本文详细介绍了matplotlib库中几个核心的绘图函数，包括plt.annotate用于添加注释，plt.Scatter用于绘制散点图，plt.text用于添加文本，plt.bar用于绘制柱状图，plt.imshow用于显示图像，以及plot_surface用于绘制3D表面图。每个函数的参数和用法都有清晰的解释，帮助理解如何在Python中创建各种复杂图形。
目录
plt.annotate参数说明
Annotate the point *xy* with text *text*.
In the simplest form, the text is placed at *xy*.
Optionally, the text can be displayed in another position *xytext*.
An arrow pointing from the text to the annotated point *xy* can then
be added by defining *arrowprops*.
Parameters
----------
text : str
The text of the annotation.
xy : (float, float)
The point *(x, y)* to annotate. The coordinate system is determined
by *xycoords*.
xytext : (float, float), default: *xy*
The position *(x, y)* to place the text at. The coordinate system
is determined by *textcoords*.
xycoords : str or `.Artist` or `.Transform` or callable or (float, float), default: 'data'
The coordinate system that *xy* is given in. The following types
of values are supported:
- One of the following strings:
==================== ============================================
Value Description
==================== ============================================
'figure points' Points from the lower left of the figure
'figure pixels' Pixels from the lower left of the figure
'figure fraction' Fraction of figure from lower left
'subfigure points' Points from the lower left of the subfigure
'subfigure pixels' Pixels from the lower left of the subfigure
'subfigure fraction' Fraction of subfigure from lower left
'axes points' Points from lower left corner of axes
'axes pixels' Pixels from lower left corner of axes
'axes fraction' Fraction of axes from lower left
'data' Use the coordinate system of the object
being annotated (default)
'polar' *(theta, r)* if not native 'data'
coordinates
==================== ============================================
Note that 'subfigure pixels' and 'figure pixels' are the same
for the parent figure, so users who want code that is usable in
a subfigure can use 'subfigure pixels'.
- An `.Artist`: *xy* is interpreted as a fraction of the artist's
`~matplotlib.transforms.Bbox`. E.g. *(0, 0)* would be the lower
left corner of the bounding box and *(0.5, 1)* would be the
center top of the bounding box.
- A `.Transform` to transform *xy* to screen coordinates.
- A function with one of the following signatures::
def transform(renderer) -> Bbox
def transform(renderer) -> Transform
where *renderer* is a `.RendererBase` subclass.
The result of the function is interpreted like the `.Artist` and
`.Transform` cases above.
- A tuple *(xcoords, ycoords)* specifying separate coordinate
systems for *x* and *y*. *xcoords* and *ycoords* must each be
of one of the above described types.
See :ref:`plotting-guide-annotation` for more details.
textcoords : str or `.Artist` or `.Transform` or callable or (float, float), default: value of *xycoords*
The coordinate system that *xytext* is given in.
All *xycoords* values are valid as well as the following
strings:
================= =========================================
Value Description
================= =========================================
'offset points' Offset (in points) from the *xy* value
'offset pixels' Offset (in pixels) from the *xy* value
================= =========================================
arrowprops : dict, optional
The properties used to draw a `.FancyArrowPatch` arrow between the
positions *xy* and *xytext*. Note that the edge of the arrow
pointing to *xytext* will be centered on the text itself and may
not point directly to the coordinates given in *xytext*.
