ubuntu 20.04

ubuntu 20.04 feature

参考链接如下,主要是ubuntu官网。

简述

一、ubuntu 20.04
1、 ubuntu20.04安装
2、相比于18.04的新增feature
3、一些值得注意的点

二、主要完成1、2项,目前已经完成

三、相比于18.04的新增feature
主要是参考wiki:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/FocalFossa/ReleaseNotes#New_Features_in_20.04_LTS

3-1、下载
Download Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS

3-2、new feature

3-2-1、RISC-V image
RISC-V images for SiFive HiFive Unleashed and Unmatched boards are now available, which can also be used as a VM with QEMU on any Ubuntu 20.04 machine.
详细信息参考:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RISC-V
3-2-2、Updated Packages

1、Linux Kernel:Ubuntu 20.04 LTS基于长期支持的linux发布版本为5.4.(HWE stack更新到linux5.8)(HWE:hardware enablement)
关于kernel5.4,相比于kernel 5.3,多的feature为:
1)硬件方面:Support for new hardware including Intel Comet Lake CPUs and initial Tiger Lake platforms, AMD Navi 12 and 14 GPUs, Arcturus and Renoir APUs along with Navi 12 + Arcturus power features.
2)文件系统:添加了对 exFAT 文件系统的支持,添加了用于与虚拟化客户机共享文件系统的 virtio-fs 以及用于检测文件修改的 fs-verity。
3)内置了the WireGuard VPN的支持
4)Enablement of lockdown in integrity mode.
关于kernel5.4,相比于kernel4.15(也就是ubuntu 18.04),多的feature为:
1)Support for AMD Rome CPUs, Radeon RX Vega M and Navi GPUs, Intel Cannon Lake platforms.
2)Support for raspberry pi (Pi 2B, Pi 3B, Pi 3A+, Pi 3B+, CM3, CM3+, Pi 4B)
3)省电方面的显著提高
4) USB 3.2 and Type-C的众多提高
5)新的挂载 API、the io_uring interface、对 AMD 安全加密虚拟化的 KVM 支持和 pidfd 支持。(这个新的mount API是什么,后面去看看)
6)通过在诸多架构上,将默认的内核压缩算法更改为 lz4(在 Ubuntu 19.10 中)以及将默认的 initramfs 压缩算法更改为 lz4,提高了启动速度。(lz4压缩?)

2、Toolchain Upgrades
including new upstream releases of glibc 2.31, OpenJDK 11, rustc 1.41, GCC 9.3, Python 3.8.2, ruby 2.7.0, php 7.4, perl 5.30, golang 1.13.

3、Ubuntu Desktop
主要是一些显示相关的更新,例如某个主题,锁屏相关,以及火狐浏览器版本,这项暂时不关注。

3-2-3、Network configuration
netplan.io开发了多个新的feature。(netplan.io这几个不太明白,先记下来)

3-2-4、Storage/File Systems
Ubuntu Focal发布了zfs 0.8.3。与之前的 LTS 版本中提供的功能相比,zfs 0.8 带来了许多新功能。主要包括:
本机加密(with hardware acceleration enabled in Focal)
Device removal
Pool TRIM
Sequential scrub and resilver (performance)
关于zfs的上游版本说明:https://github.com/openzfs/zfs/releases/tag/zfs-0.8.0

3-2-5、Other base system changes since 18.04 LTS
1)python default
In 20.04 LTS, the python included in the base system is Python 3.8. Python 2.7 has been moved to universe and is not included by default in any new installs.
2)Snap Store
The Snap Store (snap-store) replaces ubuntu-software as the default tool for finding and installing packages and snaps.

3-2-6、about Ubuntu Server
1)install
Starting from Ubuntu Server 20.04.2 the ISO images can optionally boot the installer using the HWE kernel. In this case the installed system will automatically make use of the HWE stack.

2)QEMU(ubuntu 20.04的版本为4.2)
相比于Ubuntu 18.04的升级者,请查看4.0,3.1,3.0和2.12来了解,引入的特点较多:
https://wiki.qemu.org/ChangeLog/4.0
https://wiki.qemu.org/ChangeLog/3.1
https://wiki.qemu.org/ChangeLog/3.0
https://wiki.qemu.org/ChangeLog/2.12

例如:QEMU现在启用了virglrenderer,允许在QEMU虚拟机中创建虚拟3D GPU。That is inferior to GPU passthrough,但如果所使用的平台缺乏经典 PCI 直通以及更现代的中介设备的功能,则会很方便。

图形化 QEMU 后端现在基于 GTK 而不是 SDL。这提供了更好的桌面集成,并且通常更快。

3)相关软件的版本更新。例如PHP\RUBY\SMABA\DPKG\libvirt

4、Raspberry Pi
Since the release of Ubuntu 19.10 Raspberry Pi 32-bit and 64-bit preinstalled images (renamed to raspi) support the Raspberry Pi 4 platform out-of-the-box. With this, our images now support almost all modern flavors of the Raspberry Pi family of devices (Pi 2B, Pi 3B, Pi 3A+, Pi 3B+, CM3, CM3+, Pi 4B). Starting from Ubuntu Server 20.04.2, support for the CM4 (all variants) and the Pi 400 has been added too.

参考链接
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/FocalFossa/ReleaseNotes#New_Features_in_20.04_LTS
https://www.cnblogs.com/greencollar/p/13740441.html
https://ywnz.com/linuxxw/7035.html
https://ywnz.com/linuxaz/6997.html
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/136866827

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