误，请忽略
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/^manage_dhcp/s/0/1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '/^manage_dhcp/p' /etc/cobbler/settings
manage_dhcp: 1
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template //配置dhcp
subnet 192.168.56.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.56.128;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.56.2;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.56.100 192.168.56.254;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
...
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anulp|grep dhcp
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 1470/dhcpd
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 1.3G 17G 8% /
devtmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /dev
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 912M 8.7M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 136M 362M 28% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 3.8G 3.8G 0 100% /mnt
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=rhel-7 --arch=x86_64
...
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks <<'EOF'
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://192.168.56.128/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
$yum_repo_stanza
reboot
rootpw --iscrypted $6$tT3jtt5eIo58IFt8$nFwF.4HZulhh..bZcSiQekXMOAiVAej9zG6NOlNFgYBYXJz.9eAiu05vl89Lq7nuze5Z0plxugAnhfakBcXSl1
// 上面的是在母机上的密码，在anaconda-ks.cfg里面的rootpw一行
selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
install
zerombr
%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools
%end
%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
%end
%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end
EOF
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler validateks
task started: 2019-03-05_203330_validateks
task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Tue Mar 5 20:33:30 2019)
----------------------------
osversion: rhel7
checking url: http://192.168.56.128/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel7" "http://192.168.56.128/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64"
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
*** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile list
rhel-7-x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile report
Name : rhel-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : rhel-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
...
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:20048 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 64 *:33274 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:50652 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:25151 *:*
LISTEN 0 64 *:2049 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::20048 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::443 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::56347 :::*
LISTEN 0 64 :::44801 :::*
LISTEN 0 64 :::2049 :::*
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::*
3.客户端安装
安装成功后查看网卡
4.定制安装
自己本机的IP是192.168.56.128
定制安装步骤：
统计服务器mac地址
配置cobbler
安装
关于安装时遇到的问题：
1.首先检查防火墙和selinux是否关闭，seliux一定是disable
2.给 /usr/share/cobbler/web/cobbler.wsgi 执行权限，然后改变整个目录的属主
3.django的版本过高，要卸载然后安装低版本的，
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e python2-django-1.11.18-1.el7.noarch --nodeps
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install python2-django16
然后重启httpd
如果再登陆不上去，要将http改为https
然后同步并重启服务
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2019-03-05_230815_sync
...
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
CentOS:
前面步骤相同，就是将脚本名字改为CentOS就可以了，其他步骤相同
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