本文详细介绍SpringCloud项目搭建过程，包括环境配置、模块划分、依赖管理等关键步骤。通过具体示例，如Eureka服务注册与发现、部门服务提供者与消费者的创建，以及Feign与Ribbon的集成，深入解析微服务间的通信与负载均衡策略。
springcloud项目搭建
环境 idea+maven+jdk1.8
1，创建父项目cc-springcloud
下一步下一步 这里就忽略了
父项目pom文件
规范子项目的依赖版本
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.hc</groupId>
<artifactId>cc-springcloud</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<!--保证编译的是java8版本-->
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR3</spring-cloud.version>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- springCloud -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- springboot -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.9.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 可以引入上面的版本 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<modules>
<module>cc-api</module>
<module>cc-dept-provider</module>
<module>cc-dept-consumer</module>
<module>cc-eureka-server</module>
<module>cc-dept-consumer-feign</module>
</modules>
</project>
2，创建公共项目cc-api
这里放所有的实例，以及对外暴露的接口
cc-api的pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cc-springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.hc</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cc-api</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>cc-api</name>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
创建一个实例 与数据库对应
还可以创建一个公共的工具类，这里忽略
3，创建eureka-server
pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cc-springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.hc</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cc-eureka-server</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>cc-eureka-server</name>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--告诉springboot它是eureka-server服务端 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
application.yml
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost #eureka服务端的实例名称
#hostname: eureka7001.com #ip地址 注意这个是ip地址
client:
register-with-eureka: false #false表示不向注册中心注册自己。否则启动自动注册的。
fetch-registry: false #false表示自己端就是注册中心，我的职责就是维护服务实例，并不需要去检索服务,并没有把自己写在入驻花名册里面，我自己就是甲方。
service-url:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
#设置与Eureka Server交互的地址查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址（单机）,就是物业的银行卡号让你去转账。
#defaultZone: http://localhost:8762/eureka/
spring:
application:
name: eureka-server #服务名称
启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApp
{
public static void main( String[] args )
{
SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApp.class,args);
}
}
4，创建生产者
pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cc-springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.hc</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cc-dept-provider</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>cc-dept-provider</name>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<artifactId>cc-api</artifactId>
<groupId>com.hc</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<!--<scope>runtime</scope>-->
</dependency>
<!--阿里巴巴druid数据源-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.6</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
application.yml
server:
port: 8081
#spring mybatis数据源
spring:
application:
#指定服务名称
name: dept-provider
datasource:
#mybatis数据连接
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
password: 123456
username: root
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test-dept?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&characterEncoding=UTF-8
name: test_dept
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
filters: stat
maxActive: 20
initialSize: 1
maxWait: 60000
minIdle: 1
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
validationQuery: select 'x'
testWhileIdle: true
testOnBorrow: false
testOnReturn: false
poolPreparedStatements: true
maxOpenPreparedStatements: 20
eureka:
instance:
instance-id: dept-service:${server.port}
prefer-ip-address: true
# hostname:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
## 该配置节点为独立的节点，有很多人容易将这个配置放在spring的节点下，导致配置无法被识别
mybatis:
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml # mybatis配置文件所在路径
mapper-locations: classpath:sqlMapper/*.xml #注意：一定要对应mapper映射xml文件的所在路径
type-aliases-package: com.hc.entity # 注意：对应实体类的路径
# 如果sql不是xml格式 配置数据库字段下划线和Java实体类映射
# mybatis 下划线转驼峰配置,两者都可以
#configuration:
#map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
#mapUnderscoreToCamelCase: true
#configuration:
#控制台打印sql语句 增加打印sql语句，一般用于本地开发测试
#这里有一个bug 就是在用maven创建的springBoot项目config-location和configuration这两个配置不能同时使用
#log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl
mapper，service，controller忽略，这跟单体应用一样的没有任何区别
mybatis.cfg.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true" /><!-- 二级缓存开启 -->
</settings>
</configuration>
mapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.hc.mapper.DeptMapper">
<select id="findById" resultType="com.hc.entity.Dept" parameterType="Long">
select id,name from dept where deptno=#{deptno};
</select>
<select id="findAll" resultType="com.hc.entity.Dept">
select id,name from dept;
</select>
<insert id="addDept" parameterType="com.hc.entity.Dept" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
INSERT INTO dept(name) VALUES(#{name});
</insert>
</mapper>
5，创建消费者
这里消费者调用生产者使用创建两种方式 一种使用RestTemplate，一种使用feign
feign比RestTemplate用起来要优雅多了，这里我推荐使用feign，但我这里两种都列出来
第一种RestTemplate
创建消费者
pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cc-springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.hc</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cc-dept-consumer</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>cc-dept-consumer</name>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<artifactId>cc-api</artifactId>
<groupId>com.hc</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
application.yml
server:
port: 9081
eureka:
instance:
instance-id: dept-consumer:${server.port}
prefer-ip-address: true
# hostname:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
spring:
application:
#指定服务名称
name: dept-consumer
config配置类
RestTemplate 远程调用模板bean
IRule 定义Ribbob负载均衡算法