If *arrowprops* does not contain the key 'arrowstyle' the
allowed keys are:
========== ======================================================
Key Description
========== ======================================================
width The width of the arrow in points
headwidth The width of the base of the arrow head in points
headlength The length of the arrow head in points
shrink Fraction of total length to shrink from both ends
? Any key to :class:`matplotlib.patches.FancyArrowPatch`
========== ======================================================
If *arrowprops* contains the key 'arrowstyle' the
above keys are forbidden. The allowed values of
``'arrowstyle'`` are:
============ =============================================
Name Attrs
============ =============================================
``'-'`` None
``'->'`` head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2
``'-['`` widthB=1.0,lengthB=0.2,angleB=None
``'|-|'`` widthA=1.0,widthB=1.0
``'-|>'`` head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2
``'<-'`` head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2
``'<->'`` head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2
``'<|-'`` head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2
``'<|-|>'`` head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2
``'fancy'`` head_length=0.4,head_width=0.4,tail_width=0.4
``'simple'`` head_length=0.5,head_width=0.5,tail_width=0.2
``'wedge'`` tail_width=0.3,shrink_factor=0.5
============ =============================================
Valid keys for `~matplotlib.patches.FancyArrowPatch` are:
=============== ==================================================
Key Description
=============== ==================================================
arrowstyle the arrow style
connectionstyle the connection style
relpos default is (0.5, 0.5)
patchA default is bounding box of the text
patchB default is None
shrinkA default is 2 points
shrinkB default is 2 points
mutation_scale default is text size (in points)
mutation_aspect default is 1.
? any key for :class:`matplotlib.patches.PathPatch`
=============== ==================================================
Defaults to None, i.e. no arrow is drawn.
annotation_clip : bool or None, default: None
Whether to draw the annotation when the annotation point *xy* is
outside the axes area.
- If *True*, the annotation will only be drawn when *xy* is
within the axes.
- If *False*, the annotation will always be drawn.
- If *None*, the annotation will only be drawn when *xy* is
within the axes and *xycoords* is 'data'.
**kwargs
Additional kwargs are passed to `~matplotlib.text.Text`.
Returns
-------
`.Annotation`
See Also
--------
:ref:`plotting-guide-annotation`
plt.Scatter参数说明
plt.scatter(
x,
y,
s=None,
c=None,
marker=None,
cmap=None,
norm=None,
vmin=None,
vmax=None,
alpha=None,
linewidths=None,
*,
edgecolors=None,
plotnonfinite=False,
data=None,
**kwargs,
)
Docstring:
A scatter plot of *y* vs. *x* with varying marker size and/or color.
Parameters
----------
x, y : float or array-like, shape (n, )
The data positions.
s : float or array-like, shape (n, ), optional
The marker size in points**2.
Default is ``rcParams['lines.markersize'] ** 2``.
c : array-like or list of colors or color, optional
The marker colors. Possible values:
- A scalar or sequence of n numbers to be mapped to colors using
*cmap* and *norm*.
- A 2D array in which the rows are RGB or RGBA.
- A sequence of colors of length n.
- A single color format string.
Note that *c* should not be a single numeric RGB or RGBA sequence
because that is indistinguishable from an array of values to be
colormapped. If you want to specify the same RGB or RGBA value for
all points, use a 2D array with a single row. Otherwise, value-
matching will have precedence in case of a size matching with *x*
and *y*.
If you wish to specify a single color for all points
prefer the *color* keyword argument.
Defaults to `None`. In that case the marker color is determined
by the value of *color*, *facecolor* or *facecolors*. In case
those are not specified or `None`, the marker color is determined
by the next color of the ``Axes``' current "shape and fill" color
cycle. This cycle defaults to :rc:`axes.prop_cycle`.
marker : `~.markers.MarkerStyle`, default: :rc:`scatter.marker`
The marker style. *marker* can be either an instance of the class
or the text shorthand for a particular marker.
See :mod:`matplotlib.markers` for more information about marker
styles.
cmap : str or `~matplotlib.colors.Colormap`, default: :rc:`image.cmap`
A `.Colormap` instance or registered colormap name. *cmap* is only
used if *c* is an array of floats.
norm : `~matplotlib.colors.Normalize`, default: None
If *c* is an array of floats, *norm* is used to scale the color
data, *c*, in the range 0 to 1, in order to map into the colormap
*cmap*.
If *None*, use the default `.colors.Normalize`.
vmin, vmax : float, default: None
*vmin* and *vmax* are used in conjunction with the default norm to
map the color array *c* to the colormap *cmap*. If None, the
respective min and max of the color array is used.
