Level set / Sub-level set / Super-level set

### DeepSeek MoE (Mixture of Experts) Model Architecture The Mixture of Experts (MoE) approach is designed to enhance the efficiency and performance of large language models by dynamically selecting a subset of parameters during inference or training, rather than using all available parameters at once. In this context, each expert represents an independent sub-model that specializes in different aspects of data processing. In the case of **DeepSeek MoE**, the architecture incorporates multiple experts within layers where only some are activated based on input tokens' characteristics[^1]. This selective activation allows for more efficient computation while maintaining high accuracy levels compared to traditional dense architectures. #### Key Components: - **Gating Network**: Determines which set(s) of experts will be used for specific inputs through learned gating mechanisms. - **Expert Layers**: Contain specialized neural networks tailored towards handling particular types of information effectively. - **Router Mechanism**: Efficiently routes token representations from lower-level features into higher-dimensional spaces handled by selected experts without requiring full connectivity between every layer node. ```python import torch.nn as nn class GatedLayer(nn.Module): def __init__(self, num_experts=8, hidden_size=768): super(GatedLayer, self).__init__() # Define gating network self.gate = nn.Linear(hidden_size, num_experts) # Initialize list of experts with identical structure but separate weights self.experts = nn.ModuleList([nn.TransformerEncoderLayer(d_model=hidden_size, nhead=8) for _ in range(num_experts)]) def forward(self, x): gate_values = self.gate(x).softmax(dim=-1) output = sum(g * e(x) for g, e in zip(gate_values.unbind(-1), self.experts)) return output ``` This code snippet demonstrates how one might implement part of such an architecture using PyTorch's `torch.nn` module. The example includes defining both the gating mechanism responsible for choosing active experts per input batch element along with initializing several instances of transformer encoder layers acting as individual 'experts'.
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