本文主要介绍了在Linux系统中进行文件查找的方法，包括使用`which`、`find`和`locate`命令。详细讲解了`find`命令的用法，如按文件名字、大小、目录深度、文件类型和权限进行查找，并且提到了找到文件后可以执行的动作，如显示、删除以及结合`tar`进行压缩和解压操作。
一、文件查找
1.which ：命令查找
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# which ls
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
/usr/bin/ls
[root@localhost ~]# which ll
alias ll='ls -l --color=auto'
/usr/bin/ls
[root@localhost ~]# which cat
/usr/bin/cat
[root@localhost ~]# which find
/usr/bin/find
[root@localhost ~]#
2.find: 文件查找，针对文件名
3.locate：文件查找，依赖数据库
*查找任意文件（find命令）
语法：find [path…] [options] [expression] [action]
命令 路径 选项 表达式 动作
1.按文件名字查找
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -name "hosts"
/etc/hosts
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -iname "HoSts"
/etc/hosts
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -name "hos*"
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/hostname
/etc/host.conf
/etc/hosts
/etc/hosts.allow
/etc/hosts.deny
/etc/hostname
[root@localhost ~]#
-i忽略大小写
2.按文件大小：
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -size +5M
/etc/udev/hwdb.bin
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -size =5M
find: Invalid argument `=5M' to -size
[root@localhost ~]#
文件大于5M，用+5M ，小于5M用-5M
3.指定查找的目录深度：
[root@localhost ~]# find / -maxdepth 4 -a -name "ifcfg-en*"
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
[root@localhost ~]# find / -maxdepth 4 -a -name "ifcfg-en*"
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
[root@localhost ~]# find / -maxdepth 3 -a -name "ifcfg-en*"
[root@localhost ~]# find / -maxdepth 3 -a -name "ifcfg-en*"
`
ifcfg-en在第四层目录，在第三层是查不到的
4按文件属主、属组找：
```powershell
[root@localhost ~]# find /home -user jack
/home/jack
/home/jack/.bash_logout
/home/jack/.bash_profile
/home/jack/.bashrc
/home/jack/1.txt
/home/jack/2.txt
/home/jack/3.txt
/home/jack/4.txt
/home/jack/5.txt
/home/jack/.bash_history
[root@localhost ~]#
属主
[root@localhost ~]# find /home -user jack
/home/jack
/home/jack/.bash_logout
/home/jack/.bash_profile
/home/jack/.bashrc
/home/jack/1.txt
/home/jack/2.txt
/home/jack/3.txt
/home/jack/4.txt
/home/jack/5.txt
/home/jack/.bash_history
属组
[root@localhost ~]# find /home -group hr
[root@localhost ~]# chmod :hr /home/jack/1.txt
chmod: invalid mode: ‘:hr’
Try 'chmod --help' for more information.
[root@localhost ~]# chown :hr /home/jack/1.txt
[root@localhost ~]# find /home -group hr
/home/jack/1.txt
5.按文件类型
[root@localhost ~]# find /tmp -type f
/tmp/yum.log
/tmp/ks-script-1FBVzT
/tmp/CentOS-Base.repo
/tmp/CentOS-CR.repo
/tmp/CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
/tmp/CentOS-fasttrack.repo
/tmp/CentOS-Media.repo
/tmp/CentOS-Sources.repo
/tmp/CentOS-Vault.repo
/tmp/CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo
[root@localhost ~]# find /dev -type b
/dev/sdb1
/dev/dm-1
/dev/dm-0
/dev/sr0
/dev/sde
/dev/sdf
/dev/sdd
/dev/sdc
/dev/sdb
/dev/sda2
/dev/sda1
/dev/sda
[root@localhost ~]#
其他
f普通文件
b块设备文件
d目录
p管道
l连接
6.按文件权限：
root@localhost ~]# find . -perm 644 -ls
34130991 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18 Dec 29 2013 ./.bash_logout
34130992 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 176 Dec 29 2013 ./.bash_profile
34130993 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 176 Dec 29 2013 ./.bashrc
34130994 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 100 Dec 29 2013 ./.cshrc
34130995 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 129 Dec 29 2013 ./.tcshrc
33574996 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 4 09:41 ./123.txt
51281340 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26 Aug 4 10:22 ./dir4/dir5/123.txt
33575006 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 4 10:00 ./2.txt
33575007 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 4 10:00 ./3.txt
33575008 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 4 10:00 ./4.txt
33575009 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 4 10:00 ./5.txt
33575039 29052 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29747200 Aug 4 10:50 ./etc.tar
51283477 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 465 Jul 30 20:24 ./etc/fstab
51283480 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 73 Aug 4 09:08 ./etc/resolv.conf
807 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 483 Apr 4 01:24 ./etc/grub.d/README
33683750 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1690 Apr 8 06:01 ./etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
33683751 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1004 Apr 8 06:01 ./etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-7
33683752 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1690 Apr 8 06:01 ./etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
51283482 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 166 Nov 27 2019 ./etc/pki/ca-trust/README
51283483 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 980 Nov 27 2019 ./etc/pki/ca-trust/ca-legacy.conf
810 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 560 Nov 27 2019 ./etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/README