It is deprecated to use *vmin*/*vmax* when *norm* is given.
alpha : float, default: None
The alpha blending value, between 0 (transparent) and 1 (opaque).
linewidths : float or array-like, default: :rc:`lines.linewidth`
The linewidth of the marker edges. Note: The default *edgecolors*
is 'face'. You may want to change this as well.
edgecolors : {'face', 'none', *None*} or color or sequence of color, default: :rc:`scatter.edgecolors`
The edge color of the marker. Possible values:
- 'face': The edge color will always be the same as the face color.
- 'none': No patch boundary will be drawn.
- A color or sequence of colors.
For non-filled markers, *edgecolors* is ignored. Instead, the color
is determined like with 'face', i.e. from *c*, *colors*, or
*facecolors*.
plotnonfinite : bool, default: False
Whether to plot points with nonfinite *c* (i.e. ``inf``, ``-inf``
or ``nan``). If ``True`` the points are drawn with the *bad*
colormap color (see `.Colormap.set_bad`).
Returns
-------
`~matplotlib.collections.PathCollection`
Other Parameters
----------------
**kwargs : `~matplotlib.collections.Collection` properties
See Also
--------
plot : To plot scatter plots when markers are identical in size and
color.
Notes
-----
* The `.plot` function will be faster for scatterplots where markers
don't vary in size or color.
* Any or all of *x*, *y*, *s*, and *c* may be masked arrays, in which
case all masks will be combined and only unmasked points will be
plotted.
* Fundamentally, scatter works with 1D arrays; *x*, *y*, *s*, and *c*
may be input as N-D arrays, but within scatter they will be
flattened. The exception is *c*, which will be flattened only if its
size matches the size of *x* and *y*.
.. note::
In addition to the above described arguments, this function can take
a *data* keyword argument. If such a *data* argument is given,
the following arguments can also be string ``s``, which is
interpreted as ``data[s]`` (unless this raises an exception):
*x*, *y*, *s*, *linewidths*, *edgecolors*, *c*, *facecolor*, *facecolors*, *color*.
Objects passed as **data** must support item access (``data[s]``) and
membership test (``s in data``).
plt.text()参数说明
Add text to the Axes.
Add the text *s* to the Axes at location *x*, *y* in data coordinates.
Parameters
----------
x, y : float
The position to place the text. By default, this is in data
coordinates. The coordinate system can be changed using the
*transform* parameter.
s : str
The text.
fontdict : dict, default: None
A dictionary to override the default text properties. If fontdict
is None, the defaults are determined by `.rcParams`.
Returns
-------
`.Text`
The created `.Text` instance.
Other Parameters
----------------
**kwargs : `~matplotlib.text.Text` properties.
Other miscellaneous text parameters.
Properties:
agg_filter: a filter function, which takes a (m, n, 3) float array and a dpi value, and returns a (m, n, 3) array
alpha: scalar or None
animated: bool
backgroundcolor: color
bbox: dict with properties for `.patches.FancyBboxPatch`
clip_box: `.Bbox`
clip_on: bool
clip_path: Patch or (Path, Transform) or None
color or c: color
contains: unknown
figure: `.Figure`
fontfamily or family: {FONTNAME, 'serif', 'sans-serif', 'cursive', 'fantasy', 'monospace'}
fontproperties or font or font_properties: `.font_manager.FontProperties` or `str` or `pathlib.Path`
fontsize or size: float or {'xx-small', 'x-small', 'small', 'medium', 'large', 'x-large', 'xx-large'}
fontstretch or stretch: {a numeric value in range 0-1000, 'ultra-condensed', 'extra-condensed', 'condensed', 'semi-condensed', 'normal', 'semi-expanded', 'expanded', 'extra-expanded', 'ultra-expanded'}
fontstyle or style: {'normal', 'italic', 'oblique'}
fontvariant or variant: {'normal', 'small-caps'}
fontweight or weight: {a numeric value in range 0-1000, 'ultralight', 'light', 'normal', 'regular', 'book', 'medium', 'roman', 'semibold', 'demibold', 'demi', 'bold', 'heavy', 'extra bold', 'black'}
