经典排序算法详解-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_43665091/article/details/85085114

本文深入讲解了多种经典的排序算法，包括冒泡排序、选择排序、插入排序、希尔排序、堆排序、归并排序、快速排序等，通过详细的代码示例展示了每种算法的工作原理和实现过程。

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冒泡排序

#include <stdio.h>

void mySwap(int *a, int i, int j)
{
	int tmp = a[i];
	a[i] = a[j];
	a[j] = tmp;
}

void myPrint(int *a, int len)
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		printf ("%4d", a[i]);
	}
	printf ("\n");
}


void mySort(int *a, int len)
{
	int left  = 0;
	int right = len-1;
	
	int i;
	while (left < right)
	{
		for (i = left; i < right; i++)  // 从左往右走，找最大元素沉底
		{
			if (a[i] > a[i+1])
			{
				mySwap(a, i, i+1);
			}
		}
		right--;
		
		for (i = right; i>left; i--)    // 从右往左走，找最小元素上浮
		{
			if (a[i] < a[i-1])
			{
				mySwap(a, i, i-1);
			}
		}
		left++;
	}
}


void mySort1(int *a, int left, int right)
{
	if (left >= right)
		return;
	
	int i;
	for (i = left; i < right; i++)  // 从左往右走，找最大元素沉底
	{
		if (a[i] > a[i+1])
		{
			mySwap(a, i, i+1);
		}
	}
	right--;
	
	for (i = right; i>left; i--)    // 从右往左走，找最小元素上浮
	{
		if (a[i] < a[i-1])
		{
			mySwap(a, i, i-1);
		}
	}
	left++;
	
	mySort1(a, left, right);
}

int main()
{
	int a[] = {9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0};
	int len = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);
	// mySort(a, len);
	mySort1(a, 0, len-1);
	myPrint(a, len);
	
	
	
	return 0;
}

鸡尾酒排序

#include <stdio.h>

void mySwap(int *a, int i, int j)
{
	int tmp = a[i];
	a[i] = a[j];
	a[j] = tmp;
}


void mySort(int *a, int len)
{
	int i, j;
	for (i=0; i < len-1; i++)  			   // 将最大元素沉底的次数
	{
		for (j = 0; j < len-1-i; j++)      // 将当前数组最大元素沉底
		{
			if (a[j] > a[j+1])
			{
				mySwap(a, j, j+1);  // 交换
			}
		}
	}
}

void mySort1(int *a, int len)
{
	if (len == 1)
		return;
	
	int i, j;
	for (j = 0; j < len-1; j++)     
	{
		if (a[j] > a[j+1])
		{
			mySwap(a, j, j+1);  // 交换
		}
	}
	
	mySort1(a, len-1);
}

void myPrint(int *a, int len)
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		printf ("%4d", a[i]);
	}
	printf ("\n");
}

int main()
{
	int a[] = {9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0};
	int len = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);
	// mySort(a, len);
	mySort1(a, len);
	myPrint(a, len);
	
	
	
	return 0;
}

选择排序

#include <stdio.h>

void mySwap(int *a, int i, int j)
{
	int tmp = a[i];
	a[i] = a[j];
	a[j] = tmp;
}
void myPrint(int *a, int len)
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		printf ("%4d", a[i]);
	}
	printf ("\n");
}


void mySort(int *a, int len)
{
	int i, j;
	
	for (i = 0; i < len-1; i++)      // 找的次数
	{
		int min = i; 
		for (j = i+1; j < len; j++)
		{
			if (a[min] > a[j])
			{
				min = j;
			}
		}
	
		if (min != i)
			mySwap(a, min, i);
	}
}

int main()
{
	int a[] = {9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0};
	int len = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);
	mySort(a, len);
	myPrint(a, len);
	
	return 0;
}

插入排序

#include <stdio.h>

void mySwap(int *a, int i, int j)
{
	int tmp = a[i];
	a[i] = a[j];
	a[j] = tmp;
}
void myPrint(int *a, int len)
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		printf ("%4d", a[i]);
	}
	printf ("\n");
}


void mySort(int *a, int len)
{
	int i;
	for (i = 1; i < len; i++)
	{
		int get = a[i];
		
		int j = i-1;
		while (j >= 0 && a[j]>get) 
		{
			a[j+1] = a[j];
			j--;
		}
		a[j+1] = get;
	}
}

int main()
{
	int a[] = {9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0};
	int len = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);
	mySort(a, len);
	myPrint(a, len);
	
	return 0;
}

二分插入排序

#include <stdio.h>

void mySwap(int *a, int i, int j)
{
	int tmp = a[i];
	a[i] = a[j];
	a[j] = tmp;
}
void myPrint(int *a, int len)
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		printf ("%4d", a[i]);
	}
	printf ("\n");
}


void mySort(int *a, int len)
{
	int i;
	for (i = 1; i < len; i++)
	{
		int get = a[i];
		int left  = 0;
		int right = i-1; 
		
		while (left <= right)
		{
			int mid = (left+right)/2;     // 中间元素的下标
			if (a[mid] > get)
				right = mid-1;
			else
				left  = mid+1;
		}
		
