Missile history and national development

电子科技大学 格拉斯哥学院 2017级 倪宁
With the rapid development of the world, military force has become an important cornerstone for national development.Only with a strong enough military force can equal trade relations be promoted and the country developed continuously.Among the many weapons, the missile is well known. Here is its history.

As a weapon, the missile is propelled by its own power device, guided and controlled by the guidance system to guide the flight path and guide the warhead to the target.The warhead of the missile may be a conventional charge, a nuclear charge or a chemical biological warfare agent.Among them, those with ordinary charge are called “conventional missile” and those with nuclear charge are called “nuclear missile”.Icbm is also the core pole of the nuclear trinity.

Missiles were a weapon that began to appear in the 1940s.In the latter part of the second world war, v-1 and v-2 missiles were first used in actual combat by Germany, which bombed Britain across the sea from the west coast of Europe.However, these missiles, due to their propulsion and other reasons, only have a harassing effect on the UK and have little operational effect.However, this batch of missiles played an important role in guiding the development of missile technology in the future.

The ballistic surface-to-surface missile is the most rapidly developing type of missile. In the late 1940s, the United States and the former Soviet union respectively assembled a batch of v-2 missiles with German equipment for testing, and set out to improve its range and guidance accuracy.In the 1950s, there emerged a batch of medium-range and long-range liquid missiles, which were characterized by the use of large thrust engines and multi-stage rockets to increase the range to thousands of kilometers, and the power of nuclear warhead reached millions of tons of TNT equivalent, which has become a deterrent weapon.

However, because the oxidizer is still liquid oxygen, the guidance system accuracy is not very high, the missile is still launched on the ground, the ground equipment is complex, the launch preparation time is long, the survivability is not high.So these missiles only solve the problem of whether or not, is not an effective weapon of war.

In the 1960s, storable hypergolic liquid propellants or solid propellants were used, high-precision inertial devices were used in guidance systems, and the launching mode was changed to underground well launch or submarine launch.These changes simplify the weapon system, shorten reaction time, improve survivability, and make the missile a practical weapon.Since then, missile technology has focused on the development of multi-warhead missiles, each carrying several or even more than a dozen sub-warheads, each of which can be aimed at its own target.In this way, without increasing the number of missiles, the number of warheads can be greatly increased, which increases the probability of breaking through the anti-missile defense system, and increases the number of warheads that survive a single attack, and also provides the possibility of hitting more targets at the same time.The technical basis of multi-warhead missile separation is the development of high-precision guidance system and small nuclear device.

America first in 1970 in “militia” Ⅲ missile with three sub warhead is achieved, then the United States, Su Zaixin developed using the technology of long-range missiles.With the improvement of precision and reconnaissance capability of offensive missile, it is more and more difficult for missiles launched from fixed bases to guarantee their own safety.The problem of low survivability can be solved to some extent by means of reinforcement.Mobile launch mode works better.Some smaller missiles are more mobile.Large multi-warhead missiles are bulky and difficult to launch on land.Some countries are instead developing small, single-warhead intercontinental missiles that can be launched with ease.

Now let’s introduce China’s missile history.In the 1960s, medium-range missiles were developed.Basically from March 1965 to develop the experiment, to the end of 1966 the first successful launch.Then in the early 1960s, China began to imitate the flying missile and successfully developed it in 1966.At that time, the missile was called the upstream no.1 ship missile, and the development of this missile successfully ended the history of our navy with no ship and no bomb.In 1971 it developed a new missile, the eagle strike 8, which made its first successful flight in November of that year.

Worth mentioning is China’s nuclear missile.In 1956, China and the Soviet union were very close at that time.China received two copies of the german-made R_1 rocket from the Soviet union, and on May 26 of the same year, the China ballistic missile research institute and the institute of atomic energy research and design were founded, with qian xuesen as the President.At 15:00 Beijing time on October 16, 1964, China’s first atomic bomb exploded successfully in xinjiang, ending China’s history of not having nuclear weapons.The dongfeng 2A extended range missile was successfully launched in November of the following year.What is more memorable is that on May 18, 1980, at 10 o 'clock in the morning, China’s first intercontinental missile, dongfeng 5, was successfully launched from jiuquan launch site in China.This makes China the third country in the world, after the United States and the Soviet union, to have an intercontinental missile.

To sum up, the combat mission of missile weapons is combat combat and deterrence.Because the missile weapon is crystal and the embodiment of modern high-tech, has the prominent characteristics of different from general offensive weapons, especially its great power, range far, high precision and strong penetration capability, the salient features, make it has strong offensive and powerful deterrent weapons, became a pillar of maintaining strategic balance, the leading role of asymmetric warfare, and “one’s speciality”, the information-based war battle gear, essential weapons in the battle for accurate, all kinds of weapons platform capabilities of lifter, modern warfare defense system’s main interceptors, etc.