gid: str
horizontalalignment or ha: {'center', 'right', 'left'}
in_layout: bool
label: object
linespacing: float (multiple of font size)
math_fontfamily: str
multialignment or ma: {'left', 'right', 'center'}
path_effects: `.AbstractPathEffect`
picker: None or bool or float or callable
position: (float, float)
rasterized: bool
rotation: float or {'vertical', 'horizontal'}
rotation_mode: {None, 'default', 'anchor'}
sketch_params: (scale: float, length: float, randomness: float)
snap: bool or None
text: object
transform: `.Transform`
transform_rotates_text: bool
url: str
usetex: bool or None
verticalalignment or va: {'center', 'top', 'bottom', 'baseline', 'center_baseline'}
visible: bool
wrap: bool
x: float
y: float
zorder: float
Examples
--------
Individual keyword arguments can be used to override any given
parameter::
>>> text(x, y, s, fontsize=12)
The default transform specifies that text is in data coords,
alternatively, you can specify text in axis coords ((0, 0) is
lower-left and (1, 1) is upper-right). The example below places
text in the center of the Axes::
>>> text(0.5, 0.5, 'matplotlib', horizontalalignment='center',
... verticalalignment='center', transform=ax.transAxes)
You can put a rectangular box around the text instance (e.g., to
set a background color) by using the keyword *bbox*. *bbox* is
a dictionary of `~matplotlib.patches.Rectangle`
properties. For example::
>>> text(x, y, s, bbox=dict(facecolor='red', alpha=0.5))
plt.bar()参数说明
plt.bar(
x,
height,
width=0.8,
bottom=None,
*,
align='center',
data=None,
**kwargs,
)
Docstring:
Make a bar plot.
The bars are positioned at *x* with the given *align*\ment. Their
dimensions are given by *height* and *width*. The vertical baseline
is *bottom* (default 0).
Many parameters can take either a single value applying to all bars
or a sequence of values, one for each bar.
Parameters
----------
x : float or array-like
The x coordinates of the bars. See also *align* for the
alignment of the bars to the coordinates.
height : float or array-like
The height(s) of the bars.
width : float or array-like, default: 0.8
The width(s) of the bars.
bottom : float or array-like, default: 0
The y coordinate(s) of the bars bases.
align : {'center', 'edge'}, default: 'center'
Alignment of the bars to the *x* coordinates:
- 'center': Center the base on the *x* positions.
- 'edge': Align the left edges of the bars with the *x* positions.
To align the bars on the right edge pass a negative *width* and
``align='edge'``.
Returns
-------
`.BarContainer`
Container with all the bars and optionally errorbars.
Other Parameters
----------------
color : color or list of color, optional
The colors of the bar faces.
edgecolor : color or list of color, optional
The colors of the bar edges.
linewidth : float or array-like, optional
Width of the bar edge(s). If 0, don't draw edges.
tick_label : str or list of str, optional
The tick labels of the bars.
Default: None (Use default numeric labels.)
xerr, yerr : float or array-like of shape(N,) or shape(2, N), optional
If not *None*, add horizontal / vertical errorbars to the bar tips.
The values are +/- sizes relative to the data:
- scalar: symmetric +/- values for all bars
- shape(N,): symmetric +/- values for each bar
- shape(2, N): Separate - and + values for each bar. First row
contains the lower errors, the second row contains the upper
errors.
- *None*: No errorbar. (Default)
See :doc:`/gallery/statistics/errorbar_features`
for an example on the usage of ``xerr`` and ``yerr``.
ecolor : color or list of color, default: 'black'
The line color of the errorbars.
capsize : float, default: :rc:`errorbar.capsize`
The length of the error bar caps in points.
error_kw : dict, optional
Dictionary of kwargs to be passed to the `~.Axes.errorbar`
method. Values of *ecolor* or *capsize* defined here take
precedence over the independent kwargs.
log : bool, default: False
If *True*, set the y-axis to be log scale.