		// 移位
		int j;
		for (j = i-1; j >= left; j--)
			a[j+1] = a[j];
		
		a[left] = get;
	}
}

int main()
{
	int a[] = {9,8,7,6,5,4,13,3,2,1,0};
	int len = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);
	mySort(a, len);
	myPrint(a, len);
	
	return 0;
}

希尔排序

#include <stdio.h>

void mySwap(int *a, int i, int j)
{
	int tmp = a[i];
	a[i] = a[j];
	a[j] = tmp;
}
void myPrint(int *a, int len)
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		printf ("%4d", a[i]);
	}
	printf ("\n");
}


void mySort(int *a, int len)
{
	int gap = 1;
	
	while(gap < len)
	{
		gap = gap*3+1;
	}
	
	while (gap > 0)
	{
		int i;
		for (i = gap; i < len; i++)
		{
			int get = a[i];
			
			int j = i-gap;
			while (j >= 0 && a[j]>get) 
			{
				a[j+gap] = a[j];
				j -= gap;
			}
			a[j+gap] = get;
		}
		printf ("gap = %d  :  ", gap);
		myPrint(a, len);
		gap = gap / 3;
	}
}

int main()
{
	int a[] = {9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0};
	int len = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);
	mySort(a, len);
	myPrint(a, len);
	
	return 0;
}

堆排序

#include <stdio.h>

void mySwap(int *a, int i, int j)
{
	int tmp = a[i];
	a[i] = a[j];
	a[j] = tmp;
}
void myPrint(int *a, int len)
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		printf ("%4d", a[i]);
	}
	printf ("\n");
}

// 调整堆
void herify(int *a, int index, int len)
{
	int lindex = 2*index + 1;  // 左孩子结点下标
	int rindex = 2*index + 2;  // 右孩子结点下标
	
	int max = index;
	if (lindex<len && a[max]<a[lindex])
		max = lindex;
	
	if (rindex<len && a[max]<a[rindex])
		max = rindex;

	if (max != index)
	{
		mySwap(a, max, index);	
		herify(a, max, len);
	}
}


void mySort(int *a, int len)
{
	// 建堆: 从非叶节点开始，把每一个结点搞成大顶堆
	int i;
	for (i = len/2-1; i>=0; i--)
	{
		herify(a, i, len);
	}
	
	// 排序
	int count = len;
	for (i=len-1; i > 0; i--)
	{
		mySwap(a, 0, i);     // 堆顶元素和当前堆最后一个元素进行交换
		count--;
		herify(a, 0, count);
	}
}

int main()
{
	int a[] = {5,8,6,7,9,4,3,2,1,0};
	int len = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);
	mySort(a, len);
	myPrint(a, len);
	
	return 0;
}

归并排序

#include <stdio.h>

void mySwap(int *a, int i, int j)
{
	int tmp = a[i];
	a[i] = a[j];
	a[j] = tmp;
}
void myPrint(int *a, int len)
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		printf ("%4d", a[i]);
	}
	printf ("\n");
}

void merge(int *a, int left, int mid, int right, int *tmp)
{
	int i = left;    // 左半边数组下标
	int j = mid+1;   // 右半边数组下标
	int k = 0;       // 临时数组使用的下标
	
	while(i<=mid && j<=right)
	{
		if (a[i] < a[j])
			tmp[k++] = a[i++];
		else
			tmp[k++] = a[j++];
	}
	
	while(i<=mid)
	{
		tmp[k++] = a[i++];
	}
	
	while (j<=right)
	{
		tmp[k++] = a[j++];
	}
	
	for(i = 0; i < k; i++)
	{
		a[left+i] = tmp[i];
	}
}

void mergeSort(int *a, int left, int right, int *tmp)
{
	int mid = (left+right)/2;
	
	if (left < right)
	{
		mergeSort(a, left, mid, tmp);     // 对左边数组进行归并排序
		mergeSort(a, mid+1, right, tmp);  // 对右边数组进行归并排序
		merge(a, left, mid, right, tmp);  // 合并左右两个数组
	}
}

int main()
{
	int a[] = {5,8,6,7,9,4,3,2,1,0};
	int len = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);
	
	int tmp[10];
	mergeSort(a, 0, len-1, tmp);
	myPrint(a, len);
	
	return 0;
}

快速排序

#include <stdio.h>

void mySwap(int *a, int i, int j)
{
	int tmp = a[i];
	a[i] = a[j];
	a[j] = tmp;
}
void myPrint(int *a, int len)
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		printf ("%4d", a[i]);
	}
	printf ("\n");
}

int partion(int *a, int left, int right)
{
	int pivot = a[right];    // 以最后一个元素作为基准值
	
	while(left < right)
	{
		while (a[left] <= pivot && left < right)
		{
			left++;
		}
		if (left < right)
		{
			a[right] = a[left];
			right--;
		}
		
		
		while (a[right] >= pivot && left < right)
		{
			right--;
		}
		
		if (left < right)
		{
			a[left] = a[right];
			left++;
		}
	}
	
	a[left] = pivot;
	
	return left;
}

void quickSort(int *a, int left, int right)
{
	if (left < right)
	{
		int pivotIndex = partion(a, left, right);    // 算基准值下标
		quickSort(a, left, pivotIndex-1);    // 对左半部分做快速排序
		quickSort(a, pivotIndex+1, right);   // 对右半部分做快速排序
	}
}

int main()
{
	int a[] = {5,8,6,0,9,4,3,2,1,7};
	int len = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);
	
	quickSort(a, 0, len-1);
	myPrint(a, len);
	
	return 0;
}

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