redhat7.4 centos yum源

由于redhat 的更新包只对注册的用户生效,所以需要自己手动更改成CentOS 的更新包,CentOS几乎和redhat是一样的,所以无需担心软件包是否可安装,安装之后是否有问题,另外CentOS公司去年已经被Redhat 收购了,下面是安装步骤。

1、首先查看redhat 7.0系统本身所安装的那些yum 软件包:

[root@linuxprobe ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum
yum-utils-1.1.31-24.el7.noarch
yum-langpacks-0.4.2-3.el7.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-4.el7.noarch
PackageKit-yum-0.8.9-11.el7.x86_64
yum-3.4.3-118.el7.noarch
2、卸载这些软件包;

[root@linuxprobe ~]# rpm -e yum-3.4.3-118.el7.noarch --nodeps
[root@linuxprobe ~]# rpm -e yum-utils-1.1.31-24.el7.noarch --nodeps
[root@linuxprobe ~]# rpm -e yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-4.el7.noarch --nodeps
[root@linuxprobe ~]# rpm -e yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
[root@linuxprobe ~]# rpm -e yum-langpacks-0.4.2-3.el7.noarch --nodeps
[root@linuxprobe ~]# rpm -e PackageKit-yum-0.8.9-11.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
3、保证本机电脑能上网;

[root@linuxprobe ~]# ping www.baidu.co
PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.121) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 61.135.169.121: icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=31.8 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.121: icmp_seq=2 ttl=53 time=31.9 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.121: icmp_seq=3 ttl=53 time=32.0 ms
4、进入以下网站上面查看软件包的版本是否升级或者找到自己系统所对应的文件包版本更新;

网易163网络源地址:http://mirrors.163.com/
CentOS网络源地址:http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/
5、找到自己所需要的版本下载:

[root@Linuxprobe ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-118.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
–2016-01-17 20:43:15-- http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-118.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
Resolving mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)… 123.58.173.185, 123.58.173.186
Connecting to mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)|123.58.173.185|:80… connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response… 404 Not Found
2016-01-17 20:43:15 ERROR 404: Not Found. //如果找不到,是安装包更新了,你可以到这个网站http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/复制下载链接,然后再下载下来;

[root@linuxprobe ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1.noarch.rpm
[root@linuxprobe ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@linuxprobe ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@linuxprobe ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@linuxprobe ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm
6、查看下载完成结果;

[root@linuxprobe ~]# ls
yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1.noarch.rpm
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm
yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm
yum-utils-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm
7、安装软件包:

[root@Linuxprobe ~]# rpm -ivh yum-*
warning: yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing… ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing…
1:yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7 ################################# [ 20%]
2:yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-3 ################################# [ 40%]
3:yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1 ################################# [ 60%]
4:yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-34.el7 ################################# [ 80%]
5:yum-utils-1.1.31-34.el7 ################################# [100%]
8、新建repo 配置文件;

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
#CentOS-Base.repo

The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
unless you are manually picking other mirrors.

If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
remarked out baseurl= line instead.

[base]
name=CentOS-$7 - Base - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 2: 7&̲arch=basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$7 - Updates - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 2: 7&̲arch=basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$7 - Extras - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 2: 7&̲arch=basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS- 7 − P l u s − 163. c o m b a s e u r l = h t t p : / / m i r r o r s . 163. c o m / c e n t o s / 7 / c e n t o s p l u s / 7 - Plus - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/centosplus/ 7Plus163.combaseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/centosplus/basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
9、至此YUM 网络源已经安装完成;

[root@linuxprobe ~]# yum clean all
10、测试安装是否正常;

[root@Linuxprobe ~]# yum -y install lftp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
–> Running transaction check
—> Package lftp.x86_64 0:4.4.8-7.el7 will be installed
–> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved

### 配置 Red Hat 7.4YUM 为了在 Red Hat 7.4 上成功安装并配置 YUM ,可以按照以下方法操作: #### 替换为免费的 CentOS 对应版本 YUM 由于 Red Hat 提供的官方 YUM 可能需要订阅授权,因此可以选择将其替换为免费的 CentOS 社区维护的 YUM 。以下是具体的操作步骤。 1. **进入 YUM 配置目录** 切换到 `/etc/yum.repos.d/` 目录下,这是存储 YUM 配置文件的地方。 ```bash cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ ``` 2. **下载网易 163 公共 YUM 配置文件** 使用 `wget` 命令从网络获取适用于 CentOS 7.4 版本的 YUM 配置文件,并保存为 `CentOS7-Base-163.repo`。 ```bash wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo ``` 此处使用的镜像站点由网易提供支持[^2]。 3. **修改配置文件中的变量** 将配置文件内的 `$releasever` 变量替换为具体的版本号(即 7),以便确保匹配正确的软件包仓库。 ```bash sed -i "s;\$releasever;7;g" CentOS7-Base-163.repo ``` 4. **备份原始 Red Hat YUM 配置文件** 备份原有的 `redhat.repo` 文件以防万一需要恢复默认设置。 ```bash mv redhat.repo redhat.repo.bak ``` 5. **更新 YUM 缓存及验证新有效性** 执行以下命令刷新本地缓存数据,并测试新的 YUM 是否能够正常工作。 ```bash yum clean all && yum makecache yum repolist ``` 如果一切顺利,则会显示来自网易 163 镜像的新可用库列表[^3]。 #### 离线方式安装 YUM 如果目标主机无法连接互联网,也可以采用离线方式进行 YUM 的初始化安装。 1. 准备一张包含所需 RPM 包及其依赖项的 DVD 或者 USB 存储设备; 2. 创建挂载点并将介质内容加载至该路径下: ```bash mkdir /mnt/dvdrom mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/dvdrom ``` 3. 修改现有的或者创建一个新的 `.repo` 文件指向上述挂载位置作为本地仓库地址: ```bash vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local-media.repo ``` 添加如下内容: ```ini [LocalMedia] name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - Local Media baseurl=file:///mnt/dvdrom/AppStream file:///mnt/dvdrom/BaseOS enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 ``` 完成以上任意一种方案之后即可正常使用 YUM 工具来管理系统的软件包资了[^4]。 ```python # 示例 Python 脚本用于自动化部分流程 (可选) import os def setup_yum_source(): commands = [ 'cd /etc/yum.repos.d/', 'wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo', 'sed -i "s;$releasever;7;g" CentOS7-Base-163.repo', 'mv redhat.repo redhat.repo.bak', 'yum clean all && yum makecache' ] for cmd in commands: result = os.system(cmd) if result != 0: print(f'Error occurred while executing {cmd}') break setup_yum_source() ```
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