rabbitmq实现延时队列
名词解释
RabbitMQ中的TTL
RabbitMQ中的高级特性——TTL(Time To Live)
TTL是什么呢?TTL是RabbitMQ中一个消息或者队列的属性,表明一条消息或者该队列中的所有消息的最大存活时间,单位是毫秒。换句话说,如果一条消息设置了TTL属性或者进入了设置TTL属性的队列,那么这条消息如果在TTL设置的时间内没有被消费,则会成为“死信”。
安装RabbitMQ插件解决问题
什么问题?我们先发了一个延时时长为20s的消息,然后发了一个延时时长为2s的消息,结果发现,第二个消息会在等第一个消息成为死信后才会“死亡“。
确实是一个硬伤,如果不能实现在消息粒度上添加TTL,并使其在设置的TTL时间及时死亡,就无法设计成一个通用的延时队列。
那如何解决这个问题呢?不要慌,安装一个插件即可:https://www.rabbitmq.com/community-plugins.html ,下载rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange插件,然后解压放置到RabbitMQ的插件目录。
接下来,进入RabbitMQ的安装目录下的sbin目录,执行下面命令让该插件生效,然后重启RabbitMQ。
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange
相关代码
我们声明几个Bean:
配置类
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.CustomExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class DelayedRabbitMQConfig {
public static final String DELAYED_QUEUE_NAME = "delay.queue.demo.delay.queue";
public static final String DELAYED_EXCHANGE_NAME = "delay.queue.demo.delay.exchange";
public static final String DELAYED_ROUTING_KEY = "delay.queue.demo.delay.routingkey";
@Bean
public Queue immediateQueue() {
return new Queue(DELAYED_QUEUE_NAME);
}
@Bean
public CustomExchange customExchange() {
Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>();
args.put("x-delayed-type", "direct");
return new CustomExchange(DELAYED_EXCHANGE_NAME, "x-delayed-message", true, false, args);
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingNotify(@Qualifier("immediateQueue") Queue queue,
@Qualifier("customExchange") CustomExchange customExchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(customExchange).with(DELAYED_ROUTING_KEY).noargs();
}
}
controller层再添加一个入口:
@Autowired
private DelayMessageSender sender;
@RequestMapping("delayMsg2")
public void delayMsg2(String msg, Integer delayTime) {
log.info("当前时间:{},收到请求,msg:{},delayTime:{}", new Date(), msg, delayTime);
sender.sendDelayMsg(msg, delayTime);
}
消息生产者的代码
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class DelayMessageSender {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void sendDelayMsg(String msg, Integer delayTime) {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(DelayedRabbitMQConfig.DELAYED_EXCHANGE_NAME, DelayedRabbitMQConfig.DELAYED_ROUTING_KEY, msg, a ->{
a.getMessageProperties().setDelay(delayTime);
return a;
});
}
}
创建一个消费者
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.yunheplus.order.config.RabbitMQConfig;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
@Component
public class DeadLetterQueueConsumer {
@RabbitListener(queues = DelayedRabbitMQConfig.DELAYED_QUEUE_NAME)
public void receive(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
String msg = new String(message.getBody());
log.info("当前时间:{},延时队列收到消息:{}", new Date().toString(), msg);
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
一切准备就绪,启动!然后分别访问以下链接:
http://localhost:8080/rabbitmq/delayMsg2?msg=msg1&delayTime=20000
http://localhost:8080/rabbitmq/delayMsg2?msg=msg2&delayTime=2000