package com.hc.config;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RetryRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RoundRobinRule;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
/**
* @program: cc-springcloud
* @description:
* @author: huangchao
* @create: 2019-11-10 20:07
**/
@Configuration
public class ConfigBeans {
//boot -->spring applicationContext.xml --- @Configuration配置 ConfigBean = applicationContext.xml
@Bean
@LoadBalanced//Spring Cloud Ribbon是基于Netflix Ribbon实现的一套客户端 负载均衡的工具。
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate()
{
return new RestTemplate();
}
@Bean
public IRule myRule()
{
//return new RoundRobinRule();//该策略实现安装线性轮询的方式依次选择每个服务实例
return new RandomRule();//该策略实现安随机算法，
//return new RetryRule();//具备重试机制的实例选择功能morning采用的轮训
}
}
编写controller远程调用生产者
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/rest")
public class DeptController_Consumer {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
//private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8081";
private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://DEPT-PROVIDER";//DEPT-PROVIDER是生产者注册到注册中心的服务名称，只有使用了eureka才可以这样使用
@RequestMapping(value = "/dept/add")
public boolean add(Dept dept)
{
return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/dept/add", dept, Boolean.class);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/dept/get/{id}")
public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
{
int a = 1;
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/dept/get/" + id, Dept.class);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/dept/list")
public List<Dept> list()
{
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/dept/list", List.class);
}
启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
//在启动该微服务的时候就能去加载我们的自定义Ribbon配置类，从而使配置生效 指明是哪个服务的负载均衡
//@RibbonClient(name="MICROSERVICECLOUD-DEPT",configuration= ConfigBeans.class)
public class DeptConsumerApp
{
public static void main( String[] args )
{
SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumerApp.class,args);
}
}
要测试ribbon负载均衡的话，把生产者以不同的端口号多启动几个，多次访问
ribbon默认的算法是轮循
第二种集成feign，feign默认集成了ribbon
忽略第一种，创建消费者项目
pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cc-springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.hc</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cc-dept-consumer-feign</artifactId>
<name>cc-dept-consumer-feign</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<artifactId>cc-api</artifactId>
<groupId>com.hc</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
application.xml
server:
port: 9081
eureka:
instance:
instance-id: dept-consumer:${server.port}
prefer-ip-address: true
# hostname:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
spring:
application:
#指定服务名称
name: dept-consumer
编写feign接口
import com.hc.entity.Dept;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import java.util.List;
@FeignClient(name = "dept-provider") //这里是指定哪个服务
public interface DeptFeignClient { //这里对外暴露的其实都可以迁移到公共项目中
@RequestMapping(value = "/dept/get/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
Dept get(@PathVariable("id") long id);
@RequestMapping(value = "/dept/list", method = RequestMethod.GET)
List<Dept> list();
@RequestMapping(value = "/dept/add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
boolean add(Dept dept);
}
controller实现调用
@RestController
public class DeptFeignController {
//调用api的service
@Autowired
private DeptFeignClient deptFeignClient;
@RequestMapping(value = "/dept/get/{id}")
public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
{
return deptFeignClient.get(id);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/dept/list")
public List<Dept> list()
{
return deptFeignClient.list();
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/dept/add")
public Object add(Dept dept)
{
return deptFeignClient.add(dept);
}
}
启动类
@FeignClient(name = "dept-provider")
public interface DeptFeignClient {
@RequestMapping(value = "/dept/get/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
Dept get(@PathVariable("id") long id);
@RequestMapping(value = "/dept/list", method = RequestMethod.GET)
List<Dept> list();
@RequestMapping(value = "/dept/add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
boolean add(Dept dept);
}
服务熔断
改造服务端dept-provider
添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
做实验 暂时只修改controller其中一个方法
启动类加上注解
@EnableCircuitBreaker//对hystrixR熔断机制的支持
应为远程调用fallback里面返回object会有错误
这里我直接封装了一层统一返回数据的格式
JsonData
package com.hc.utils;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* 功能描述：工具类
*
* <p> 创建时间：May 14, 2018 7:58:06 PM </p>
*/
public class JsonData implements Serializable {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private Integer code; // 状态码 0 表示成功，1表示处理中，-1表示失败
private Object data; // 数据
private String msg;// 描述
public JsonData() {
}
public JsonData(Integer code, Object data, String msg) {
this.code = code;
this.data = data;
this.msg = msg;
}
// 成功，传入数据
public static JsonData buildSuccess() {
return new JsonData(0, "", "请求成功");
}
// 成功，传入数据
public static JsonData buildSuccess(Object data) {
return new JsonData(0, data, "请求成功");
}
// 失败，传入描述信息
public static JsonData buildError(String msg) {
return new JsonData(-1, "", msg);
}
// 失败，传入描述信息,状态码
public static JsonData buildError(String msg, Integer code) {
return new JsonData(code, "", msg);
}
// 成功，传入数据,及描述信息
public static JsonData buildSuccess(Object data, String msg) {
return new JsonData(0, data, msg);
}
// 成功，传入数据,及状态码
public static JsonData buildSuccess(Object data, int code) {
return new JsonData(code, data, null);
}
public Integer getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(Integer code) {
this.code = code;
}
public Object getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(Object data) {
this.data = data;
}
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
public void setMsg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "JsonData [code=" + code + ", data=" + data + ", msg=" + msg
+ "]";
}
}
把所有项目的controller返回的数据和FeignClient接口返回的数据都改为JsonData
看看熔断后返回的数据
但是有一个问题，controller肯定不止一个方法，但是每个方法都需要制定一个fallback
这样一来controller很重，很累赘，
对上述方法进行改造
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