**kwargs : `.Rectangle` properties
Properties:
agg_filter: a filter function, which takes a (m, n, 3) float array and a dpi value, and returns a (m, n, 3) array
alpha: scalar or None
animated: bool
antialiased or aa: unknown
capstyle: `.CapStyle` or {'butt', 'projecting', 'round'}
clip_box: `.Bbox`
clip_on: bool
clip_path: Patch or (Path, Transform) or None
color: color
contains: unknown
edgecolor or ec: color or None or 'auto'
facecolor or fc: color or None
figure: `.Figure`
fill: bool
gid: str
hatch: {'/', '\\', '|', '-', '+', 'x', 'o', 'O', '.', '*'}
in_layout: bool
joinstyle: `.JoinStyle` or {'miter', 'round', 'bevel'}
label: object
linestyle or ls: {'-', '--', '-.', ':', '', (offset, on-off-seq), ...}
linewidth or lw: float or None
path_effects: `.AbstractPathEffect`
picker: None or bool or float or callable
rasterized: bool
sketch_params: (scale: float, length: float, randomness: float)
snap: bool or None
transform: `.Transform`
url: str
visible: bool
zorder: float
See Also
--------
barh : Plot a horizontal bar plot.
Notes
-----
Stacked bars can be achieved by passing individual *bottom* values per
bar. See :doc:`/gallery/lines_bars_and_markers/bar_stacked`.
.. note::
In addition to the above described arguments, this function can take
a *data* keyword argument. If such a *data* argument is given,
every other argument can also be string ``s``, which is
interpreted as ``data[s]`` (unless this raises an exception).
Objects passed as **data** must support item access (``data[s]``) and
membership test (``s in data``).
plt.imshow()参数说明
plt.imshow(
X,
cmap=None,
norm=None,
aspect=None,
interpolation=None,
alpha=None,
vmin=None,
vmax=None,
origin=None,
extent=None,
*,
filternorm=True,
filterrad=4.0,
resample=None,
url=None,
data=None,
**kwargs,
)
Docstring:
Display data as an image, i.e., on a 2D regular raster.
The input may either be actual RGB(A) data, or 2D scalar data, which
will be rendered as a pseudocolor image. For displaying a grayscale
image set up the colormapping using the parameters
``cmap='gray', vmin=0, vmax=255``.
The number of pixels used to render an image is set by the Axes size
and the *dpi* of the figure. This can lead to aliasing artifacts when
the image is resampled because the displayed image size will usually
not match the size of *X* (see
:doc:`/gallery/images_contours_and_fields/image_antialiasing`).
The resampling can be controlled via the *interpolation* parameter
and/or :rc:`image.interpolation`.
Parameters
----------
X : array-like or PIL image
The image data. Supported array shapes are:
- (M, N): an image with scalar data. The values are mapped to
colors using normalization and a colormap. See parameters *norm*,
*cmap*, *vmin*, *vmax*.
- (M, N, 3): an image with RGB values (0-1 float or 0-255 int).
- (M, N, 4): an image with RGBA values (0-1 float or 0-255 int),
i.e. including transparency.
The first two dimensions (M, N) define the rows and columns of
the image.
Out-of-range RGB(A) values are clipped.
cmap : str or `~matplotlib.colors.Colormap`, default: :rc:`image.cmap`
The Colormap instance or registered colormap name used to map
scalar data to colors. This parameter is ignored for RGB(A) data.
norm : `~matplotlib.colors.Normalize`, optional
The `.Normalize` instance used to scale scalar data to the [0, 1]
range before mapping to colors using *cmap*. By default, a linear
scaling mapping the lowest value to 0 and the highest to 1 is used.
This parameter is ignored for RGB(A) data.
aspect : {'equal', 'auto'} or float, default: :rc:`image.aspect`
The aspect ratio of the Axes. This parameter is particularly
relevant for images since it determines whether data pixels are
square.
This parameter is a shortcut for explicitly calling
`.Axes.set_aspect`. See there for further details.
- 'equal': Ensures an aspect ratio of 1. Pixels will be square
(unless pixel sizes are explicitly made non-square in data
coordinates using *extent*).
- 'auto': The Axes is kept fixed and the aspect is adjusted so
that the data fit in the Axes. In general, this will result in
non-square pixels.
interpolation : str, default: :rc:`image.interpolation`
The interpolation method used.