16777723 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 726 Nov 27 2019 ./etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/README
33683754 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 787 Nov 27 2019 ./etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/README
51283485 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 898 Nov 27 2019 ./etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/README
812 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 932 Nov 27 2019 ./etc/pki/ca-trust/source/README
16778199 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2516 Aug 9 2019 ./etc/pki/tls/certs/Makefile
816 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10923 Aug 6 2019 ./etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
16784259 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 257 Nov 28 2019 ./etc/pki/nss-legacy/nss-rhel7.config
33683765 64 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Dec 11 2019 ./etc/pki/nssdb/cert8.db
33683766 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9216 Dec 11 2019 ./etc/pki/nssdb/cert9.db
33683767 16 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16384 Dec 11 2019 ./etc/pki/nssdb/key3.db
33683768 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11264 Dec 11 2019 ./etc/pki/nssdb/key4.db
33683769 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 451 Nov 28 2019 ./etc/pki/nssdb/pkcs11.txt
-ls 是find的动作之一，精确权限
7.找到后处理的动作 ACTIONS：
（1）找到后默认是显示文件
短格式
[root@localhost ~]# find /home -user jack -print
/home/jack
/home/jack/.bash_logout
/home/jack/.bash_profile
/home/jack/.bashrc
/home/jack/1.txt
/home/jack/2.txt
/home/jack/3.txt
/home/jack/4.txt
/home/jack/5.txt
/home/jack/.bash_history
[root@localhost ~]#
长格式
[root@localhost ~]# find /home -user jack -ls
7945 0 drwx------ 2 jack jack 148 Aug 4 10:01 /home/jack
7951 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 jack jack 18 Apr 1 10:17 /home/jack/.bash_logout
7955 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 jack jack 193 Apr 1 10:17 /home/jack/.bash_profile
7964 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 jack jack 231 Apr 1 10:17 /home/jack/.bashrc
7966 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 jack hr 0 Aug 4 10:01 /home/jack/1.txt
7967 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack 0 Aug 4 10:01 /home/jack/2.txt
7968 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack 0 Aug 4 10:01 /home/jack/3.txt
7969 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack 0 Aug 4 10:01 /home/jack/4.txt
7970 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack 0 Aug 4 10:01 /home/jack/5.txt
7971 4 -rw------- 1 jack jack 25 Aug 4 10:01 /home/jack/.bash_history
[root@localhost ~]#
找到后删除
[root@localhost ~]# find /home -group hr -delete
[root@localhost ~]# find /home -group hr
`找到后复制
`[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -name "ifcfg*" -ok cp -rvf {} /tmp \;
< cp ... /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo > ? y
‘/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo’ -> ‘/tmp/ifcfg-lo’
< cp ... /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 > ? y
‘/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33’ -> ‘/tmp/ifcfg-ens33’
[root@localhost ~]# y
-bash: y: command not found
[root@localhost ~]# ls /tmp
CentOS-Base.repo ifcfg-ens33
CentOS-CR.repo ifcfg-lo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo ks-script-1FBVzT
CentOS-fasttrack.repo systemd-private-8579d1c3e9c042caae1f87fec8a3c362-systemd-hostnamed.service-icDK81
CentOS-Media.repo vmware-root_666-2731021219
CentOS-Sources.repo vmware-root_682-2697467275
CentOS-Vault.repo vmware-root_698-2730496923
CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo yum.log
[root@localhost ~]#
`
（二）文件打包及压缩
简介：tar命令是Unix/Linux系统中备份文件的可靠方法，
几乎可以工作于任何环境中，它的使用权限是所有用户。
建议针对目录
语法：tar 选项 压缩包名称 源文件
打包、压缩
```powershell
[root@localhost ~]# tar -cf etc.tar /etc
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@localhost ~]# ls
123.txt 1.txt 2.txt 3.txt 4.txt 5.txt anaconda-ks.cfg dir1 dir2 dir3 dir4 etc.tar file1
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf etc.tar
[root@localhost ~]# ls
123.txt 1.txt 2.txt 3.txt 4.txt 5.txt anaconda-ks.cfg dir1 dir2 dir3 dir4 etc etc.tar file1
[root@localhost ~]#
#tar -czvf etc-gzip.tar.gz /etc/ /z是gzip
#tar -cjf etc-bzip.tar.bz /etc/ /j是bzip
#tar -cJf etc-xzip.tar.xz /etc/ ///J是xzip
观察三个包的体积。
[root@localhost ~]# tar -cJf etc-xzip.tar.xz /etc/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@localhost ~]# ll -h etc*
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9.9M Aug 4 18:50 etc-gzip.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 29M Aug 4 18:47 etc.tar
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7.1M Aug 4 18:52 etc-xzip.tar.xz
2.解压、解包
查看,并没有解压
tar -tf etc.tar
#tar -xvf etc-xzip.tar.xz
[root@localhost ~]# ls
123.txt 2.txt 4.txt anaconda-ks.cfg dir2 dir4 etc-gzip.tar.gz etc-xzip.tar.xz
1.txt 3.txt 5.txt dir1 dir3 etc etc.tar file1
扫一扫
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
