计算机科学名词,计算机科学中的术语（1）

原标题：计算机科学中的术语(1)

我们在学习计算机时经常会碰到一在堆英文术语，我们分几期来一个个解释他们的具体的含义。如果你有这方面的问题，可以留言给我们小编，让我们来帮助你答疑解惑！

• Computational Literacy 计算素养

• Computational thinking (CT) 计算思维

• Computational thinking practices 计算思维实践

• Computer engineering 计算机工程

• Computer literacy 计算机素养

• Computer science (CS) 计算机科学

• Computing 计算

• Cyberlearning 网络学习

• Digital literacy 数字素养

• Educational technology 教育技术

• Informatics 信息学

• Information and communication technology (ICT) 信息和通信技术

• Information science 信息科学

• Information systems 信息系统

• Information technology (IT) 信息技术

• Programming and coding 编程与编写代码

Computational Literacy

Refers to having the knowledge to make use ofthe power of the computer beyond using typical applications. Computationalliteracy was a phrase used before computer scientists began talkingabout computational thinking, and the two terms are now often usedinterchangeably. According to computer science professor Michael Horn,computational literacy is the ability to use computers and computationaltechnologies to solve problems, both in school and in the community.Computational literacy is sometimes confused with the terms computerliteracy and digital literacy, which themselves do not mean the same thing.

计算素养：指人们充分使用计算机能力的知识，而不仅仅指使用常用的应用程序。计算素养是在计算机科学家提出计算思维前，常用的一个术语，计算素养与计算思维两个词可以互换。根据计算机科学教授Michael Horn的说法，计算素养指人们在学校或者社区，使用计算机和计算技术的能力来解决难题。计算素养与计算机素养、数字素养常常会搞混，后两者与前者指的不是同一回事。

Computational Thinking

Computational Thinking (CT) in computer science refers to aproblem solving process used by computer scientists. Jeannette Wing,a computer scientist, describes computational thinking as the thoughtprocesses involved in formulating a problem and expressing its solutionsin a way that a computer can effectively carry it out (Wing 2014).Computational thinking concepts in K-12 include data collection, dataanalysis, data representation, problem decomposition, abstraction,algorithms and procedures, automation, parallelization, and simulation.

计算思维

计算思维在计算机科学中，指计算机科学家解决问题的过程。计算机科学家Jeannette Wing是这样描述计算思维的：它是一种思维过程，包含了对问题的公式化，用计算机能够有效处理的方式来表述的解决方案(Wing 2014提出)。计算思维在K12阶段包含：数据收集、数据分析、数据表示、问题分解、抽象、算法与过程、自动化、并行和模拟仿真。

It is important to point out that computational thinking “shares elementswith various other types of thinking such as algorithmic thinking, engineeringthinking, and mathematical thinking (IWG 2010, as cited in Barr and Stephenson2011). And while computer scientists acknowledge that many subjectsteach problem solving skills, they believe that computer science often usesa particularly systematic and deep approach to thinking about complexproblems, which they call computational thinking. In mathematics, someK-12 instructional materials outline the computational thinking practicesthat students should use to engage with computer science course content.Computational thinking and mathematical thinking are closely related, asboth are involved with abstraction and reasoning with recognized simplifiedmodels. Computational literacy is a phrase that existed before computationalthinking, and these two terms are sometimes used interchangeably.

值得一提的是计算机思维与其它的思维有很多共性，如算法思维、工程思维和数学思维。计算机科学家与坦陈很多的其它学科也教问题求解的方法。他们也认为计算机科学常常使用更加系统和深度的方法思考复杂的问题，这个方法叫做计算思维。在数学领域，一些教学材料中提到，计算思维实践中学生应参与到计算机科学的课程内容中来。计算思维与数学思维比较相近，都涉及到使用已知的模型进行抽象与推理。计算素养先于计算思维而存在，有时这两个术语可以互换。返回搜狐，查看更多

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