Supported values are 'none', 'antialiased', 'nearest', 'bilinear',
'bicubic', 'spline16', 'spline36', 'hanning', 'hamming', 'hermite',
'kaiser', 'quadric', 'catrom', 'gaussian', 'bessel', 'mitchell',
'sinc', 'lanczos', 'blackman'.
If *interpolation* is 'none', then no interpolation is performed
on the Agg, ps, pdf and svg backends. Other backends will fall back
to 'nearest'. Note that most SVG renderers perform interpolation at
rendering and that the default interpolation method they implement
may differ.
If *interpolation* is the default 'antialiased', then 'nearest'
interpolation is used if the image is upsampled by more than a
factor of three (i.e. the number of display pixels is at least
three times the size of the data array). If the upsampling rate is
smaller than 3, or the image is downsampled, then 'hanning'
interpolation is used to act as an anti-aliasing filter, unless the
image happens to be upsampled by exactly a factor of two or one.
See
:doc:`/gallery/images_contours_and_fields/interpolation_methods`
for an overview of the supported interpolation methods, and
:doc:`/gallery/images_contours_and_fields/image_antialiasing` for
a discussion of image antialiasing.
Some interpolation methods require an additional radius parameter,
which can be set by *filterrad*. Additionally, the antigrain image
resize filter is controlled by the parameter *filternorm*.
alpha : float or array-like, optional
The alpha blending value, between 0 (transparent) and 1 (opaque).
If *alpha* is an array, the alpha blending values are applied pixel
by pixel, and *alpha* must have the same shape as *X*.
vmin, vmax : float, optional
When using scalar data and no explicit *norm*, *vmin* and *vmax*
define the data range that the colormap covers. By default,
the colormap covers the complete value range of the supplied
data. It is deprecated to use *vmin*/*vmax* when *norm* is given.
When using RGB(A) data, parameters *vmin*/*vmax* are ignored.
origin : {'upper', 'lower'}, default: :rc:`image.origin`
Place the [0, 0] index of the array in the upper left or lower
left corner of the Axes. The convention (the default) 'upper' is
typically used for matrices and images.
Note that the vertical axis points upward for 'lower'
but downward for 'upper'.
See the :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/imshow_extent` tutorial for
examples and a more detailed description.
extent : floats (left, right, bottom, top), optional
The bounding box in data coordinates that the image will fill.
The image is stretched individually along x and y to fill the box.
The default extent is determined by the following conditions.
Pixels have unit size in data coordinates. Their centers are on
integer coordinates, and their center coordinates range from 0 to
columns-1 horizontally and from 0 to rows-1 vertically.
Note that the direction of the vertical axis and thus the default
values for top and bottom depend on *origin*:
- For ``origin == 'upper'`` the default is
``(-0.5, numcols-0.5, numrows-0.5, -0.5)``.
- For ``origin == 'lower'`` the default is
``(-0.5, numcols-0.5, -0.5, numrows-0.5)``.
See the :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/imshow_extent` tutorial for
examples and a more detailed description.
filternorm : bool, default: True
A parameter for the antigrain image resize filter (see the
antigrain documentation). If *filternorm* is set, the filter
normalizes integer values and corrects the rounding errors. It
doesn't do anything with the source floating point values, it
corrects only integers according to the rule of 1.0 which means
that any sum of pixel weights must be equal to 1.0. So, the
filter function must produce a graph of the proper shape.
filterrad : float > 0, default: 4.0
The filter radius for filters that have a radius parameter, i.e.
when interpolation is one of: 'sinc', 'lanczos' or 'blackman'.
resample : bool, default: :rc:`image.resample`
When *True*, use a full resampling method. When *False*, only
resample when the output image is larger than the input image.
url : str, optional
Set the url of the created `.AxesImage`. See `.Artist.set_url`.
Returns
-------
`~matplotlib.image.AxesImage`
Other Parameters
----------------
**kwargs : `~matplotlib.artist.Artist` properties
These parameters are passed on to the constructor of the
`.AxesImage` artist.
