Oracle 11g静默安装

Tyler唐

已于 2025-05-12 14:56:25 修改

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分类专栏： Linux-安装Oracle 文章标签： oracle 数据库 linux

于 2022-09-29 11:46:05 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_44270742/article/details/127103657

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订阅专栏

本文详细指导如何在Linux系统中设置swap大小，为Oracle安装做准备，包括创建用户和目录、配置hosts、安装依赖、内核调整、用户资源限制、响应文件编辑、silent安装、环境变量设置和防火墙开放。最后通过dbca静默创建数据库实例。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

一、先设置swap大小

设置方法见另外文档：(21条消息) Linux系统设置swap大小_Tyler唐的博客-优快云博客_linux swap设置多大

二、准备静默安装Oracle

2.1创建Oracle用户(ROOT用户下）

#关闭selinux

vi /etc/selinux/config

将SELINUX设置成disabled

保存后执行setenforce 0

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 501 oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 502 dba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 503 oper
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 501 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

2.2创建Oracle目录（ROOT用户下）

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/

2.3配置服务器/etc/hosts ,ip改为自己的IP，IP后面是服务器名称

hostnamectl set-hostname your-new-hostname
systemctl restart network

echo "192.168.1.1 oracle-server-01" >> /etc/hosts

重新ssh后生效

2.4ORACLE用户下解压安装包，安装包上传到home/oracle下

cd /home/oracle
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

#如果提示没有这个命令，先安装unzip，yum install unzip

2.5依赖包安装

yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 ksh libgcc libgcc.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 libstdc++-devel.i686 libstdc++-devel libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel

2.6内核配置

vi /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf 下添加下面的内容
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

2.7设置oracle用户资源限制

vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 10240

vi /etc/pam.d/login #添加以下内容

session required pam_limits.so

vi /etc/profile #添加以下内容

if [ /$USER = "oracle" ] ; then
if [ /$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi

2.8准备response file，路径：/home/orale/database/response/

其中database是Oracle软件解压后生成的目录。可见在response目录下有三个模板，其中dbca.rsp是用来创建数据库的 (也就是创建Oracle实例的)。netca.rsp是用作网络配置的。db_install.rsp是安装Oracle软件+创建数据库+网络配置。在这里为求方便，我们选择db_install.rsp模板。可以直接将下面的内容复制过去

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not change the following system generated value.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation option.
# It can be one of the following:
# - INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
# - INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
# - UPGRADE_DB
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used
# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the
# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames
# and network interfaces)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle11g-server-DG

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.
# This is an optional parameter if installing on
# Windows based Operating System.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_4

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation edition of the component.
#
# The value should contain only one of these choices.
# - EE : Enterprise Edition
# - SE : Standard Edition
# - SEONE : Standard Edition One
# - PE : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is used to enable or disable custom install and is considered
# only if InstallEdition is EE.
#
# true : Components mentioned as part of 'optionalComponents' property
# are considered for install.
# false : Value for 'optionalComponents' is not considered.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false

oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.
# The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.
# Example : oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=node1,node2
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is used to enable or disable RAC One Node install.
#
# - true : Value of RAC One Node service name is used.
# - false : Value of RAC One Node service name is not used.
#
# If left blank, it will be assumed to be false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the name for RAC One Node Service.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of database to create.
# It can be one of the following:
# - GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING
# - DATA_WAREHOUSE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database SID.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management
# in Database is desired.
# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation
# is to be done manually, then set it to false.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be
# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available
# on the system.
# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=7168

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto
# the starter database or not.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles
# and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default.
# These settings may also be disabled.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the
# starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=password

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSMAN password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database.
# It can be one of the following:
# - GRID_CONTROL
# - DB_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage
# the database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=

################################################################
# #
# SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS    #
# ------------------------------------       #
# Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned #
# using the entries below.                       #
# #
#####################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else
# this can be set to true.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if
# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup
# the database. This job will run as the operating system user that is
# specified in this variable.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if
# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup
# the database. This job will run as the operating system user specified by the
# above entry. The following entry stores the password for the above operating
# system user.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.
# It can be one of the following:
# - FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
# - ASM_STORAGE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control
# files, redo logs.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/u01/app/oracle/oradata

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the backup and recovery location.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the existing ASM disk groups to be used for storage.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the password for ASMSNMP user of the ASM instance.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.
#
# Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.
#
# Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for
# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.
# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.
#
# Example : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether user doesn't want to configure Security Updates.
# The value for this variable should be true if you don't want to configure
# Security Updates, false otherwise.
#
# The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed
# to be false.
#
# Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.
#
# Example : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_HOST=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and at least 2 chars.
#
# Example : PROXY_PORT=25
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PORT=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example : PROXY_USER=username
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_USER=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example : PROXY_PWD=password
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PWD=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy realm. This value is used if auto-updates option is selected.
#
# Example : PROXY_REALM=metalink
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_REALM=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Oracle Support Hub URL.
#
# Example : COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=https://orasupporthub.company.com:8080/
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the auto-updates option. It can be one of the following:
# - MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD
# - OFFLINE_UPDATES
# - SKIP_UPDATES
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# In case MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD option is chosen, specify the location where
# the updates are to be downloaded.
# In case OFFLINE_UPDATES option is chosen, specify the location where the updates
# are present.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username which has the patches download privileges
# to be used for software updates.
# Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password which has the patches download privileges
# to be used for software updates.
#
# Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

2.9ORACLE用户下执行安装程序

su - oracle
cd /home/oracle/database/
./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -showProgress -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

######################################################################

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Prepare in progress.
Copy files in progress.
Link binaries in progress.
Setup files in progress.
Oracle Net Configuration Assistant in progress.
Oracle Database Configuration Assistant in progress.
Execute Root Scripts in progress.
As a root user, execute the following script(s):
1. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
2. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_4/root.sh

Successfully Setup Software.

执行静默安装命令后，执行到As a root user, execute the following script(s)，需另启会话，在root用户下，执行上述2个脚本。提示：Successfully Setup Software.则安装成功。

2.10配置环境变量oracle用户下

vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_4/
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
#然后运行下面的命令，加载配置
source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

2.11放开防火墙，root用户下

firewall-cmd --add-port 1521/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

三、 dbca静默建库

3.1修改/home/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp文件，可直接复制

[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "dbm"
SID = "dbm"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
SYSPASSWORD = "password"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "password"
#EMCONFIGURATION = "NONE"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "password"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "password"
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
TOTALMEMORY = "10240"

3.2加载配置文件，oracle用户下

dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

这里如果创建报错，可以执行以下命令删除对应的 DB 即可：

dbca -deleteDatabase -sourceDB orcl -silent

3.3测试连接,使用system登录，密码在上面修改的配置文件,oracle用户下

sqlplus system/password@dbm

sqlplus / as sysdba 登录dba账号

3.2设置开机自启动

1、查看ORACLE_HOME

echo $ORACLE_HOME

2、编辑dbstart

vi $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart

将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME，前提是保证ORACLE_HOME设置正确

3、编辑/etc/oratab

将orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_4:N

修改为

orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_4:Y

4、vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local

在touch /var/lock/subsys/local 下面增加下面两行内容

su - oracle -lc "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_4/bin/lsnrctl start"

su - oracle -lc /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_4/bin/dbstart

5、授权

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/rc.local