See Also
--------
matshow : Plot a matrix or an array as an image.
Notes
-----
Unless *extent* is used, pixel centers will be located at integer
coordinates. In other words: the origin will coincide with the center
of pixel (0, 0).
There are two common representations for RGB images with an alpha
channel:
- Straight (unassociated) alpha: R, G, and B channels represent the
color of the pixel, disregarding its opacity.
- Premultiplied (associated) alpha: R, G, and B channels represent
the color of the pixel, adjusted for its opacity by multiplication.
`~matplotlib.pyplot.imshow` expects RGB images adopting the straight
(unassociated) alpha representation.
.. note::
In addition to the above described arguments, this function can take
a *data* keyword argument. If such a *data* argument is given,
every other argument can also be string ``s``, which is
interpreted as ``data[s]`` (unless this raises an exception).
Objects passed as **data** must support item access (``data[s]``) and
membership test (``s in data``).
plot_surface()参数说明
ax.plot_surface(
X,
Y,
Z,
*args,
norm=None,
vmin=None,
vmax=None,
lightsource=None,
**kwargs,
)
Docstring:
Create a surface plot.
By default it will be colored in shades of a solid color, but it also
supports colormapping by supplying the *cmap* argument.
.. note::
The *rcount* and *ccount* kwargs, which both default to 50,
determine the maximum number of samples used in each direction. If
the input data is larger, it will be downsampled (by slicing) to
these numbers of points.
.. note::
To maximize rendering speed consider setting *rstride* and *cstride*
to divisors of the number of rows minus 1 and columns minus 1
respectively. For example, given 51 rows rstride can be any of the
divisors of 50.
Similarly, a setting of *rstride* and *cstride* equal to 1 (or
*rcount* and *ccount* equal the number of rows and columns) can use
the optimized path.
Parameters
----------
X, Y, Z : 2D arrays
Data values.
rcount, ccount : int
Maximum number of samples used in each direction. If the input
data is larger, it will be downsampled (by slicing) to these
numbers of points. Defaults to 50.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
rstride, cstride : int
Downsampling stride in each direction. These arguments are
mutually exclusive with *rcount* and *ccount*. If only one of
*rstride* or *cstride* is set, the other defaults to 10.
'classic' mode uses a default of ``rstride = cstride = 10`` instead
of the new default of ``rcount = ccount = 50``.
color : color-like
Color of the surface patches.
cmap : Colormap
Colormap of the surface patches.
facecolors : array-like of colors.
Colors of each individual patch.
norm : Normalize
Normalization for the colormap.
vmin, vmax : float
Bounds for the normalization.
shade : bool, default: True
Whether to shade the facecolors. Shading is always disabled when
*cmap* is specified.
lightsource : `~matplotlib.colors.LightSource`
The lightsource to use when *shade* is True.
**kwargs
Other arguments are forwarded to `.Poly3DCollection`.
plt.subplot2grid()参数说明
Create a subplot at a specific location inside a regular grid.
Parameters
----------
shape : (int, int)
Number of rows and of columns of the grid in which to place axis.
loc : (int, int)
Row number and column number of the axis location within the grid.
rowspan : int, default: 1
Number of rows for the axis to span downwards.
colspan : int, default: 1
Number of columns for the axis to span to the right.
fig : `.Figure`, optional
Figure to place the subplot in. Defaults to the current figure.
**kwargs
Additional keyword arguments are handed to `~.Figure.add_subplot`.
Returns
-------
`.axes.SubplotBase`, or another subclass of `~.axes.Axes`
The axes of the subplot. The returned axes base class depends on the
projection used. It is `~.axes.Axes` if rectilinear projection is used
and `.projections.polar.PolarAxes` if polar projection is used. The
returned axes is then a subplot subclass of the base class.
Notes
-----
The following call ::
ax = subplot2grid((nrows, ncols), (row, col), rowspan, colspan)
is identical to ::
fig = gcf()
gs = fig.add_gridspec(nrows, ncols)
ax = fig.add_subplot(gs[row:row+rowspan, col:col+colspan])
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